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European History

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2016

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Articles 31 - 60 of 101

Full-Text Articles in History

The Extent Of Indigenous-Norse Contact And Trade Prior To Columbus, Donald E. Warden Aug 2016

The Extent Of Indigenous-Norse Contact And Trade Prior To Columbus, Donald E. Warden

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

Norse exploration during the medieval period was widespread and diverse in location. Of the many places visited by the Norse, North America has continued to be surrounded by mystery. The full extent of Norse exploration in North America is a growing field and the extent of their contact and trade with Indigenous Americans is becoming increasingly known. A thorough compilation of the evidence allows for significant, new conclusions to be made about Norse presence in the Americas.


A "Princely Lady": The Religion, Power And Identity Of Anne Boleyn, Alexandra Elise Deselms Jun 2016

A "Princely Lady": The Religion, Power And Identity Of Anne Boleyn, Alexandra Elise Deselms

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Anne Boleyn (c. 1501 – 1536), the second wife of Henry VIII, was an influential and controversial figure in her time and is the subject of intense debate among historians today, not to mention fascination among the general public. Historians are sharply divided and seek to categorize her as either an early Protestant influential at court (historians such as Ives, Warnicke, and Starkey) or ultimately Catholic and passive (Bernard). This thesis moves beyond such polemics by combining a close analysis of documents from the time and the goals of their authors with post-modern approaches to historical biography emphasizing the fluidity …


Past Disquiet: From Research To Exhibition, Kristine Khouri, Rasha Salti Jun 2016

Past Disquiet: From Research To Exhibition, Kristine Khouri, Rasha Salti

Artl@s Bulletin

An exhibition of an exceptional scale and scope took place in Beirut in the middle of the civil war and today, its archival and documentary traces have been almost entirely lost. The International Art Exhibition for Palestine opened in the Spring of 1978, comprising some 200 works donated by artists hailing from nearly 30 countries, to be a seed collection for a museum in exile. This is a transcript of a presentation of the transformation of research into an exhibition format and a virtual walkthrough of the show Past Disquiet: Narratives and Ghosts from the International Art Exhibition for Palestine, …


Editors' Introduction, Melanie O'Brien, Joann Digeorgio-Lutz, Lior Zylberman, Christian Gudehus, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, Randle Defalco, Hilary Earl Jun 2016

Editors' Introduction, Melanie O'Brien, Joann Digeorgio-Lutz, Lior Zylberman, Christian Gudehus, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, Randle Defalco, Hilary Earl

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.


Book Review: Remembering Genocide, Tony Barta Jun 2016

Book Review: Remembering Genocide, Tony Barta

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.


Back Cover Jun 2016

Back Cover

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


Front Matter Jun 2016

Front Matter

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


Book Review: Healthy Living In The Alps: The Origins Of Winter Tourism In Switzerland, 1860-1914, Victoria M. Breting-Garcia Jun 2016

Book Review: Healthy Living In The Alps: The Origins Of Winter Tourism In Switzerland, 1860-1914, Victoria M. Breting-Garcia

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


Book Review: Creating Wilderness: A Transnational History Of The Swiss National Park, Evan C. Rothera Jun 2016

Book Review: Creating Wilderness: A Transnational History Of The Swiss National Park, Evan C. Rothera

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


Carl Jung's Historic Place In Psychology And Continuing Influence In Narrative Studies And American Popular Culture, Emily S. Darowski, Joseph J. Darowski Jun 2016

Carl Jung's Historic Place In Psychology And Continuing Influence In Narrative Studies And American Popular Culture, Emily S. Darowski, Joseph J. Darowski

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Cart Gustav Jung was a Swiss-born psychiatrist who lived from the late nineteenth century well into the twentieth century. He founded the analytical psychology movement and is known for ideas such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, and one of the first conceptions of introversion and extraversion. The following paper explores Jung's influence on the field of psychology and other disciplines, postulating that his more lasting, but subtle influence exists outside his chosen field. This topic for exploration developed out of conversations between the two authors, one with an educational background in cognitive psychology, the other in American Studies. We draw …


Book Review: The Marcel Network: How One French Couple Saved 527 Children From The Holocaust, Martin Kalb Jun 2016

Book Review: The Marcel Network: How One French Couple Saved 527 Children From The Holocaust, Martin Kalb

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


How Louisa May Alcott's 1870 Visit To Switzerland Helped Her Become A "Literary Lion", Megan Armknecht Jun 2016

How Louisa May Alcott's 1870 Visit To Switzerland Helped Her Become A "Literary Lion", Megan Armknecht

Swiss American Historical Society Review

On April 2, 1870, Louisa May Alcott-the author of Little Women-embarked on a European grand tour with her sister, May Alcott, and her friend Alice Bartlett. The women's travels took them to France , Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and England. This grand tour was meant to give Louisa, who was riding on the heels of Little Women's success, a reprieve to regain her health. Her father, Bronson Alcott, wrote to a friend three days before their departure: "I wish Louisa were in better health and spirits, but am consoled in the hope that she is under weigh [sic] to find them …


Full Issue Jun 2016

Full Issue

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


Neutral Ground: Switzerland And Some British Poets Of The Great War, Robert S. Means Jun 2016

Neutral Ground: Switzerland And Some British Poets Of The Great War, Robert S. Means

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Over the years, Switzerland has been a safe-haven for artists seeking refuge from war. Situated at the center of Europe, possessing great wealth and natural beauty, and surrounded as she is by potential enemies , Switzerland has long been unique in maintaining her neutrality, especially through the two world wars of the Twentieth Century. Other neutral countries have not been so successful enforcing their neutrality. Recall the fate of Belgium and Luxembourg in both world wars: the invasion and violation of these neutrals was a central part of German strategy. But in the two world wars of the Twentieth Century, …


