History Commons^™

Totalitarian Science And Technology, Paul R. Josephson

Faculty Books

In Totalitarian Science and Technology Paul Josephson considers how physicists, biologists, and engineers have fared in totalitarian regimes. Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin relied on scientists and engineers to build the infrastructure of their states. The military power of their regimes was largely based on the discovery of physicists and biologists. They sought to use biology to transform nature, including their citizens, with murderous effect in Nazi Germany. They expected scientists to devote themselves entirely to the goals of the state, and were intolerant of deviation from state-sponsored programs and ideology. As a result, physicists, biologists, and engineers suffered from …

The Abnā' Al-Dawla: The Definition And Legitimation Of Identity In Response To The Fourth Fitna, John P. Turner

Faculty Scholarship

This article will reopen the question about the identity and provenance of the abnā' al-dawla. Who were they? When did they form as a collective and why? The standard view is that the abnā' al-dawla were the backbone of the Abbasid dynasty, coming into existence with that regime after the revolution circa 132/750 and consisting of the original fighters from Khurasan and their descendants, who formed an elite social and political structure of supporters. This privileged status accorded them the moniker abnā' al-dawla (sons/supporters of the dynasty).

Soviet History Reconsidered: The Reform Of Undergraduate History Teaching In Contemporary Russian Universities, Amy Hirschauer

Honors Theses

In my discussion, I will compare how the two universities have dealt with pressing social, financial and economic concerns. This will demonstrate not only the differences in how universities in Russia are dealing with these concerns, but also how a major university with a great deal of prestige in a large, cosmopolitan city can have much more trouble dealing with interpersonal political conflict than a smaller university in the interior, despite the fact that it receives substantially more financial support from the central government. This comparison provides a context for understanding the challenges present in teaching history, and shows how …

Collective Memory Of Vichy : Moulin, Pétain, And The Vél' D'Hiv', Kathryn W. Bondy

Honors Theses

Following World War II, European countries that had been devastated by the war slowly began the task of rebuilding. This reconstruction did not only involve the restoration of buildings and governments, but also of national psyches, as most European nations had recently experienced a traumatic period in their history. France was no exception. Since the liberation of Paris in August of 1944, France had been attempting to regain a sense of normality that it had not had under the World War II government of Vichy. As a result of signing an armistice with Germany on June 22, 1940, France was …

Civil War In Missouri: A Look At Confederate Guerrillas' Four-Stage Devolution, Drew Johnson

Honors Theses

Even before the Civil War broke out, pro-slavery and abolitionist groups were fighting for the future of slavery in the state of Missouri. Jayhawkers took the abolitionist cause into their own hands, and border ruffians did the same for slavery. When war eventually broke out, it was therefore fought by and against the people and characterized by guerrilla activity. Some of these guerrillas, like Quantrill and Anderson, had histories of criminal activities, whereas others, like the James brothers and Cole Younger, went on to further influence American history after the war. As the Union gained control of Missouri, Confederate guerrillas …

The Makhnovist Movement: Peasant Rebels As Anarcho-Communists In War-Torn Ukraine, Russell Young

Honors Theses

This study has shown that Nestor Ivanovich Makhno strove to implement an interpretation of anarchism that consciously catered itself to the peasantry's desires. The resulting governmental organization, military structure and arbitrary tendencies of his movement profoundly conflicted ideals of theoretically pure anarchy. These manifestations were, however, in full accord with the peasantry's conception of the valiant revolt leader, which was best exemplified by peasantry's collective memory of the rebel leaders Stenka Razin and Emelian Pugachev.

The Rise Of Russian Jewish Politics: Russian Anti-Semitism, And The Jewish Political Response At The End Of The Nineteenth Century, Eric N. Suchman

Honors Theses

This paper first examines the realities facing the Russian Jew on the Eve of the pogroms. From the optimism and liberalism of Jewish intellectuals, the decline of traditional Jewish life, and the socio-economic conditions of Russian Jewry, to the roots of popular anti-Semitism, this section provides valuable insight into the condition of the Jewish people who were about to experience the destructive and shattering events of 1881. Next, this paper considers the events of 1881 and the tsarist government's response to these events. Following the assassination of Alexander II, mobs of angry Russians attacked and looted thousands of Jewish homes …

Humanism And The Ignatian Spirit, Sam Atkins

Honors Theses

Humanism has often been associated with secular advancements and the opposite of religious dogma. However, the development of humanism in the sixteenth-century coincided with the rise of Saint Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that Ignatius shared many of the same goals as the humanists. Erasmus was the most famous humanists of the Renaissance. One of his principle objectives was to bring forth a revival of classical studies and an appreciation for their scholarship, rhetoric, and civic virtue. Analysis of Ignatius and the Jesuits reveals that they were influenced by the humanists and …

Elijah Parish Lovejoy The Man And The Myth, Scott Shirey

Senior Scholar Papers

The nation saw Lovejoy as representative of republican ideals; virtue. temperance. liberty, and self-sacrifice. Lovejoy had sacrificed his life for the Republic in defense of democratic values. Lovejoy was also a man who feared absolute power. It led him to despise Catholicism (under its Papal authority), fear immigration, and eventually despise the slaveholder. American's saw Lovejoy's stance against the mob as a truly republican act The Reverend Edward Beecher, President of Illinois College and close friend of Lovejoy, immediately recognized the significance of Lovejoy's death.

The Portrayal Of Enemies In Propaganda During The Russian And French Revolutions, Carole Reid

Senior Scholar Papers

This study investigates propaganda aimed at depicting "the enemy" during the Terror period of the French Revolution (1792-1794) and during the Revolutionary and Civil War periods in Russia (1917-1920). The two periods under consideration are congruous for several reasons. First, during each period the regime in control solidified its power and became more repressive in an effort to further its revolutionary agenda. Both the Jacobins and the Bolsheviks were minority groups who gained control of countries in transition, and each government believed that unity among the people was essential in order to lead their country forward. When the Jacobins gained …

Beyond The Threshold: Life In The New Russia, Amanda Sprang

Senior Scholar Papers

Amanda Sprang spent nine months, from September of 1995 to May of 1996, studying at Colby College's program in St. Petersburg, Russia. Through contacts made during previous trips to Russia in middle and high school, Amanda was able to quickly rekindle her old friendships and make new ones with many young Russians from different backgrounds. The following work is a collection of twelve essays about life in the New Russia. The essays are framed by a foreword and an epilogue that help place the entire work in a historical context. Although the theme of each essay emerges from a particular …

New Atlantis Revisited: Akademgorodok, The Siberian City Of Science, Paul R. Josephson

Faculty Books

In 1958 construction began on Akademgorodok, a scientific utopian community modeled after Francis Bacon's vision of a "New Atlantis." The city, carved out of a Siberian forest 2,500 miles east of Moscow, was formed by Soviet scientists with Khrushchev's full support. They believed that their rational science, liberated from ideological and economic constraints, would help their country surpass the West in all fields. In a lively history of this city, a symbol of de-Stalinization, Paul Josephson offers the most complete analysis available of the reasons behind the successes and failures of Soviet science--from advances in nuclear physics to politically induced …

The American Indian : The Creation Of A National Native American Heritage, 1880-1920, Brian A. Schwegler

Senior Scholar Papers

In this project I examine several of the ideological forces acting upon Native American cultures from 188Q..1920. During this period, Native Americans were subject to extraordinary pressure to assimilate, constituting a virtually bloodless war against traditional Native American identities. As a result the ideology of the majority society infiltrated Native American tribal groups and helped to break down the traditional borders of tribal identity. I focus on three major forces leading to the shift from traditional bounded identity to nebulous Pan-Indian identity. The first is the influence of the federal government and its policies, especially concerning Native American education. The …

Spies Like Us? : An Analysis Of Six 1980s Spy Films And The Images They Presented About The Cold War, Jason Bologna

Honors Theses

"Let us not be deceived--we are today in the midst of a cold war. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this: Our unrest is the heart of their success. The peace of the world is the hope and goal of our political system; it is the despair and defeat of those who stand against us" (Platt 48) . This passage was part of a speech delivered by Bernard M. Baruch before the South Carolina state legislature on April 16, 1947. The speech is significant because in using the term 'cold war,' Baruch …

Greek Shipping And The Crisis Of The 1980'S, James Eyre Mchugo

Senior Scholar Papers

In 1982, Greek shipping plunged into a severe crisis: the size of the fleet declined dramatically and over 30% of the fleet was laid-up. catapulting many shipping companies into bankruptcy. The causes of the crisis were: The world recession, leading to regulation, protectionism, subsidization. and the growth of new competition in the tramp shipping market. The erosion of the cost differential between Greek shipping and other maritime nations of the world. The specialization and containerization of the world fleet. The old age and other characteristics of the Greek fleet, which exacerbated the crisis. Greek shipping, with its long history and …

Iran; Nicaragua; Cuba; An Analysis Of Revolutions, Neil Moynihan

Honors Theses

Can these revolutions be explained by the withdrawal of the United States? It seems not. Can all three revolutions fit under any one theory of revolution? The answer here will probably also be: no; each theory, however, gives valuable hints about what aspects of each revolution one should analyze.

