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Articles 1 - 30 of 304
Full-Text Articles in History
'Our Sacred Rights': The Southern Baptist Convention And The Rhetoric Of Oppression, 1845 And Present Day, Katlyn Durand
'Our Sacred Rights': The Southern Baptist Convention And The Rhetoric Of Oppression, 1845 And Present Day, Katlyn Durand
Masters Theses
My master’s thesis focuses on the endurance of white supremacy and patriarchy in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), founded in 1845 and currently the largest Protestant denomination in the United States. I look at two moments in the SBC’s history and place these moments within their broader contexts to elucidate the political and cultural characteristics that shaped these moments: its founding in 1845 upon proslavery partisanship, as well as its current sexual abuse scandal. I argue that the Nullification Crisis of 1828-1834 and the cult of domesticity greatly influenced SBC policy and culture at its origins. Additionally, I examine the …
Lay It On The Line: The Life And Music Of Gladys Bentley, Bianki Torres, J.
Lay It On The Line: The Life And Music Of Gladys Bentley, Bianki Torres, J.
Doctoral Dissertations
This work is a historical biography of Gladys Bentley and her blues music. She was a cross-dressing entertainer from the Harlem Renaissance and performed popular songs with added, sometimes improvised sexual innuendo. This study considers the performances of her recorded and written material as trans music, meaning, that black music provided a platform to determine racial, gendered, and sexual cultural expressions changing over time, however, always rooted in black vernacular culture. Using showbills, promotional material, studio recordings and short autobiography, this study follows Bentley’s career as “male impersonator” and the effects lesbian/gay (queer) culture had on her blues. Also, I …
Man’S Best Fiend: The Black Dog And Social Change In England, Rowan Vail
Man’S Best Fiend: The Black Dog And Social Change In England, Rowan Vail
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Tales of dark, fiery-eyed hounds heralding storms and prowling lonely roads have been a consistent presence in English folklore since at least the time of the Reformation. Despite their ubiquity, these Black Dogs do not always serve the same purpose. These distinctions correspond with three different natures: the Devil, which seeks to punish sinners; the Omen, which appears as a portent of death; and the Guardian, which acts as a protector. These interlocking evolutions formed as direct reflections of moments of social change within England.
“All Rights Are Held Subject To The Police Power”: The Rise And Fall Of The Police Powers In American Constitutional Law, Albert Thomas
“All Rights Are Held Subject To The Police Power”: The Rise And Fall Of The Police Powers In American Constitutional Law, Albert Thomas
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Current libertarian understandings of individual rights are assumed by many to have been a fundamental part of our American culture since the nation’s founding. Yet our understanding of American individualism and its ideals is a modern one; though the Bill of Rights speaks of individual liberties which are to be protected against the federal government, local "police" powers took priority over individual rights through much of U.S. history. The police powers were predicated on a community-centered interpretation of liberty, which resembles the philosophy of Rousseau. In this thesis, I argue that 19th-century America exhibits a remarkably French understanding of religious …
The Invisible Amendment: The Evolution Of The Right To Privacy, Jeremy Spevack
The Invisible Amendment: The Evolution Of The Right To Privacy, Jeremy Spevack
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Citing six landmark Supreme Court cases, this piece argues that the meaning of America’s unwritten right to privacy has changed over time. It follows the right to privacy from its original appearance in an 1891 case between private actors to its application, beginning in the 1960s, against government regulation of intimate activities and bodily autonomy. It concludes with the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision, which may mark the beginning of a new chapter for the right to privacy in American law.
Sacred Symbioses And Feminine Succubi: Humoral Theory And Sexual Intercourse In Early Modern Europe, Naomi Silverman
Sacred Symbioses And Feminine Succubi: Humoral Theory And Sexual Intercourse In Early Modern Europe, Naomi Silverman
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Socio-medical tools for making sense of gender and sex in Early Modern Europe were grounded in humoralistic concepts traceable from classical medicine. Some modern scholars have analyzed the implications of the sexual dimorphism of humoral properties in terms of women’s status or men’s status. Still, little has focused on the actual interaction between the sexes. I use multiple mid-seventeenth-century treatises on women’s health and a contemporary love poem, as well as earlier humoral musings and recent scholarly works, to explore the role of sexual intercourse in Early Modern women’s humoral health.
