History Commons^™

Gender Audits As An Input To Engender Governance: Vibhuti Patel, Professor Vibhuti Patel

Professor Vibhuti Patel

‘gender audit’ is referred to as ‘mainstreaming’ public policy, including legislation, regulations, allocations, taxation and social projects, from the point of view of their effect on the status of women in a given society. Gender audits also analyse the income and expenditures of the government from a gender perspective. The basic assumption of a gender audits is that public policy impacts differently on men and women. The variance stems from the different roles of women and men in the family and from the lower economic status of women. The purpose of gender audits is to lead to changes in public …

Bottom-Up Organizing In The Trades: An Interview With Mike Lucas, Ibew Director Of Organizing, Jeff Grabelsky

Jeffrey Grabelsky

[Excerpt] Like the bottom-up organizers who built the IBEW 100 years ago by traveling from city to city, working at their trade and preaching the union creed, Lucas has been around the block. From Florida to Oklahoma, Indiana to Tennessee, he worked from 1954 to 1959 as a member of the Laborers and Teamsters unions. He began his organizing career in the utility construction industry, and first volunteered his talents to the IBEW in 1960 by organizing the manufacturing workers at a new Studebaker plant in Bloomington, Indiana, which he had recently helped build as a union electrician. He served …

The Trial Of Queen Caroline And The Impeachment Of President Clinton: Law As A Weapon For Political Reform, Daniel H. Erskine

Daniel H. Erskine

This article explores the calculated use of legal mechanisms to impact national politics and the effect such utilization had on accomplishing deliberate political reform. In answering why political actors use legal procedures as political weapons and whether such use is effective, this paper analyzes two historical examples to illustrate that law as political weapon is extremely successful in accomplishing political change. In the early 1800’s, England’s King sought to defrock his politically radical heroine Queen Caroline through the parliamentary mechanism of a Bill of Pains and Penalties, which caused a flourish of public criticism and call for political revolution. Public …

Raising Freedom's Child: Black Children And Visions Of The Future After Slavery, Mary Niall Mitchell

Mary Niall Mitchell

The end of slavery in the United States inspired conflicting visions of the future for all Americans in the nineteenth century, black and white, slave and free. The black child became a figure upon which people projected their hopes and fears about slavery’s abolition. As a member of the first generation of African Americans raised in freedom, the black child—freedom’s child—offered up the possibility that blacks might soon enjoy the same privileges as whites: landownership, equality, autonomy. Yet for most white southerners, this vision was unwelcome, even frightening. Many northerners, too, expressed doubts about the consequences of abolition for the …

Pioneering Lobster Aquaculture In Rhode Island, Michael Rice

Michael A Rice

No abstract provided.

Esmonde Higgins In The Soviet Union, Terry Irving

Terence H Irving, Dr (Terry)

Esmonde Higgins visited the Soviet Union in 1920 and became a Communist, and in 1928 and began a process of disengagement from Communism. This chapter explores his reactions to the Soviet Union during those visits, in particular how he projected onto the Soviet system his own imagined world of socialist feelings. Back in Australia it was the bureaucratic and ruthless style of the party's leadership that cured him of his sentimentality about Communism and the Soviet system.

Introduction To At The Magistrate's Discretion: Sexual Crime And New England Law, 1636-1718, Abby Chandler

Abby Chandler

This dissertation is a comparative study of sexual crime trials in four New England jurisdictions: Essex County, Massachusetts, Plymouth Colony, The Province of Maine, and Rhode Island Colony. It argued that sexual crime trials could be used as a tool for studying the diverse and changing legal cultures of different regions within New England.

Whether morality or child support was under discussion, sexual intercourse outside of marriage threatened to disrupt the social and economic bounds of early modern society. Nevertheless, methods for addressing the issue varied widely in New England, depending on the jurisdiction in question. As a result, examining …

The Evolution Of Women's Rights In Inheritance, Kristine Knaplund

Kristine Knaplund

No abstract provided.

Refugee Camps In The Palestinian And Sahrawi National Liberation Movements: A Comparative Perspective, Randa Farah

Randa R Farah Dr.