The Policy Regarding Iran: Circumstances Surrounding The Allied Invasion In 1941, Caitlin N. Curtis Apr 2016

The Policy Regarding Iran: Circumstances Surrounding The Allied Invasion In 1941, Caitlin N. Curtis

Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship

This paper examines the conjoined Allied occupation of Iran during World War II and the impact the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union had on a new, weak nation. The terms of the occupation were written with the best intentions for Iran but were eventually disregarded. This mixture of a poor execution of treaty terms as well as British, Soviet, and American interests within Iran destroyed the unity it possessed and allowed Russia to extend massive influence over the newly destabilized country. The British wanted to maintain their oil concessions. The Russians desired a warm water port and …


Book Review: To End All Wars: A Story Of Loyalty And Rebellion 1914-1918, Kristen M. Vitale Apr 2016

Book Review: To End All Wars: A Story Of Loyalty And Rebellion 1914-1918, Kristen M. Vitale

Madison Historical Review

No abstract provided.


Imagining A Nation: Society, Regionalism, And National Identity In The Greek War Of Independence, Christopher Kinley Apr 2016

Imagining A Nation: Society, Regionalism, And National Identity In The Greek War Of Independence, Christopher Kinley

Madison Historical Review

ABSTRACT: Modern Greece has held a marginal existence in the study of nationalism, and yet there is a wealth of information that it provides, which can broaden our understanding of nationalism and state-building, especially in the Balkans. The purpose of this article is to examine the various facets of Greek identity during the outbreak of the independence movement, and how identity shaped and affected the movement itself. This article argues that Greek identity was too multifarious to create a strongly defined national identity. Furthermore, this lack of national identity led to several years of civil war during the independence …


Interview With Kristin V. Brig Apr 2016

Interview With Kristin V. Brig

Madison Historical Review

No abstract provided.


"Torn From Their Mother's Breasts": The Battle For Impoverished Souls In Ireland, 1853-1885, Kristin V. Brig Apr 2016

"Torn From Their Mother's Breasts": The Battle For Impoverished Souls In Ireland, 1853-1885, Kristin V. Brig

Madison Historical Review

A world history analysis, this paper examines the struggle between Protestant governmental and Catholic private philanthropy in mid-nineteenth-century Ireland, exploring how each side waged a war of political and religious misunderstanding in an effort to gain control over the Catholic Irish poor. Ireland’s philanthropic scene in this period became a battleground on which the British government fought for political control and Catholics for religious control; however, neither group understood what the other fought for, waging a war of cross-purposes. Through an examination of this battle for control, this paper depicts the emergence of modern Irish welfare from the famine era …


Shifting Understandings Of Lesbianism In Imperial And Weimar Germany, Meghan C. Paradis Apr 2016

Shifting Understandings Of Lesbianism In Imperial And Weimar Germany, Meghan C. Paradis

Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark (SURJ)

This paper seeks to understand how, and why, understandings of lesbianism shifted in Germany over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through close readings of both popular cultural productions and medical and psychological texts produced within the context of Imperial and Weimar Germany, this paper explores the changing nature of understandings of homosexuality in women, arguing that over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the dominant conceptualization of lesbianism transformed from an understanding of lesbians that was rooted in biology and viewed lesbians as physically masculine “gender inverts”, to one that was …


German Women In The Wild West: Contradiction In Post-Wwii Gender Roles, Romy Franks Apr 2016

German Women In The Wild West: Contradiction In Post-Wwii Gender Roles, Romy Franks

AWE (A Woman’s Experience)

While postwar German women were portrayed as gritty and strong from their lived experiences, West German newspapers articles reiterated the contradictory roles proffered to women in German society. Rather than speaking up against the genre’s masculine dominance, popular western novels, films, and the press continued to reinforce widely held opinions and norms by encouraging women to be content with the ideal female character offered them.


“But I Must Also Feel It Like A Man”: Redressing Representations Of Masculinity In Macbeth, Caitlin H. Higgins Apr 2016

“But I Must Also Feel It Like A Man”: Redressing Representations Of Masculinity In Macbeth, Caitlin H. Higgins

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

The most popular characters in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, second only to Macbeth himself, are the Weird Sisters. Despite being called “Sisters” the women are oddly androgynous and there is very little in their physical appearance or behavior to indicate their gender. Even more importantly, there is nothing to indicate their place in the Scottish patriarchy of which Macbeth and Banquo are firmly established. As the first actors to appear on stage and arguably the manipulators of Macbeth’s fate, the genderless Weird Sisters would have disturbed deeply rooted understandings of gender definition and hierarchy in viewers. This disturbance allows Shakespeare …


Whitefield's Music: Moorfields Tabernacle, The Divine Musical Miscellany (1754), And The Fashioning Of Early Evangelical Sacred Song, Stephen A. Marini Mar 2016

Whitefield's Music: Moorfields Tabernacle, The Divine Musical Miscellany (1754), And The Fashioning Of Early Evangelical Sacred Song, Stephen A. Marini

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

Evangelical hymnody was the most significant form of popular sacred song in eighteenth-century Anglo-America. John and Charles Wesley built their Methodist movement on it, but little is known about the music of their great collaborator and eventual rival, George Whitefield (1714-1770). The essential sources of Whitefield's music are the development of ritual song at his Moorfields Tabernacle in London, his Collection of Hymns for Social Worship (1753) prepared for that congregation, and a little-known tunebook called The Divine Musical Miscellany (1754) that contains the first and definitive repertory of music known to be sung at Moorfields. This essay recovers Whitefield's …


"Why Is Bilbo Baggins Invisible?: The Hidden War In The Hobbit", Jane Beal Phd Feb 2016

"Why Is Bilbo Baggins Invisible?: The Hidden War In The Hobbit", