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Articles 211 - 240 of 7654
Full-Text Articles in History
Tea As A Motivator For British Imperialism In China, Grayden R. Varisco
Tea As A Motivator For British Imperialism In China, Grayden R. Varisco
CAFE Symposium 2023
This poster is based on a research paper that sought to find out what influence the tea trade had on developments in Sino-British relations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Through research, the paper concluded that the strong British desire for tea influenced British attempts to change its relationship with China, as a more "open" China would lead to more and cheaper tea for Britain. Ultimately, this desire led to Britain flooding China with addictive, illicit opium, and waging the imperialistic Opium Wars against China.
The Development Of Uniforms And Equipment In Trench Warfare From 1914-1918, Katherine M. Tyson
The Development Of Uniforms And Equipment In Trench Warfare From 1914-1918, Katherine M. Tyson
CAFE Symposium 2023
The First World War was one of incessant destruction, but the birth of a new modernized era with an abundance of technological advancements. These advancements ranged from the introduction of the first ever tank, to the individual details that soldiers changed on their uniforms. The uniform is also a vehicle to express a soldier’s memories and experiences, preserving their story.
David Versus Goliath: The Power Of Weakness In Asymmetric Warfare—Lessons From History, Nicholas K. Petaludis
David Versus Goliath: The Power Of Weakness In Asymmetric Warfare—Lessons From History, Nicholas K. Petaludis
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Under what conditions do violent nonstate actors (VNA) succeed against states? Why does David sometimes beat Goliath? Since at least the time of Thucydides and the Peloponnesian Wars, the realist narrative in international relations measures power primarily in relative, coercive, and deterrent terms. Strong states should accordingly face fewer constraints and enjoy more options while pursuing their national interests. Unconventional warfare, and its subsets of terrorism and insurgency, should—given these circumstances, end in VNA failure. Sometimes, however, VNAs find success. By comparing the literature on historical and current case studies, I propose that a set of preconditions and two mechanisms …
The Rise Of Russian Peasant Witchcraft: A Response To Social Unrest In Imperial Russia, Katrina Sommer
The Rise Of Russian Peasant Witchcraft: A Response To Social Unrest In Imperial Russia, Katrina Sommer
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Imperial Russia became home to a unique form of witchcraft from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Combining its religious history, patterns of imperial expansion and governance, and social hierarchies, witchcraft accusations arose during especially troublesome economic and political times. Differing from eighteenth-century America Witchcraft trials, these trials were not only femicide. Targeting anyone who might subvert established social or cultural norms, these accusations often led to violent expungement, ending with a ritual of communal bonding.
Interpreting The Intentional Inaccessibility Of The Early Modern Roman Catholic Church, Kristen P. Quesada
Interpreting The Intentional Inaccessibility Of The Early Modern Roman Catholic Church, Kristen P. Quesada
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Many may wonder why, in the modern day, the Roman Catholic Church continues to incorporate Latin, a now barely extant language, into its canonic religious rituals and public services. However, to understand whether there is a latently malicious intent lurking beneath this esoteric tradition, we must look back to the 1545 Council of Trent, in which these traditions were first canonized. This choice on the part of the Catholic Church helped incense the Protestant Reformation’s criticisms against the Church for exclusivizing the very religion its followers were practicing. This paper investigates the origins of the Catholic Church’s suppressive practices against …
Lord Northcliffe And The Fall Of The Liberal Party, Jonathan Briffault
Lord Northcliffe And The Fall Of The Liberal Party, Jonathan Briffault
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
The decline of the Liberal Party following their 1906 triumph has prompted countless historical analyses. Despite their significant majorities, popular agenda, and divided opposition, the Liberal Party was unable to convert its support into political success. This paper suggests, through an analysis of the papers and writings of Lord Northcliffe, that the rise of New Journalism and, in particular, Lord Northcliffe’s dominance of the press, laid the foundation for the Liberal Party’s demise. Lord Northcliffe, through his monopolization of the press, offered a coherent and unified opposition to the Liberal agenda, successfully splintered the Liberal leadership, and guided the Conservative …
Soviet Commemoration And Myth-Making Of The Nazi Extermination Camps: Case Studies On Treblinka, Sobibór, And Majdanek, Isaac Bluestein
Soviet Commemoration And Myth-Making Of The Nazi Extermination Camps: Case Studies On Treblinka, Sobibór, And Majdanek, Isaac Bluestein
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
The Nazi extermination camps of Treblinka, Sobibór, and Majdanek, all located in Eastern Europe, are understudied, underdiscussed, and undermemorialized in public and scholarly memory. In this paper, I seek to conduct case studies of these three camps, their histories, and their commemoration efforts. Ultimately, four main factors prevented these camps from achieving the solemn recognizability they deserve and from having their victims’ stories adequately told; little remains of these camps compared to concentration camps in Germany, fewer individuals survived them to emphasize their importance, the Soviet Union possessed near complete control of their study and commemoration, which allowed for them …
“This Little Patch Of Earth Is Inexhaustible”: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner And The Outdoors Movements, Erica Evans
“This Little Patch Of Earth Is Inexhaustible”: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner And The Outdoors Movements, Erica Evans
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on the influence of reform movements and hiking and mountaineering organizations on the life and work of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. I explore how principles of these outdoors movements, including a healthy mind/body connection and rustic lifestyle, inform Kirchner’s works created while living in Davos, Switzerland.