Drawing on ethnographic field research, this analysis compares the evolution of refugee camps as incubators of political organization and repositories of collective memory for Palestinian refugees in Jordan and Sahrawi refugees of the Western Sahara. While recognizing the significant differences between the historical and geopolitical contexts of the two groups and their national movements (the PLO and Polisario, respectively), the author examines the Palestinian and Sahrawi projects of national consciousness formation and institution-building, concluding that Palestinian camps are “mapped” in relation to the past, while political organization in Sahrawi camps evidences a forward-looking vision.

Making Of A People: The Past 150 Years Of Civic Growth In Allen County, Indiana, Cheryl B. Truesdell

Cheryl B. Truesdell

The “Making of a People: the Past 150 Years of Civic Growth in Allen County, Indiana” grant brought together as partners the Allen County-Fort Wayne Historical Society, IPFW Center of Excellence: Mike Downs Center for Indiana Politics and Helmke Library, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. Together they provided documents related to Fort Wayne’s early government: Fort Wayne’s Annual Reports, Fort Wayne Ordinances and Codes, Allen County Election Return Books, and photographs of Fort Wayne’s early government for digitization.

Commemorating The Naksa, Evoking The Nakba, Leila Farsakh

Leila Farsakh

No abstract provided.

Organismal Natures, Devin Henry

Devin Henry

No abstract provided.

Vincentian Education: A Survey Of Its History, John E. Rybolt

John E Rybolt

St. Vincent de Paul did not specifically include works of education among the purposes of the Congregation of the Mission. Nevertheless he worked in many ways to foster the education of people and priests. His confreres continued this commitment to seminaries and other schools, particularly in overseas missions. Their quality was highly regarded. A review of Vincentian universities follows, together with an assessment of changes after the Second Vatican Council. These helped the Congregation to focus on St. Vincent's goal of service of the poor.

Two Unpublished Texts Concerning The Distribution Of The Vincentian Common Rules, 1658, John E. Rybolt

John E Rybolt

St. Vincent de Paul distributed the Common Rules for the Congregation of the Mission in 1658: in Latin for the priests, and in French for the others. Two brief unpublished texts, one in Italian and the other in Spanish, are from eyewitnesses to these events. These texts are transcribed, translated, and explained.

The Primitive Common Rules Of The Congregation Of The Mission, John E. Rybolt

John E Rybolt

The earliest Common Rules of the Congregation of the Mission, written by St. Vincent de Paul, have long been unrecognized. They are here published for the first time, in French and English, together with an explanation. These primitive rules are compared with the published rules of 1658.

Quarterly Data On The Categories And Causes Of Bank Distress During The Great Depression, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

No abstract provided.

'No Right To Judge': Feminism And The Judiciary In Third Republic France, Sara L. Kimble

Sara L Kimble

No abstract provided.

Fresh Networks: Science, Literature, Feminism, And Cultural Studies, Randall Knoper

Randall Knoper

No abstract provided.

Yick Wo Re-Revisited: Nonblack Nonwhites And Fourteenth Amendment History, Thomas W. Joo

Thomas W Joo

The 1886 Supreme Court case Yick Wo v. Hopkins is often viewed as a precursor of the racial civil rights era represented by Brown v. Board of Education. In fact, the case was primarily about economic rights. In a new article, Unexplainable on Grounds of Race: Doubts About Yick Wo, forthcoming in the Illinois Law Review, Professor Gabriel Chin argues that Yick Wo "is not a race case at all." I argue that it is a "race case" because the Court’s use of the Fourteenth Amendment to vindicate economic rights necessarily entangled economic rights with race--in an ultimately pernicious way. …

A Threat To Decency: “Degenerate Art” In Nazi Germany, Ann Taylor

Ann Connolly

As Europeans colonized the rest of the world between the 15th and 19th centuries, they encountered cultures and civilizations distinctly different from their own. These cultures were usually seen as “primitive,” “barbaric,” or “savage.” They tended to be either romanticized or demonized by the Europeans, but regardless of how these foreign cultures were portrayed, there was an unquestionable fascination with them. Over time, with the development of theories about genetics, evolution, psychology, and the rise of modern science in general, members of non-European cultures acquired the labels of “animals,” “degenerates,” and “sub-humans,” among others. The early 20th century saw the …

Race, Empire And Liberalism: Interpreting John Crawfurd’S History Of The Indian Archipelago, Gareth Knapman

Gareth Knapman

No abstract provided.