Jews In Romania Before, During, And After The Holocaust, Michael Pastorello
Jews In Romania Before, During, And After The Holocaust, Michael Pastorello
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
An examination of Romania’s past reveals a historical pattern of anti-Semitic behavior which tragically culminated in the killing of close to 300,000 Jews during World World II. Under the fascist rule of Ion Antonescu (1940-1944), Romania actively participated in the persecution and extermination of the Jewish population. Initially, discriminatory laws were enacted, but that soon escalated to mass deportations and killings of Romanian Jews. Following the ousting of the fascist regime, a communist government gained control of Romania and ushered the country into a post-war era. This period predominantly focused on distancing the country from their anti-Semitic past using censorship …
The Blurriness Of Speech At “The Schoolhouse Gate”, Brianna Hastry
The Blurriness Of Speech At “The Schoolhouse Gate”, Brianna Hastry
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
The landmark 1969 Supreme Court case, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District, stated that students do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech and expression at the schoolhouse gate,” so long as the speech does not “materially or substantially interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school.”36 However, unlike many precedents set in landmark cases, this ruling has been unclear and contested in ensuing decades. Minors’ free speech rights must be understood in the context of a long, complex, and at times contradictory history of conflicting interpretations, such that, even now, more …
Violent Reflections: Bloody Mary In 1990s Pop Culture, Mac Godinez
Violent Reflections: Bloody Mary In 1990s Pop Culture, Mac Godinez
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
The final decade of the 20th century transformed the folk figure of Bloody Mary into a recognizable character on television screens through media like the 1992 film Candyman and the X-Files episode “Syzygy.” This paper explores the extent to which the Bloody Mary character provided a narrative tool to discuss U.S. state violence and brutality. The first section summarizes early academic writing on Bloody Mary to understand how this legend took hold in the United States. The second section traces the contours of the Bloody Mary figure to understand her narrative utility, as well as consider the history and anxieties …
The Importance Of Greek Mythology And Its Impact On Youth Culture In The United States Using Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief, Zachary W. Richards
The Importance Of Greek Mythology And Its Impact On Youth Culture In The United States Using Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief, Zachary W. Richards
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Rick Riordan’s work with the Percy Jackson book series presented young readers with a connection to Greek Mythology unparalleled to anything they had experienced before. His work, crafted as an Americanized and easily consumable form of Greek Mythology for young readers, became an integral piece of a culture fixated on ancient classics. This study examines the impact on both the immediate and long-term effects on youth culture within the United States given this newfound interest and interpretation of Greek Mythology. Both ancient works, such as Homer’s Iliad, and contemporary studies, such as Jan Bremmer’s Interpretations of Greek Mythology, are utilized …
The Purpose And Relevance Of The Grand Narrative, Brianna Hastry
The Purpose And Relevance Of The Grand Narrative, Brianna Hastry
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Scholars such as Jean-Francis Lyotard often disregard the grand narrative as far too broad to be considered an academic form of history. However, scholars such as Akhil Amar, NikoleHannah Jones, and Dorothy Ross prove otherwise. The grand narrative provides a broad perspective of historical events and answers philosophical questions that may appeal to the way society functions today and brings conversations to the table that may improve society overall. Admired and respected scholars use the grand narrative method to answer questions that add to society’s understanding of history, proving this method to be a useful and academic tool.
The Evolution Of A Myth: Romulus & Remus, Laura Haskell
The Evolution Of A Myth: Romulus & Remus, Laura Haskell
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Myths offer an explanation of something unknown, as is the case with Rome’s founding myth of Romulus and Remus. The first known record was written four hundred years afterward and survives only as a reference in later material. In each subsequent account from the first, authors contribute the influence of their time to grasp the imaginations of their audience and renew interest in days long past. In 2019, director Matteo Rovere molded the Romulus and Remus myth to suit a modern audience in his film Il Primo Re, using reconstructed Proto-Latin to create an immersive 8th-century experience. Comparing early accounts …
History As Debate: An Analysis Of Different Approaches To History, Bret Hackenson
History As Debate: An Analysis Of Different Approaches To History, Bret Hackenson
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Historical interpretation is the process by which historians analyze historical evidence and craft an explanation of the past. This essay explores unique interpretations of history, including Haskell Fain’s approach to history as science, George M. Trevelyan’s belief in history as education, Karl Marx’s historical materialism, and Alexis de Tocqueville’s comparative history. Comparing each of these approaches reveals that although historians may disagree on how history should be interpreted, each interpretation offers unique insights into historical questions that some historians might not have considered. This condition helps provide complete answers to these historical questions by considering all interpretations, whether they be …
Violence In Print: A Brief Look Into Violence Against Women As A Plot Device In Livy’S History, Caitlyn Foster
Violence In Print: A Brief Look Into Violence Against Women As A Plot Device In Livy’S History, Caitlyn Foster
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Ancient Rome was a vast empire with a rich culture that has fascinated people for generations. Much of what is known of the early days of Rome is thanks to the work of Titus Livius, a historian living in Rome during the first century CE. Livy, as he is more commonly known, wrote a comprehensive history of Rome, starting with its early mytho-history, detailing Roman legends about its founding and journey to empire. In this early history, Livy discusses many now famous women, however, he treats these women more as plot devices than as actual characters. Using Livy’s translated work, …
Gender, Biology, And Power: Social Constructions And Womanhood, Robert Cahill
Gender, Biology, And Power: Social Constructions And Womanhood, Robert Cahill
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
For decades, feminist scholars engaged in discourses surrounding women as a biological and social identity. Scholars unpacked normative ideas of womanhood and gender, often drawing very different conclusions from one another. They theorized that womanhood was a social construction to ensure their subservient status to patriarchal institutions. The line between biological and social identity was and still is contentious between scholars. Writers like Judith Butler, Caroline Smith-Rosenberg, and Natalie Zemon Davis analyzed gender constructs in both a theoretical and historical sense and formed their analysis in different ways. Their work breaks down how medical orthodoxies created biological ideas of womanhood …
The Political And Environmental Effects Of Oil In Nigeria, Hannah Whalen
The Political And Environmental Effects Of Oil In Nigeria, Hannah Whalen
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
The year 1956 represents a dramatic shift in economic development for the colony of Nigeria under British rule, for below the Niger Delta lay a rich resource that was yet to be discovered. Nigeria became a protectorate under Britain in 1901 and remained under British colonization until 1960. During the early years, the British pushed for exploration to discover and extract valuable natural resources, predicted to be present in the Niger region. Finally, in 1956, oil was discovered in Oloibiri, and since then oil has become a leading source of economic value in Nigeria. Big oil companies such as Shell …
Religiosity And Its Role In Academia: Hindrance Or Boon?, Sevil Usmanova
Religiosity And Its Role In Academia: Hindrance Or Boon?, Sevil Usmanova
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
No abstract provided.
The 1910 Cholera Outbreak: The Separate Realities Of Britain And India, Ian Rowe
The 1910 Cholera Outbreak: The Separate Realities Of Britain And India, Ian Rowe
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
No abstract provided.
Decolonization: The Impact, Or Lack Thereof, Of The End Of The British Empire On Mainland Britain, Caroline O'Neill
Decolonization: The Impact, Or Lack Thereof, Of The End Of The British Empire On Mainland Britain, Caroline O'Neill
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
No abstract provided.
The Humanism Of Dr. Peter Parker, Michael B. Holmes
The Humanism Of Dr. Peter Parker, Michael B. Holmes
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
No abstract provided.
A Global History Of Astrology: Changes In Astrological Trends Through The Centuries, Johanna Katharina Geremia
A Global History Of Astrology: Changes In Astrological Trends Through The Centuries, Johanna Katharina Geremia
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
The sky above has been the subject of deep intrigue since the beginning of humanity. Curiosity in celestial objects was just the start of the never-ending search for understanding life. People tracked the rising and setting of the sun, they studied the paths of the planets, they created mathematical calculations to predict an eclipse, and developed countless theories about the shape of the earth and universe. It seems to be a part of human nature to assign meaning to things, so trying to find meaning in the movements of celestial objects should be expected. Astrology is often seen as taboo, …
Battleground: How Rural Resentment Changed The Outcome Of The 2016 Election, Anthony Colace
Battleground: How Rural Resentment Changed The Outcome Of The 2016 Election, Anthony Colace
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
No abstract provided.
