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- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History—interviews. (873)
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Articles 181 - 210 of 1759
Full-Text Articles in History
Interview No. 1516, Maria Antonietta Orrantia
Interview No. 1516, Maria Antonietta Orrantia
Combined Interviews
Maria Antonietta Orrantia was born in El Paso, Texas on August 1957. She was the youngest of her three other male siblings. Her mother was from Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico and her father from Juarez, Mexico were they met. She grew up and studied her high school in Juarez. Later she earned a BA in Psychology from the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), got married and went to Guanajuato, Mexico and almost accomplished an MBA. After that she returned to UTEP and took non-degree courses in marketing. Orrantia recalls that her paternal grandmother started a small restaurant in downtown …
Interview No. 1511, Leroy Candelaria
Interview No. 1511, Leroy Candelaria
Combined Interviews
Leroy Candelaria is the founder of Biotech Pharmacy, Inc., he was born in Barstow, CA in 1959; he grew up in Long Beach, CA before his family moved to Belen, NM; he graduated Pharmacy School in 1983 from the University of New Mexico with a specialization in radio pharmacy; his mother was a housewife and his father retired from the U.S. Post Service, his father’s search for work required the family to move often; at home Spanish and English were spoken. Mr. Candelaria explains the service and products that his business provides, specifically drugs that are radioactive; describes when and …
Interview No. 1513, Antonio Rico
Interview No. 1513, Antonio Rico
Combined Interviews
Raised in Juarez and El Paso, Antonio Rico describes how his upbringing contributed to the establishment of his business, Electric Systems Engineers, Incorporated (ESEI). Rico attained his Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from UTEP despite some difficulties resulting from having attained his K-12 education in Juarez and some struggles to improve his English-speaking skills. He was drawn to engineering under the prospects that it was a “career of the future.” His current business, ESEI, provides IT services, telecommunications, networking design implementation, and project management. He was encouraged to start his own firm based on his experience working in telecommunications in …
Interview No. 1514, Lorraine Wardy
Interview No. 1514, Lorraine Wardy
Combined Interviews
Born in 1946 and raised in Mexico City, Lorraine Wardy moved to the United States at age 18 when she married a man she met in El Paso. Since then, she has lived in El Paso for at least forty years. Her three children, one girl and two boys, each became successful entrepreneurs in other industries. Her first business emerged after divorcing her husband; She opened a “surf shop” named Locals Only that sold the latest clothes, shoes, and skateboards. She was later inspired to start her own clothing brand that she successfully marketed in New York. She went on …
Interview No. 1519, Moe Beltran
Interview No. 1519, Moe Beltran
Combined Interviews
Moe Beltran describes his upbringing on the 3100 block of Alameda in El Paso, Texas and then his later business endeavors. He was eager to graduate from high school so he could enter the military during the Second World War. He graduated from El Paso Tech High but was too young to enroll in the military; Instead, he was offered a job at Bigsfield where he worked until 1945. Beltran went on to help with his father’s locksmith business, International Bike and Key Shop. Before he was seventeen years old, he married his sixteen-year-old wife. In 1951, Mr. Beltran purchased …
Interview No. 1510, Ray Hernando
Interview No. 1510, Ray Hernando
Combined Interviews
Ray Hernando is the founder of RHO Logistics, Inc., he was born in El Paso, TX in 1957 in the Lower Valley; he was the fourth of seven children; both parents were first generation Mexican Americans with families originally from Chihuahua; graduated from Ysleta High; describes three years family lived in San Francisco due to father’s need for work, compares it to El Paso, describes the diversity and how it impacted his life and self-confidence. Mr. Hernando describes his parents work and them growing up during the Great Depression and living through World War II; recounts his early work experience …
Interview No. 1507, Fermin Dorado
Interview No. 1507, Fermin Dorado
Combined Interviews
Fermin Dorado is the president of Dorado Engineering in El Paso, Texas, started in June 1996; before he was El Paso city engineer for 28 years; explains how he created a professional selection process that helped shift work from all anglo firms to more hispanic firms for the city of El Paso; Mr. Dorado recounts the pressure he experienced from Mayor Francis over his retirement and accusations of bribery; covers his role in getting El Paso districts restructured for more accurate community representation, his role in LULAC and legal battles with the city government. Mr. Dorado recalls growing up in …
Interview No. 1508, Hector Holguin
Interview No. 1508, Hector Holguin
Combined Interviews
Hector Holguin is the president and founder of Secure Origins in El Paso, TX; he was born in El Paso, his parents from the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. He attended El Paso High, received a Bachelor of Science from UTEP in Civil Engineering; Masters from UT in Structural Engineering; worked in aerospace engineering with Boeing Space System Center in Hunting Beach, CA for Apollo space missions. Mr. Holguin explains his work in engineering for the space program during the 1960s; recounts his family and decision to move back to El Paso; explains how work experience helped him secure a job …
