History Commons^™

Cross- Cultural Exchange Between The Islamic World And Europe (Iznik Ceramic And Italian Maiolica As A Case Study), Boussy Zidan

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The word ceramic is a term taken directly from the western world. It had been used to define the pots crafted in tile technique. In the Ottoman records “Evanî” was used instead of ceramics and “Kaşî” for tiles. This paper deals with the history of pottery in the Islamic world and in Europe. Islamic world is represented by Iznik. Iznik, historically Nicaea, town in the northwestern of Turkey. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake İznik. In 1331 A.D, Nicaea was besieged and conquered by the Ottoman Turks, who renamed it İznik. On the other hand, European pottery …

The Contribution Of The Domesticated Camel And Advanced Irrigation Techniques (The Horizontal Well/Falaj System) To The Iron Age Economy And Settlement Patterns Of The Oman Peninsula And Arabia., Kamel Moussa ,Noha

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

Iron Age II is considered the classical period of the Iron Age (figure: 2^([1])). This period shows sudden increase in distribution and diversification in settlement pattern, in South-eastern Arabia ^([2]). The settlements during this period expanded to include inland ^([3]), mountains ^([4]) and coastal sites ^([5]). Settlements became more diverse to include non-residential architecture. An appearance of irrigation technology (Falaj) along with camel domestication coincides with this increase. This increase was accompanied by regional ^([6])(between the varied types of settlements) and …

Kamran Island In Yemen During The Islamic Era Cultural And Archaeological Study, Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Rahman

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Kamran Island is one of the most important and largest islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden because of its distinguished location. It overlooks the most important sea lanes in the world, which reach the east and west. It is one of the most important nature reserves. It is the Pearl of the Red Sea Islands. Kamran Island is considered one of the most important and largest Yemeni islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It administratively follows the province of Al-Hodeidah.

The island includes a variety of archaeological, religious, military and civil …

The Bagouria Barrage 1281 Ah / 1864 Ad:An Archaeological Architectural Study, Badr Abdelaziz

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The Bagouria Barrage is one of the most important establishments that were built in the field of irrigation engineering in the governorate of Menoufia during the reign of Khedive Ismail in 1281 AH/ 1864 AD. The Bagouria Barrage consists of five openings with semi-circular arches. It is noted that the Barrage arches are based on stone pillars separated from each other by openings equipped with iron gates used to open and close the barrage. On the left of the barrage, from the eastern side, there is a lock dedicated to the passage of ships and boats on the Bagouria …

The Collection Of Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Azov Museum-Reserve In Russia, Dr. Walid Ali Khalil, Irina Rudolfovna Gusach

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The Azov museum-reserve (Azov city, the Russian Federation) holds more than 1000 examples (intact ones and fragments) of clay tobacco pipes. All of them are from the excavations carried out on the territory of the former Ottoman fortress Azak (Azov old district) and its surroundings. Until recently, this archeological material has been left unstudied and has not been put into scientific use. The great bulk of finds (over 80%) are Muslim (Turkish) tobacco pipes. These are pipes made by the ceramics craftsmen on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire (Asia Monor, the Crimea, Balkans). They were widely used …

Agricultural Legislation And Its Impact On Economic Conditions In Africa During The Roman Era 146 Bc- 284 Ad, Salma Mohammed Husawi

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper presents a critical analytical study of agricultural legislation in the African state under Roman rule, with a review of the most important economic features of the state, and the role played by Romanian politics in the development of African economy. The Roman conquest of Africa in 146 BC brought great changes in various economic conditions in Africa, whether in agriculture, industry or commerce, However, African agriculture was the most economic field that experienced changes, where the Roman made several changes, regarding agricultural land-use and the expansion of agriculture and development of management and division into several types …

Waterways Utilisation In New Kingdom Warfare, Ola Fouad Elaboudy

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper tackles the question of waterways in ancient Egyptian military role during the New Kingdom. It aims to present a complete overview of the most important waterways: the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea, in an attempt to consolidate its role by analyzing the text sources and track the forms in which it was portrayed in military scenes, since so far there has been no study tackling their usage in military aspects. Hence, this paper tries to fill this research gap.

The researcher attempts to provide answers for several questions on the effect of waterways on New kingdom …

Three Unpublished Roman & Byzantine Coins From Oxyrhynchus, Mona Gabr Abd El Naby

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This article tackles studying and publishing three coins for the first time; two Roman and a single Byzantine, from the 2015 excavation of the Spanish Expedition in El-Bahnasa (ex. Oxyrhynchus) in Minya Governorate, Middle Egypt.