Maine And The Hartford Convention: The Impact Of The War Of 1812 On The Politics Of Maine And Massachusetts, Alan S. Taylor

Senior Scholar Papers

The question of why the New England Federalists failed to force a confrontation with the national government has been a continuing historical controversy. I feel that the vigorous stance of the New England Democratic-Republicans particularly in Maine (then a part of Massachusetts), to radical Federalist schemes acted to restrain their

opponents. In the final analysis my argument is that New England could not act without Maine. To paraphrase Federalist George Herbert of Ellsworth, on such a slender thread do the destinies of nations hang.

Maya: Five Hundred Years Later, Thomas A. Donahue

Senior Scholar Papers

I have been asked many times, during the course of this past year, what the topic of my Senior Scholar paper was to be. When I answer that I have chosen to study the Mayan Indians, the response is usually a rather uncomfortable silence, followed by such a question as, Who are they? I will admit, however, that the Indians of Southern Mexico and Guatemala do not make the headlines, or the sports page, in the Waterville Sentinel, on any sort of a daily basis. They do not take precedence over the bombing runs in Vietnam, or the exploits of …

Investigation Of The Form And Content Of The German Hörspiel, Adèle M. Hodgkins

Senior Scholar Papers

The German Hörspiel, is an art-form which we in America may not recognize. Commercialism in our radio system doesn't allow this type of art to prosper, for as far as plays are concerned, the only type that sponsors are able to "sell" to the majority of the public is the "soap opera". The average American tends to be too restless or busy to sit down and concentrate on a play he can only hear, especially when he could see and hear one on television. Those who would welcome and support a higher level radio play are obviously not enough in …

Remembered Maine, Ernest Cummings Marriner

Colby Books

No abstract provided.

Oxford Movement: Its Themes And Their Significance, Arthur B. Goyette

Senior Scholar Papers

In retrospective, the Oxford movement of nineteenth century England provides one with an interesting study of the struggles between the spiritual and secular worlds. However, repeated abstraction in an interpretation of its significance has tended to distort accurate understanding of its historical development. Often this also has resulted n a misinterpretation of the nature of its major themes and their significance to the world. For these reasons, this study has attempted to describe the origin, maturity, and dissolution of the series of events which strictly speaking may be considered to be the Oxford movement. In conclusion, liberty has been taken …

Kennebec Yesterdays, Ernest Cummings Marriner

Colby Books

A “social history of the Pine Tree State…especially…the Kennebec Valley” inspired by Marriner’s long-running Sunday evening radio program “Little Talks on Common Things,” broadcast by Waterville’s WTVL beginning in 1948.

From the foreword:

To my amazement I found hundreds of people interested in the social history of the Pine Tree State. Material has always poured in faster than I could use it. Out of trunks and boxes stored away in attics, came letters and diaries, account books and legal documents. Scrap books prepared by patient hands many decades ago were opened for my inspection. Yellowed newspapers, tied in neat bundles …

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 52): May 9, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 51): May 2, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 50): April 25, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 49): April 18, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 48): April 11, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 47): April 4, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 46): March 28, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964

The Waterville Mail (Vol. 59, No. 45): March 21, 1906, The Mail Publishing Company

The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine)

Continues The Eastern Mail (July 1847-August 1863).
Published weekly, September 4, 1863 - May 9, 1906.
Publishers: Maxham & Wing (1863 - December 2,1885); Ephraim Maxham (December 1885); Wing & Wing (January 1886 - March 21, 1891); Charles G. Wing (March 21, 1891 - April 17, 1891); Prince & Wyman (April 17, 1891 - February 26, 1896); The Mail Publishing Company (February 26, 1896 - May 9, 1906).
See Gerould, W.G.: American newspapers, 1821-1836; Whittemore, E.C.: Centennial history of Waterville.
Colby Libraries catalog record (CBBcat): http://cbbcat.net/record=b1209701~S19
WorldCat record (OCLC): http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10486964