Interview No. 1632, Louann Hoover Feuille
Interview No. 1632, Louann Hoover Feuille
Combined Interviews
Longtime El Paso resident Louann Hoover Feuille revisits her many years as both a child and an adult living in the historic Hoover House. In addition, she shares memories of her family and her education at the Radford School for Girls. Although Hoover Feuille is a native El Pasoan, her family did not purchase the Hoover House until the early 1940s, when her father, desperate to find shelter for his family during a war-time housing shortage, bid on the bank-owned home at a government auction. Hoover Feuille describes the terrible condition of the house lots of cats, and discusses at …
Interview No. 1521, Arnold B. Peinado
Interview No. 1521, Arnold B. Peinado
Combined Interviews
Arnold B. Peinado, owner of Wildwood Developers, LLC and Franklin Self Storage, LLC, describes his upbringing in El Paso as well as his various projects throughout the city. His parents, who were both Mexican immigrants came to El Paso under various circumstances to flee the violence that ensued during the Mexican Revolution. Peinado, a valedictorian of El Paso High School, received his Bachelors Degree of Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and later attained his Masters degree in the same field at MIT. His brothers also attained civil engineering degrees at Levigh University as well as Cal Tech. After …
Interview No. 1526, Richard Najera
Interview No. 1526, Richard Najera
Combined Interviews
Richard Najera, president of El Paso Lone Star Homes, Inc., speaks here about his rise to success as an electrician, home builder, banker, and communications entrepreneur. In addition, he shares his memories of his youth and his experiences as a public servant. Born in 1937, Najera attended El Paso High School, graduating in 1955. After studying electrical engineering at Texas Western College (now the University of Texas at El Paso), Najera attended apprenticeship school, finishing the four-year program in just two years. But obstructions arose when he sat for his contractor’s license due to the board’s corruption and racial discrimination. …
Interview No. 1540, Fred Loya
Interview No. 1540, Fred Loya
Combined Interviews
Fred Loya was born to immigrant parents in Santa, California. His mother had a well-established family and his father worked different jobs through his life until he financed his own grocery store. Loya worked on his family ranch right out of college, he was able to do book keeping and started buying cattle for the ranch. Through buying cattle, he met Bill Bur who became Loya’s employer. Bur later lost his business and became an insurance agent with Farmers Insurance. He influenced Loya to become an agent as well, despite objection from his wife. Loya became one of the most …
Interview No. 1388, Maria Zarate
Interview No. 1388, Maria Zarate
Combined Interviews
Maria Zarate was born in Paracho, Michoacán, México. Her father worked as a bracero in the United States. At a young age her father pasted away, for this reason she started working with her brothers caring for animal and planting seeds. At an age of twenty, she married for the first time. One year later, her husband passed away. Eight years later she married a second time only to take care of her second husband’s daughters. Her second husband, Federico worked as a bracero in the United States in 1954. Ms. Zarate lasted long periods of time without her husband …
Interview No. 1419, María De Los Ángeles Luna De Robles
Interview No. 1419, María De Los Ángeles Luna De Robles
Combined Interviews
Ms. Luna de Robles discusses her family; she talks about her marriage in 1958, to Crescencio Robles; they were from the same ejido, which was how they met; she was nineteen years old, and he was twenty-two at the time; prior to their marriage, he enlisted in the bracero program, at the age of eighteen, and he continued working with the program; he went through the contracting process in Chihuahua, México; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Arizona, California, New México and Texas; he wrote letters to her and sent money about once a month; she usually …
Interview No. 1421, Ramiro Solis
Interview No. 1421, Ramiro Solis
Combined Interviews
Ramiro Solis was born on December 28, 1922 in Tekax Yucatán, México attended school and learned to read and write, however, after his father passed away, everyone in the family had to start working. Ramiro left school to work with his father’s former Chinese countrymen who paid Ramiro $0.02 cents a row for harvesting herbs and he would earn $0.10 -$0.12 cents a day for his work. He went on to work as a roper (one who makes ropes) in Mérida, Yucatán. Then there was a decline in jobs, and the Mexican government began pushing for unemployed men to enter …
Interview No. 1424, Feliciano Zarupe
Interview No. 1424, Feliciano Zarupe
Combined Interviews
Feliciano never went to school and from a very young age he began working, collecting resin from pine trees so it could be processed for various needs. Feliciano entered the Bracero Program in 1960 and the first part of the recruitment process, the physical examination, took place in Empalme. Then they were sent to Calexico where they were dusted against lice. Feliciano first went to Oxnard in Parque del Sol when he arrived in the United States and then was sent to Lompoc in Santa Maria county, California where he worked harvested lettuce for 45 days. A typical day began …
