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Articles 31 - 60 of 146
Full-Text Articles in History
Our Rebellious Neighbors : Virginia's Border Counties During Pennsylvania's Whiskey Rebellion, Kevin T. Barksdale
Our Rebellious Neighbors : Virginia's Border Counties During Pennsylvania's Whiskey Rebellion, Kevin T. Barksdale
Kevin T. Barksdale
Focuses on the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania, and its impact on the Virginia counties of Ohio, Harrison and Monongalia. Background on the Whiskey Rebellion; Concerns over the frontier dynamics occurring in Appalachian Virginia following the rebellion; Reaction from Pennsylvanians following the passage of the excise tax in March 1791.
Appalachia’S Borderland Brokers: The Intersection Of Kinship, Diplomacy, And Trade On The Trans-Montane Backcountry, 1600-1800, Kevin T. Barksdale
Appalachia’S Borderland Brokers: The Intersection Of Kinship, Diplomacy, And Trade On The Trans-Montane Backcountry, 1600-1800, Kevin T. Barksdale
Kevin T. Barksdale
This paper and accompanying historical argument builds upon the presentation I made at last year’s Ohio Valley History Conference held at Western Kentucky University. In that presentation, I argued that preindustrial Appalachia was a complex and dynamic borderland region in which disparate Amerindian groups and Euroamericans engaged in a wide-range of cultural, political, economic, and familial interactions. I challenged the Turnerian frontier model that characterized the North American backcountry as a steadily retreating “fall line” separating the savagery of Amerindian existence and the epidemic civility of Anglo-America. On the Turnerian frontier, Anglo-American culture washed over the Appalachian and Native American …
Violence, Statecraft, And Statehood In The Early Republic : The State Of Franklin, 1784–1788, Kevin Barksdale
Violence, Statecraft, And Statehood In The Early Republic : The State Of Franklin, 1784–1788, Kevin Barksdale
Kevin T. Barksdale
In December 1784, a small contingent of upper Tennessee Valley political leaders met in Washington County, North Carolina's rustic courthouse to discuss the uncertain postrevolutionary political climate that they believed threatened their regional political hegemony, prosperity and families. The Jonesboro delegates fatefully decided that their backcountry communities could no longer remain part of their parent state and that North Carolina's westernmost counties (at the time Washington, Sullivan and Greene counties) must unite and form America's fourteenth state.
“Facing East” From Iberian America: Postrevolutionary Spanish Policies In The Southwestern Backcountry, 1783-1792, Kevin T. Barksdale
“Facing East” From Iberian America: Postrevolutionary Spanish Policies In The Southwestern Backcountry, 1783-1792, Kevin T. Barksdale
Kevin T. Barksdale
Following the American Revolution, the new United States government and its citizenry greedily cast their eyes westward across the expansive trans-Appalachian frontier. The contest between the region’s native peoples, Anglo-American westerners, and Spanish colonists for the trans-Appalachian West began long before the first shots of the Revolution were fired at Lexington & Concord. From the near perpetual regional Indian warfare to the diplomatic maneuverings of Euroamerican backcountry leaders, the struggle to control the land the Indians called the “western waters” defined borderland relations for most of the 18th century. Historians have devoted a great deal of scholarly energy to chronicling …
Mr. Taney’S ‘Capital Gap’: Charting The Growth Of The Federal Colony System, 1789-1960, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Mr. Taney’S ‘Capital Gap’: Charting The Growth Of The Federal Colony System, 1789-1960, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
When Chief Justice Roger Taney conceded the existence of ‘colonies … established and maintained’ by the federal government, albeit denying ‘power given’ in the Constitution, he had the corpus of American history to contend with. The ‘capital gap,’ as OCL defines it, supplies several measures: the balance of power between regions, the remaining inventory of nascent (ready to be made) states (=territories), the remaining inventory of available territories in gross or subdividable, and for the latter two, the net of these inventories on a regional basis. Taney’s opinion, in this fourth in a series, rises or falls on the historical …
The Imperial Semicolon Holds Court At Il Ristorante Beauflanx, Selections From Story Conquers, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Imperial Semicolon Holds Court At Il Ristorante Beauflanx, Selections From Story Conquers, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Alaska Territory, July, 1947, Il Ristorante Beauflanx: At a dinner party the assembly turns its attention to the Imperial semicolon, citation to works published before the reign of Otto III, and the competing virtues of the double (“) vs. the single (‘) quotation mark. Dydo Barclay presides. Orthographically correct footwear does not make its appearance, however.