The French Colonial Enterprise, A Case Study On The Discourse Of Empire: Inspired By The Writings Of Tocqueville, Said, And Gordon, Michael Chrzanowski
The French Colonial Enterprise, A Case Study On The Discourse Of Empire: Inspired By The Writings Of Tocqueville, Said, And Gordon, Michael Chrzanowski
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
This essay explores the writings of Edward Said, Daniel Gordon, and Alexis de Tocqueville; each of these historians reflected on the concept of colonialism and its possible social, cultural, and political ramifications. Said is remembered as a prominent post-colonialist, and this is reflected in his criticism of European exoticization of the East in his book Orientalism. European notions of superiority, matched with a desire for intellectual accumulation of other cultures' knowledge, propelled colonialism forward in the nineteenth century. Alexis de Tocqueville's accounts on France's colonial mission challenge Said's notion of European superiority; Tocqueville was a civil servant, politician, and historian …
The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten
The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
If the dead will not stay dead, what can you count on? The better question may be: Why aren’t the dead staying dead? In this essay, I examine the draugr (pl. draugar), an undead creature of pagan Norse origin, as described before and after the adoption of Christianity in Iceland in 1000 CE. Featured prominently in pre-conversion folklore, the draugr often symbolized Icelandic fears of isolation, starvation, and darkness. However, The Sagas of Icelanders, written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, features a reimagined draugr. Intentionally, post-conversion draugar return from the dead in accordance with Catholic practice or lack …
The Theatrics Of Place: 18th C. Fantasy And George Iii At The Great Pagoda At Kew, Nicholas P. Fernacz
The Theatrics Of Place: 18th C. Fantasy And George Iii At The Great Pagoda At Kew, Nicholas P. Fernacz
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
This paper examines two sites of eighteenth-century architecture, The Great Pagoda in London’s Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, commissioned for King George III, and the Qianlong Emperor’s Western Palace complex at Yuanming Yuan 圆明园 in Beijing. By looking at architecture that transports the beholder through nonnative modeling, this paper investigates the virtual realities constructed in the foreign imagination. Methodologically based upon the architect’s, Sir William Chambers, own architectural treatises (On the Art of Laying out Gardens Among the Chinese and Dissertation on Oriental Gardening), and Jonathan Hay’s book Sensuous Surfaces: the Decorative Object in Early Modern China, this paper finds that …
The Rise And Fall Of Juan Domingo Peron: Fascism , Violence, And The Catholic Church In Twentieth-Century Argentina, Anne Francis Moore
The Rise And Fall Of Juan Domingo Peron: Fascism , Violence, And The Catholic Church In Twentieth-Century Argentina, Anne Francis Moore
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
In the 1920s and 1930s, the Catholic Church sought to increase its involvement in public life, politics, and social issue throughout Latin America. In Argentina, this desire led to the Churches involvement—both directly and indirectly—in a series of coups, revolutions, and counter revolutions. At the same time, a fascist, nationalist movement began to form in Argentina, inspired in part by European fascists, though distinct in its deep-seated connection with Catholicism. This ideological movement, called nacionalismo, often conflated fascism with Catholicism, and posited violence as the ultimate expression of these beliefs. Nacionalista religious violence would not fully actualize until decades …
Jefferson's Equality Inconsistencies, Thomas Corriea
Jefferson's Equality Inconsistencies, Thomas Corriea
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Thomas Jefferson’s own work, accounts from his family, and several sources concerning his relationship with notions of slavery and equality, show the inconsistencies in Jefferson’s ideas about equality. This can be solved by classifying them into two spheres: the political and personal. Although it was useful to classify his paradoxes into two spheres of thought, it became evident that the contradictions were not absolutely confined to them. Even within the spheres of the political and personal, Jefferson’s ideas and actions concerning equality were not consistent.
A Step Ahead Of Other Nations: The First American Ethnography And Implicit Biases, Charlotte Mills
A Step Ahead Of Other Nations: The First American Ethnography And Implicit Biases, Charlotte Mills
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
The publication of Bernardino de Sahagún’s Florentine Codex in 1576 has been considered the first American ethnography and an authoritative text compiled from Aztec survivors of the Spanish conquest. However, the period in which source research was conducted potentially allowed for cultural misinterpretation. By examining European histories, colonial agendas, early drafts, and the final manuscript itself, this publication takes on an increasingly biased and Europeanized perspective. While the Florentine Codex originated Western ethnography in the Americas, because of its inherent prejudices and assumptions, it should not be considered the sole authentic source of primary knowledge of pre-Conquest Mexico.
The Fisherman's Daughter, Edward Clifford
The Fisherman's Daughter, Edward Clifford
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
A historical fiction short story, The Fisherman’s Daughter seeks to present an imagined life of someone who experienced the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and 70s. Split into two parts, the story presents two snapshots of the protagonist’s life situated around an unseen tragedy. Along with various secondary sources, the most influential primary sources for this piece were Chen Rouxi’s The Execution of Mayor Yin, a collection of short stories, Feng Jicai’s Voice from the Whirlwind, a series of transcribed interviews, and Anchee Min’s Red Azalea, a memoir about the author’s experiences during the Cultural Revolution as well as …
The Family Business: How Political Dynasties Function In The United States Senate, Katherine Esten
The Family Business: How Political Dynasties Function In The United States Senate, Katherine Esten
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
Political families, or political dynasties, have existed in the United States Senate throughout American history. Despite changes in the electoral process through the passage of the 17th Amendment, political dynasties have remained prominent in American politics. The strength of political dynasties lies in the narrative the family presents. In early senatorial history, the narrative was framed by existing intra-state influence and patterns of class. However, after the introduction of popular election, the success of dynastic candidates ultimately depends on their ability to shape the narrative their family presents. Incorporating critical accounts of political dynasties both before and after the 17th …