Airplane Hangars And Triple Hills: Renovation, Demolition, And The Architectural Politics Of Local Belonging At The Our Lady Of Csíksomlyó Hungarian National Shrine, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Airplane Hangars And Triple Hills: Renovation, Demolition, And The Architectural Politics Of Local Belonging At The Our Lady Of Csíksomlyó Hungarian National Shrine, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Journal of Global Catholicism
In 2019, Pope Francis, leader of the global Catholic Church, celebrated an outdoor Mass at the Our Lady of Csíksomlyó Hungarian national shrine in Romania. When the Franciscan Order that runs the shrine published renovation plans for the altar where the pope would appear, the Facebook post received over 800 outraged comments, including one man who asked, “How can such a beautiful Hungarian symbol, so perfectly integrated into the landscape, be humiliated like this?” By situating these expressions of outrage in the history of Eastern European material politics, I argue that the aesthetic value the commentators were defending – a …
The Parish Choir Movement And Generational Festivals In Romania’S Socialist Period: New Community Festivities In Transylvania’S Gheorgheni (Gyergyó) Region, Eszter Kovács
Journal of Global Catholicism
Among the post-1945 East European socialist regimes, Romania and Poland were the only countries where the Catholic Church—despite government interventions, controls, and bans—managed to play a significant social and political role in community life. This case study provides an ethnographic description of the parish choir movement and graduating class reunions, called “generational festivals” in Hungarian, in the Gheorgheni (Hu: Gyergyó) region in the 1970s and 1980s. The gatherings will be analyzed in the context of everyday life, the socialist system’s distinctive shortage economy, and official limits on religious activity that characterized the era. I will first describe the world of …
Overview & Acknowledgments, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Overview & Acknowledgments, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Journal of Global Catholicism
No abstract provided.
Characterization And The Aesthetic Representation Of Violence In The Graphic Novel "Esperaré Siempre Tu Regreso", By Jordi Peidro, Deirdre Kelly
Characterization And The Aesthetic Representation Of Violence In The Graphic Novel "Esperaré Siempre Tu Regreso", By Jordi Peidro, Deirdre Kelly
Books/Book Chapters
The graphic novel, Esperaré siempre tu regreso (2016, Desfiladero Ediciones) by the author and illustrator, Jordi Peidro (Alcoy, 1965), is a biographical and historical text that centres on the life in exile of Francisco Aura Boronat (or Paco Aura, Alcoy, 1918-2018), a Spanish communist and Republican who survived the horrors of the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. Drawing on comics studies and memory studies, the analysis will discuss how Peidro navigates ethical and aesthetic issues when representing traumatic and violent memories related to the Spanish experience of Civil War, exile and deportation to a Nazi concentration camp. Firstly, it will …
Engl 157: Great Works Of Global Literature, Scott R. Kapuscinski
Engl 157: Great Works Of Global Literature, Scott R. Kapuscinski
Open Educational Resources
Syllabus for a general education course bringing together celebrated texts by Joseph Conrad, Chinua Achebe, Bessie Head, and Marjane Satrapi. Survey of perspectives beginning during the "scramble for Africa" via Conrad, through postcolonial writers Achebe and Head, and finally making a connection via dehumanization to Orientalism and undoing monocultural presumptions in the near East through Satrapi's Persepolis.
Architecture In Berlin: Developing A New German Identity During The Weimar Republic, Samuel Roy
Architecture In Berlin: Developing A New German Identity During The Weimar Republic, Samuel Roy
Honors Theses
In my honors thesis project, I will be analyzing architectural developments in Berlin from the late nineteenth century and up until the end of the Weimar Republic. I will analyze why such developments occurred and will explain the historical background of German society to better explain to uninformed readers. Some of the new architectural styles and forms I will be discussing include expressionism and naturalism, and the prominent architects whose works will be most thoroughly analyzed include Erich Mendelsohn, Bruno Taut, and Walter Gropius, all who helped to lead the search in finding new architectural styles. I’ve chosen these three …
Fostering Communist Elites: Cold War Czechoslovakia's Foreign Student Program, Emily Hackett
Fostering Communist Elites: Cold War Czechoslovakia's Foreign Student Program, Emily Hackett
Slavic Studies Honors Papers
During the Cold War, educational policy became a strategic and consequential avenue of soft power. Countries on both sides of the East-West divide developed travel and study exchanges to cultivate relationships with other countries, and to prepare future generations for work in an increasingly internationalized world. Despite supporting a fear of foreigners and isolating people from travel outside of the Communist bloc, the Soviet Union sponsored select students from other countries to study in its institutions of higher education.
This thesis aims to provide insight into the structure and events of the Czechoslovak foreign student program with the Soviet Union …
Black October: The Migration Of Black Americans To The Soviet Union In The Interwar Period, Alice Volfson
Black October: The Migration Of Black Americans To The Soviet Union In The Interwar Period, Alice Volfson
Slavic Studies Honors Papers
Through an in-depth look at first-person accounts, primary documents, and archival research, this project broadens the scope of information available about the interwar migration of Black Americans to the Soviet Union for agricultural, industrial, and artistic initiatives which helped advance the Socialist Project. These men and women had different motivations for their emigration stemming from racial solidarity with various Soviet peoples, economic reasonings, and safety from American racism. This paper hopes to bring to life the stories of those whose legacies have been lost to history by uncovering their lives under communism, their achievements and recognitions, and that of their …
From Solidarity To Shock Therapy: Examining The Role Of Neoliberalism In The Transition From Socialism To Capitalism In Poland, Benjamin Murphy
From Solidarity To Shock Therapy: Examining The Role Of Neoliberalism In The Transition From Socialism To Capitalism In Poland, Benjamin Murphy
History Honors Papers
No abstract provided.
The Other Side Of The Coin: Russification Practices And Perestroika Policies (1985-1991), Lev Pushel
The Other Side Of The Coin: Russification Practices And Perestroika Policies (1985-1991), Lev Pushel
History Honors Papers
No abstract provided.
Merchants Of Blood And Gunpowder: The English Arms Trade In West Africa, Jaime K. Schneider
Merchants Of Blood And Gunpowder: The English Arms Trade In West Africa, Jaime K. Schneider
Honors Theses
The period between 1500 and 1650 saw the development of a transoceanic trade network, multiple European colonial empires in the Americas, and rapid developments in firearms technology. Combined, these factors laid the groundwork for two interrelated phenomena, the transatlantic slave trade, and the emergence of a global trade in arms. Examining the documents of the Royal African Company and assembling a broad selection of secondary sources, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate over the role of slavery in the development of modern capitalism. This paper argues that the transatlantic slave trade was vital for the development of …
Jewish Presence In The Venetian Empire: A Challenge To Venetian Mythology, Avery Rosensweig
Jewish Presence In The Venetian Empire: A Challenge To Venetian Mythology, Avery Rosensweig
Honors Theses
This paper attempts to explain the significance of Jewish presence in the Venetian Empire in the context of the myth of Venice. Jews were officially permitted to settle in Venice in 1516, but their connection with the Venetian Empire goes further back. Jews were important for the success of the Venetian Empire, particularly from the sixteenth century onward. The permanent settlement of the Jews in Venice directly impacted the very ideology of the Venetian Empire.
Although the phrase "myth of Venice" was developed by twentieth-century historians, Venetians perpetuated the myth and wove its ideals into the foundation of the Venetian …
Global Issues In A Globalized World: The Unescapable Dialogue Between SharīʿA And The Constitution, Paolo Davide Farah
Global Issues In A Globalized World: The Unescapable Dialogue Between SharīʿA And The Constitution, Paolo Davide Farah
Book Chapters
In an increasingly globalized world, a world in flux, which is constantly subject to rapid circulation of information, change is a dimension that we all experience in our lives with ever increasing frequency. Change, be it that of customs and fashion or that of laws and systems of government, is something which now seems impossible to escape. Change is an integral part of our unstable contemporaneity.