Interview No. 1416, Antonio Nuño Gonzáles
Interview No. 1416, Antonio Nuño Gonzáles
Combined Interviews
Mr. Gonzáles talks about the bracero program as a means to achieving a better life for himself and his family, which is why he decided to enlist; to begin the process, he traveled to Empalme, Sonora, México, where he picked cotton to get the necessary papers; as part of the contracting process, he underwent medical exams, which he describes as rude, and they were much more thorough in Mexicali, Baja California, México; one of his brothers did not pass the exams because of his lungs, but he did labor in the fields of California with his eldest brother; Antonio worked …
Interview No. 1411, Guadalupe Durán
Interview No. 1411, Guadalupe Durán
Combined Interviews
Mr. Durán briefly talks about his parents and siblings; growing up, he worked in the fields, but he eventually had to go to Sonora, México, because there was not enough work at home; while there, he picked two thousand kilograms of cotton, and he was able to obtain the necessary documents to enlist in the bracero program; he went through the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora, México; from there he was transported to Mexicali, Baja California, México and then to Calexico, California, where he was stripped, examined and deloused; he comments that he was treated badly when he crossed into …
Interview No. 1414, Santa María Madera
Interview No. 1414, Santa María Madera
Combined Interviews
Mr. Madera recalls learning about the bracero program and how two hundred men were chosen from his town to enlist in Empalme, Sonora, México; in 1956, when he was twenty-two years old, he and his brother-in-law traveled to Guadalajara, Jalisco, México before finally arriving in Empalme; he describes the requirements and process he underwent, including medical exams; from there he was transported to Mexicali, Baja California, México by train; upon crossing into the United States, he was treated badly and subjected to further assessments and delousing procedures; moreover, he spent the night at a large barracks in Calexico, California before …
Interview No. 1404, Manuel Aparicio
Interview No. 1404, Manuel Aparicio
Combined Interviews
Mr. Aparicio talks about lending a man money to enlist in the bracero program; when he went looking for him to collect, he saw a number of his friends, and they ultimately convinced him to join the program; he began the process during the 1950s in Zacatecas, México, where he was medically examined before being sent to Irapuato, México, where he underwent more extensive exams; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of California, Idaho, Texas and Wyoming, picking asparagus, beets, cotton, lemons, oranges, peaches, pears, potatoes, strawberries and tomatoes; he goes on to detail the various worksites, camp …
Interview No. 1100, Margarita Flores
Interview No. 1100, Margarita Flores
Combined Interviews
Ms. Flores briefly recalls her childhood and the financial difficulties her parents endured; Ms. Flores recalls that she and her mother were in the United States without documentation; her father went through the contracting center in Juárez, Chihuahua, México; upon being hired, he was sent to Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas; she and her parents were allowed to reside at Sparks Ranch, while the majority of the other braceros were transported to another camp; her mother’s primary duties on the ranch consisted of cooking for the braceros; as a bracero, her father completed one contract and labored …
Interview No. 1407, Roberto Martínez Cordero
Interview No. 1407, Roberto Martínez Cordero
Combined Interviews
Mr. Martínez talks about working for a company that processed tobacco prior to deciding to enlist in the bracero program; in 1959, when he was nineteen years old, he traveled to Tijuana, Baja California, México, where his sister lived, to begin the process by getting on the list of available workers; from there he went to Empalme, Sonora, México, where he was quickly examined and then transported by train to Mexicali, Baja California, México; while there, he underwent more extensive exams before arriving at the work camp in Arizona; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Arizona and …
Interview No. 1415, Daniel Molina
Interview No. 1415, Daniel Molina
Combined Interviews
Mr. Molina briefly talks about his family; in 1959, he decided to enlist in the bracero program, and he began the contracting process in Empalme, Sonora, México; he details the entire contracting process he underwent in México and the United States; moreover, he explains having to go to Mexicali, Baja California, México to get papers as a specialized worker and then returning to Empalme to finally obtain a contract; he was transported by train with roughly fifteen thousand other men in seventy-five box cars; they traveled for two days in extremely hot weather, and their water ran out after only …
Interview No. 1406, María Carrillo
Interview No. 1406, María Carrillo
Combined Interviews
María Carrillo was born May 11, 1919, in New Mexico, but she was raised in Zacatecas México; she had seven siblings, two of whom were also born in the United States; her father was an agricultural worker; she grew up at the time of the Cristero War, and as a result, she was never formally educated; when she was twenty-two years old, she married; her husband served in the bracero program for a short time; she later immigrated to the United States and was eventually able to arrange legal status for her entire family.