Table Annexed To Article: Mr. Madison Counts The Debates Of ‘The People In Their Conventions’, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Mr. Madison Counts The Debates Of ‘The People In Their Conventions’, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Madison referred to the ‘sense’ of the Constitution as the ‘sense attached to it by the people in their conventions.’ OCL tables the availability of that ‘sense’ as a resource through the publication (or lack thereof) of ratification convention journals and debates.
Table Annexed To Article: Appraisives In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Appraisives In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The vocabulary of the federal constitution includes appraisives such as ‘needful’, ‘comfort’ and ‘good.’ These are words employed when the writer is making a value judgment and wants the reader to know that a judgment has been made at the time of the communicative act. In addition, these words can be employed when the writer permits, commands, or prohibits the reader’s conduct in the future. Appraisives used in the Early Constitution are surveyed.
The Pasha's Gift: How The Few Benefit The Many By Arguing About The Perfect World, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Pasha's Gift: How The Few Benefit The Many By Arguing About The Perfect World, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
We know that process matters (for the wrong reasons) because participants in the process of organizing future process (such as a convention organizing a congress) will seek to ‘game’ the process. But does why the legislative (second-named) process exist at all? The presumption of rejection asserts that the many are jealous of the few; so how can the few overcome the presumption? The net social benefit conferred by the few is investigated and the Pasha’s search for answers requited.
Stop, Look And Lament: Jeremy Bentham Explains The Texture Of The Bill Of Rights, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Stop, Look And Lament: Jeremy Bentham Explains The Texture Of The Bill Of Rights, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Words, phrases and sentences devoted to if … then … or provided that or but or as will not cue restraints, which enhance or diminish the force of commands and permissions, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, prohibitions, in the Early Constitution. Bentham and Madison are surveyed to mine an explanation for variance in texture of the Bill of Rights (1789) as opposed to the Philadelphia Constitution (1787) and the two amendments (1795, 1804) which complete the Corrective Constitution.
Classifying Our Constitution: Amendments Thirteen Through Twenty-Seven In Ctu Format With Word Counts, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Classifying Our Constitution: Amendments Thirteen Through Twenty-Seven In Ctu Format With Word Counts, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Amendments Thirteen through Twenty-Seven are presented in CTU format with word counts to establish word placement. Amendments are grouped by purpose and various versions of the federal constitution are compared and named.
Table Annexed To Article: The Decline Of Virginia’S Voting Strength In Congress, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: The Decline Of Virginia’S Voting Strength In Congress, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The voting strength of the original thirteen states declined as new states entered the Union and population moved west. OCL tables the changes in Virginia’s congressional delegation. The information backgrounds Sen. Calhoun’s speech (March 4, 1850) against the Compromise of 1850.
Dr. Franklin's Dilemma: Per Capita Meets Per Stirpes At The Federal Convention, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Dr. Franklin's Dilemma: Per Capita Meets Per Stirpes At The Federal Convention, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
At the federal convention, Benjamin Franklin highlighted the difference between the two voting regimes which divide the logical possibilities between them: per capita and per stirpes. Franklin forced the convention to consider what process was best designed to overcome the presumption of rejection by which assemblies are deemed to have rejected action.
The War Between The Stats: An Introduction To Taney’S Regrets, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The War Between The Stats: An Introduction To Taney’S Regrets, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The decade of the 1850’s, leading up to Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857), saw Americans debate the ‘war between the stats.’ OCL presents the third in its series of articles analyzing the mathematical logic of new state-making. Taney’s focus on the war between the stats explains Dred Scott, OCL suggests, as much as his inveterate racism, and, therefore, grounds any scholarly explanation of the coming war between the states.
Appraisives In The Early Constitution: An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Appraisives In The Early Constitution: An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The vocabulary of the federal constitution includes appraisives such as ‘needful’, ‘comfort’ and ‘good.’ These are words employed when the writer is making a value judgment and wants the reader to know that a judgment has been made at the time of the communicative act. In addition, these words can be employed when the writer permits, commands, or prohibits the reader’s conduct in the future. Appraisives used in the Early Constitution are surveyed.