This is not only a continuous change but also a rapid one. In such a social and political environment, at a global and local level, it is more and more difficult to find a …
Away From Home: William Gifford Palgrave's Letters From India, 1847-1848, David E. Latane
Away From Home: William Gifford Palgrave's Letters From India, 1847-1848, David E. Latane
English Publications
William Gifford Palgrave (1826-1888) became one of the great Victorian travelers, immortalized in a poem by Alfred Tennyson, “To Ulysses,” in 1888. The letters transcribed here are the record of his first voyage outward in 1847 as an Ensign in the 8th Bombay regiment of native infantry, just after his graduating with a First from Oxford. The letters are found in volume 5 of the Palgrave papers (British Library Add. MS 45738). The first letter is to his mother, dated 28 January 1847 from “Off Cape Mondego” in Portugal, and it describes life on board an outbound steamer. The last …
The Wehrmacht Experience In World War Ii, Tyler Masterson
The Wehrmacht Experience In World War Ii, Tyler Masterson
Theses
German soldiers who were in the Wehrmacht during World War II faced many different experiences from the beginning of the war when it seemed they were in control to later parts of the war were they were being driven back by the Allies. Along with the different experiences from different times of the war, they also faced different experiences when it came to what front they were fighting on. Fronts and theaters that stretch from North Africa and the Mediterranean Campaign to Eastern Europe and Russia to Western Europe. When it comes to the troops that were fighting in the …
The Women Of Salò: Roles And Expectations In The Italian Social Republic, Johnathon N. Keller
The Women Of Salò: Roles And Expectations In The Italian Social Republic, Johnathon N. Keller
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
This thesis aims at investigating the national discourse around women in the Italian Social Republic (RSI) in three distinct spaces: urban, family, and rural. During the RSI, women were primarily constructed as one of three symbols: exemplary wife and mother, militant woman citizen, and woman soldier. The re-emergence of the urban, working-class woman was accelerated by the socializzazione program and the crisis the Italian nation faced. The RSI saw a shift away from family planning and a new emphasis was placed on family assistance and care of the existing young. Finally, during the RSI, rural spaces, central during the 1930s …
Slides On Thomas More's Warning To Readers, Travis Curtright
Slides On Thomas More's Warning To Readers, Travis Curtright
Printing and the Book During the Reformation: 1450-1650, an NEH Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers
Slides on Thomas More's Warning to Readers, from A Treatise on the Passion (1534)
Premodern British Literature And The History Of The Book, Travis Knapp
Premodern British Literature And The History Of The Book, Travis Knapp
Printing and the Book During the Reformation: 1450-1650, an NEH Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers
Book history syllabus for university literature course
Hands-On Activity: Learning About Literacy In The Early Modern World, Andrea Wenz
Hands-On Activity: Learning About Literacy In The Early Modern World, Andrea Wenz
Printing and the Book During the Reformation: 1450-1650, an NEH Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers
Lesson plan activity for use in an introductory course on the Reformation or Pre- Modern/Early Modern Europe.
Student Handout: Early Modern Readers And Thomas More’S Treatise On The Passion, Travis Curtright
Student Handout: Early Modern Readers And Thomas More’S Treatise On The Passion, Travis Curtright
Printing and the Book During the Reformation: 1450-1650, an NEH Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers
Lesson Plan and Handout for Thomas More's Warning to Readers, from his Treatise on the Passion
The Red Vienna Sourcebook, Matthew P. Berg
The Red Vienna Sourcebook, Matthew P. Berg
2023 Faculty Bibliography
No abstract provided.
Public Health And The Politics Of Haussmannization In Nineteenth-Century Paris, 1830-1870, Mikaela Malsy
Public Health And The Politics Of Haussmannization In Nineteenth-Century Paris, 1830-1870, Mikaela Malsy
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Throughout the Second Empire, Napoléon III and his Prefect of the Seine, Georges Haussmann, engaged in a series of urban reform projects that transformed Paris. These projects, often collectively referred to as Haussmannization, entailed the construction of boulevards, expansion of the sewer system, and clearance of what the state considered insalubrious housing. This term was largely prescribed to worker-class housing and used as a medical justification to target and destroy working-class communities. However, as this paper discusses, the understanding of insalubrity was shaped by hygienists' pathologization of poverty, crime, and working-class militancy in response to the arrival of cholera and …