Interview No. 1423, Ben Zapata
Interview No. 1423, Ben Zapata
Combined Interviews
Benjamin Zapata was born in 1935 in the Yucatán. In the village that Benjamin lived, they worked in in making hats and head gear. Benjamin had friends who came into the Bracero Program and convinced him to join as well. In 1958, Benjamin decided to join the Bracero Program and he went to Empalme Sonora, México to register for the Bracero Program. From there Benjamin went to Mexicali, México and then he crossed the border and traveled to San Joaquin and Tracy, California. His first job had Benjamin picking tomatoes, that contract lasted for forty-five days. At the end of …
Interview No. 1598, Felipe Pavon Munoz
Interview No. 1598, Felipe Pavon Munoz
Combined Interviews
In 1942 he saw a newspaper announcing the hiring of Mexican men, he explains in detail the negotiations that occurred between the United States and Mexico; he recalls braceros arriving to the national stadium in Mexico City; in 1944 he registered as a bracero; he details his physical examination, explaining that it consisted of a rectal exam, lice check, fumigation, a shower, blood work, and a detail inspection of their entire naked body; he remembers that once in the United States braceros were lined up and distributed out without knowledge of where they were going; he describes living in a …
Interview No. 1405, Enrique Arellano
Interview No. 1405, Enrique Arellano
Combined Interviews
Mr. Arellano talks about his family, including his parents, siblings and children; roughly two hundred men registered to enlist in the bracero program from his hometown, but only fifty were chosen; he chronicles the requirements for the contracting process, which he went through in Empalme, Sonora, México; from there, he was transported by train to Mexicali, Baja California, México, where he was stripped, examined and deloused; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Salinas, California, cutting, picking and packing carrots, celery and lettuce; he goes on to detail housing, living conditions, accommodations, provisions, duties, routines, treatment, deductions, remittances, …
Interview No. 1413, Juan Lupian
Interview No. 1413, Juan Lupian
Combined Interviews
Mr. Lupian explains that people would pass through different towns in order to sign people up for the bracero program; during the late 1940s, when he was nineteen years old, he decided to join the program; he traveled to Empalme, Sonora, México to pick cotton and obtain the necessary papers to enlist; in addition, he also went through centers in Guadalajara, Jalisco and Hermosillo, Sonora, México; from the center in Empalme he was transported to Mexicali, Baja California, México by train, and then from there to Calexico, California by bus; he continued working with the program for several years cleaning, …
Interview No. 1403, Encarnación Alamillo
Interview No. 1403, Encarnación Alamillo
Combined Interviews
Mr. Alamillo talks about his decision to enlist in the bracero program in 1958, because the season’s crops were lost due to a drought; in order to get on the list of available workers, he had to pay, but luckily he knew one of the people in charge, which helped; he went through the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora, Mexico, with nine other men from his hometown; they were briefly examined, and he was called rather quickly, whereas others waited for up to one month; he was transported by cargo train to Mexicali, Baja California, México; although his initial contract …
Interview No. 1408, Celedonia Corral
Interview No. 1408, Celedonia Corral
Combined Interviews
Mrs. Corral talks about her family and growing up in México; she also discusses her husband, Erasmo Corral and how they married in 1941, when she was only eighteen years old; he enlisted in the bracero program and completed two contracts; she lived with her mother-in-law at the time; he picked cotton for roughly six months; it was hard for her and the children when he was gone, and they suffered greatly; he sent what little money he could, but he did not earn very much; she made clothes, paintings, candy or whatever she could sell to help supplement their …