The Decline Of Virginia’S Voting Strength In Congress, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Decline Of Virginia’S Voting Strength In Congress, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The voting strength of the original thirteen states declined as new states entered the Union and population moved west. OCL tables the changes in Virginia’s congressional delegation. The information backgrounds Sen. Calhoun’s speech (March 4, 1850) against the Compromise of 1850.
Who Were The Superfounders? And Why Does It Matter?, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Who Were The Superfounders? And Why Does It Matter?, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Thirty-two of the fifty-five delegates who attended the federal convention went on to attend a ratifying convention; twenty-five are Yes-Founders and one, Gov. Edmund Randolph, won his ‘SuperFounder’ status at the Virginia Ratifying Convention. Never before surveyed as a group, the table annexed names the SuperFounders and details their opposite numbers, the No-Founders.
Table Annexed To Article: The Crittenden Amendment: The Key To American History, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: The Crittenden Amendment: The Key To American History, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
“Whereas, serious and alarming dissensions have arisen between the Northern and Southern States,” the Crittenden amendment (1860-1861) proposed “constitutional provisions, which shall do equal justice to all sections, and thereby restore to the people that peace and good will which ought to prevail between all the citizens of the United States.” So what was wrong with the 5,224 words of the federal constitution that these 1,348 words were going to fix?
An Analytical Study Of 'Sanskrit' And 'Panini' As Foundation Of Speech Communication In India And World, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr
An Analytical Study Of 'Sanskrit' And 'Panini' As Foundation Of Speech Communication In India And World, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr
Ratnesh Dwivedi
samskrtam or for short sanskrit or samskrtā vāk is an ancient sacred language of bharatavarsha that is the language of Hinduism and the Vedas and is the classical literary language of India. The name Sanskrit means "refined", "consecrated" and "sanctified". It has always been regarded as the 'high' language and used mainly for religious and scientific discourse. There are still hundreds of millions of people who use Sanskrit in their daily lives, but despite these numbers, its cultural worth is unsurpassed. The language name samskrtam is derived from the past participle saṃskṛtaḥ 'self-made, self-done' of the verb saṃ(s)kar- 'to make …
[Review Of The Book William Johnson’S Natchez: The Ante-Bellum Diary Of A Free Negro], Nick Salvatore
[Review Of The Book William Johnson’S Natchez: The Ante-Bellum Diary Of A Free Negro], Nick Salvatore
Nick Salvatore
[Excerpt] To raise this issue of Johnson's silences and social isolation is not to engage in historical pity. He made choices from the options available to him and suffered the consequences as they developed. But his history underscores the fact that slavery generated a corresponding social system that was unforgiving to the individual caught in its contradictory currents. As Michael P. Johnson and James L. Roark suggest in Black Masters, their sensitive study of another slave owner and ex-slave, William Ellison of South Carolina, a purely personal solution to such volatile social relations proved impossible. What bound William Johnson to …
[Review Of The Book For Democracy, Workers, And God: Labor Song-Poems And Labor Protest, 1865-95], Nick Salvatore
[Review Of The Book For Democracy, Workers, And God: Labor Song-Poems And Labor Protest, 1865-95], Nick Salvatore
Nick Salvatore
[Excerpt] In this slim book, Clark D. Halker raises a series of complex and interrelated issues. Focusing on some 4,000 song-poems that appeared in the labour press in the late 19th century, Halker states that his purpose is to "expand knowledge of the musical and poetic history of the American working class;" to use these song-poems and their poets as "a lens into the larger world of Gilded-Age workers and labor protest;" and more specifically to examine the contours of a "movement culture" that, he acknowledges (14), was never coterminous with the whole of the working-class cultural experience. The result …
[Review Of The Book Icons Of Democracy: American Leaders As Heroes, Aristocrats, Dissenters And Democrats], Nick Salvatore
[Review Of The Book Icons Of Democracy: American Leaders As Heroes, Aristocrats, Dissenters And Democrats], Nick Salvatore
Nick Salvatore