Orang-Utans, Tribes, And Nations: Degeneracy, Primordialism, And The Chain Of Being, Gareth Knapman

Gareth Knapman

Charles P. Daly's Gendered Geography, 1860-1890, Karen M. Morin

Karen M. Morin

The American Geographical Society (AGS) serves as a case study for considering the nature of “gendered geography” in the nineteenth-century United States. This article links the ideals and programmatic interests of the society—which were fundamentally commercial in nature—with the personal subjectivity of its chief protagonist, Charles P. Daly, AGS president from 1864 until his death in 1899. Daly is presented as an “armchair explorer” who shifted the focus of the society away from statistical representations of the world toward the action packed narrative descriptions of the world supplied by embodied explorers in the field. The gender dynamics associated with the …

Major League Baseball As Enron: The True Meaning Of The Mitchell Report, Mitchell J. Nathanson

Mitchell J Nathanson

Although the December 13, 2007 release of the Mitchell Report received attention for the names of the players included within, what was overlooked by many was the true import of the report: namely, the indictment of Major League Baseball itself as a corrupt entity. As such, the players identified as steroid abusers within the report were merely reflections of the larger, systemic problem that existed for decades within MLB rather than the problem in and of themselves. This article examines this revelation in detail.

The Institutional Dynamics Of Early Modern Eurasian Trade: The Commenda And The Corporation, Ron Harris

Ron Harris

The focus of this article is on legal-economic institutions that organized early-modern Eurasian trade. It identifies two such institutions that had divergent dispersion patterns, the corporation and the commenda. The corporation ended up as a uniquely European institution that did not migrate until the era of European colonization. The commenda that originated in Arabia migrated all the way to Western Europe and to China. The article explains their divergent dispersion based on differences in their institutional and geographical environments and on dynamic factors. It claims that institutional analysis errs when it ignores migration of institutions. It provides building blocks for …

Review Of Sophia Peabody Hawthorne: A Life, Volume I, 1809–1847 By Patricia Dunlavy Valenti, The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism By Megan Marshall, And Reinventing The Peabody Sisters Edited By Monika M. Elbert, Julie E. Hall, And Katharine Rodier, Lucinda Damon-Bach

Lucinda Damon-Bach

Book Review: A History Of The Eighth Circuit, Scott Dodson

Scott Dodson

This is a book review of Jeffrey Brandon Morris's "Establishing Justice in Middle America: A History of the Eighth Circuit" (U. Minn. Press 2008).

Human And Fundamental Rights And Duties In Portuguese Constitution. Some Reflections, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

The Portuguese Constitution (1976) came after a period of 48 years of authoritarianism and a closed society, in which some happy few enjoyed great privileges while the great majority of people were charged with heavy duties So, by a very understandable "law of human nature", the constituent law givers could not reasonably impose constitutionally many obligations, in an autonomous way. As rights and duties are the twin sides of the same coin, the juridical formulation under the sign of rights also implies obligations, related to those same rights. This is kinder and more pleasant to do by a liberating Constitution...

El Derecho Natural, Historia E Ideologia, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Intentemos retomar algunos hilos sueltos de discursos dispersos y con una nueva mirada analítica, procuremos ver una realidad sutil y huidiza: ese derecho natural que parece silencioso en nuestros días, y más silencioso aún en los discursos psitacistas: tanto en los pomposos como en los pseudo-rigurosos.

Princípio Republicano E Virtudes Republicanas, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

O presente artigo procura unir traços de aparente heterodoxia, recuperando, porém, paradigmas e tópicos que não são novos. Com efeito, nem as virtudes, nem a república, nem sequer a felicidade são novidades. O que talvez seja novo (new again) é o espírito de buscar outra vez as raízes, as fontes, para um intento de renovação do ambiente juspolítico. Somos naturalmente favorável a uma Constituição principial e valorativa, como a nossa. Mas parece-nos que há nela lugar a Virtudes (que já existem nela), e que a descoberta das Virtudes nas Constituições, e, logo, no Direito, é, afinal, um ovo de Colombo. …