These three pieces carry the numbers: N.1173, N.1174 and N. 1175, and are preserved now in the Museum journal in El-Bahnasa, Hall 8. They could be respectively dated from approximately the 4^th century A.D. for the first two coins, unearthed in the site of High Necropolis, and from amidst 7^th century A.D., i.e. Late Byzantine till the dawn of the Arab Conquest …

The Cryptographic Cartouche Of Nectanebo Ii From The Great Temple Of Pr-Bastt, Mohamed Elbayoumi

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Rosenow refers to unusual cartouches discovered in the "Nectanebo II" temple at "Tell Basta" written in cryptographic form, and suggests that these cartouches may be for Nectanebo "Nxt-Hr-Hbt-mry-In-Hr-sA-BAstt".([1])However, the deities onto these cartouches are not the same. This notice attracted my attention to study these cartouches and other fragments that were found in the same area, comparing them with others belonging to the same king. Thus, the aim of this paper is to introduce the cryptography system([2]) that was used in writing these unique cartouches. Through this writing system, the paper interprets the religious and …

Aulos And Crotals In Graeco-Roman Egypt, Marwa El-Kady

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Aulos and crotals are two totally different musical instruments. Aulos is a wind instrument, while the crotals are of percussion type. They were preferably played in Egypt during the Graeco-roman period.

Aulos αὐλός was widely used in Graeco-roman Egypt and connected with cults of Egyptian deities like Bes, Hathor, Bastet and Harpocates; and Greek and Roman divinities like Dionysus (Bacchus), Athena (Minerva), and Apollo. This can be attested by historians, scenes, terra-cotta figurines and daily writings. However, the oboe (the double pipe musical instrument) had already been known in Pharonic Egypt and represented in many musical scenes in the …

Freedom Of Worship As Warranted In Islam - In Light Of Manuscripts And Documents (Historical And Archaeological Study), Boussy Zidan

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Recently, extremists entitled “ISIS” have been committing unusual behaviors, including persecution, severe punishment, killing, slanting, and burning people alive in the name of Islam. These aggressions are committed against non-Muslims, e.g. Christians and Yazidis, for no reason but believing in other creeds. Furthermore, they act as the exponent of Sunnah, persecuting Muslims of different sects as well. Thus, an inquiry emerges as follows: is the term "Human Rights" in general, and freedom of worship in particular, as principles, confined to mankind of Western origin, or is it rooted in Islam as a first handler? Proceeding on this paper; …

A Case Study Of Copper-Arsenic Ewer From The Egyptian Museum In Cairo, Egypt, Abeer Gharib, Manal Ahmed Maher

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En)This paper presents an analytical study and treatment of an Arsenical Copper ewer from old kingdom stored in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Examination and analysis were carried out by using optical microscopy (OM), metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results indicated that ewer was made of copper-arsenic alloy; it had intended black layer which referred to the fertile soil. The ewer was made by cold-working and the spout was joined mechanically; it has three layers of alteration products with various compositions and morphology covering the substrate of the alloy. …

Xkr (Kheker) Frieze In Ancient Egypt, Naglaa Fathy Shehab

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) A frieze is either a "frame / border" that involves a picture or "structure" that contains fragments and refers to a perception, imagination or idea. The Egyptian frieze is one of the most beautiful works of Egyptian civilization from the Early Dynastic Period until the end of the Late Period. The development of the imagination of the ancient Egyptian artist was inspired by his love of nature and his history and beliefs. He influenced the formation of different units, including the "friezes" in all fields of art, such as architecture or fine arts such as sculpture, engraving and drawing, …

The Rock Art Of The Saharan Atlas (Algeria): A Spatial Analysis Essay, Dr. Merouane Rabhi, Mr. Hocine Bellahreche Bellahreche

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Rock art represents one of the most important archaeological remains in the Algerian Saharan Atlas. The various classical attempts for its study and interpretation led to the proposal of a methodological framework based on the description and classification of this archaeological record in chronological stages. The spatial distribution of rock art in the landscape as well as the related geographical context required the application of new and innovative approaches such as spatial archaeology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The main goals of this paper are to illustrate the impact of the geographic, topographic and the environmental context on these …

The Dogs In Three Theban Private Tombs, Prof. Magda Abdalla

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) In ancient Egypt, it was known that dogs were considered as ones of several Canidae. Since predynastic period, dogs were the earliest animals to be known and pictured. The main point of this article is to reveal the difference in use between the dogs used in hunting and those seated under the chairs of their owners especially in three Theban private tombs( TT.Nr.21,20,154 ), where dogs were considered to be more than pets for their owners. Further we will try to answer the question: why dogs in many tombs were seated under the chairs of their owners?

(Ar)
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