[Excerpt] Icons of Democracy is a welcome change from the rather arid, often quantified analyses of political leadership so prevalent in academic writing. Well read in both primary and secondary sources, Miroff has deeply grounded his ideas in the rich historical context. In addition, he carefully chose his subjects and drew from their experiences central themes which, in divergent fashion, they also held in common. The resulting collective biography engages and challenges the reader. While partial to leaders in the dissenting tradition (they are "our true subversives and at times our truest democrats"), Miroff consistently points to the complexity of …
[Review Of The Book Perspectives On American Labor History: The Problems Of Synthesis], Nick Salvatore
[Review Of The Book Perspectives On American Labor History: The Problems Of Synthesis], Nick Salvatore
Nick Salvatore
[Excerpt] Over the past two decades many claims have been made for what was once called the "new" labor history. Deeply influenced by European scholarship (especially by the British historian, E. P. Thompson) and by writings in cultural anthropology and sociology, this new history seemed to sweep all before it. In a tumble of discrete community studies and precise examinations of individual strikes lay the foundation of the new history's critique of the work of John K Commons and his associates, who had stressed an institutional analysis of labor's growth and development within a liberal, democratic capitalist society. In studying …
Review Of Next To Godliness: Confronting Dirt And Despair In Progressive Era New York City, Mark Tebeau
Review Of Next To Godliness: Confronting Dirt And Despair In Progressive Era New York City, Mark Tebeau
Mark Tebeau
Review of Next to Godliness: Confronting Dirt and Despair in Progressive Era New York City by Burnstein, Daniel Eli.
"Incinerating Agent Orange: Operations Pacer Ho, Pacer Ivy, And The Global Legacies Of The Chemical War, Edwin Martini
"Incinerating Agent Orange: Operations Pacer Ho, Pacer Ivy, And The Global Legacies Of The Chemical War, Edwin Martini
Edwin A. Martini
Most studies of Agent Orange to date focus either on the wartime use of herbicides or the long-term consequences of that use after the war was over. Lost in that narrative gap is the story of what happened to the 2.4 million gallons of Agent Orange still in possession of the U.S. military after its use had been banned in 1971. In addressing this surplus supply during Operations Pacer IVY and Pacer HO, the U.S. Air Force was forced to navigate a host of new challenges that had sprung up in the decade since the start of the war in …
Table Annexed To Article: Text Of Early State Bills Of Rights, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Text Of Early State Bills Of Rights, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The thirteen newly-organized colonies (states) began to adopt Bills of Rights. These are presented in Constitutional Text Unit format and analyzed.
Table Annexed To Article: Dual Office Holding / Status Acquisition In The Federal Constitution: The Logic Of Aspirations Introduced, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Dual Office Holding / Status Acquisition In The Federal Constitution: The Logic Of Aspirations Introduced, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The federal constitution addresses a number of situations in which an aspirant to office or status must abide by requirements/prohibitions regarding dual office holding and status acquisition. The pertinent provisions are reviewed and logical aspects of this issue are introduced.
Recovered Textures In The Early Constitution: Schemes Vs. Dreams, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Recovered Textures In The Early Constitution: Schemes Vs. Dreams, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Are the Philadelphia Constitution and the Bill of Rights works of art? If so, how would critics describe these works in program notes? Contrast is the order of the day: the features of each one, played against the other. Goethe, Cervantes, Beethoven , Wagner and the divine Wolfgang are invoked, along with Pope, Richardson, and the Immortal Bard.
Crafting The Northwest Ordinance Of 1787: Tracking Delegates Blount, Few, Pierce And Butler, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Crafting The Northwest Ordinance Of 1787: Tracking Delegates Blount, Few, Pierce And Butler, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Tracking Paths of Four Men Who were Delegates and Attendees at both the 1787 Federal Convention and the 1787 Session of the Continental / Confederation Congress, when combined with internal quorum requirements of the Congress, yields significant information about the adoption of the Northwest Ordinance. First in a series.
Table Annexed To Article: What The Polar Bears Taught The Cops, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: What The Polar Bears Taught The Cops, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Charting of Shouldstatements is explored: while parliamentary procedure guides delegates at a constitutional assembly, who, in ordered discourse will tease out goodness, right and duty statements, the delegates could, on the voicing of any proposal, generate twelve statements by resort to a routine which deploys grammatically correct sentences.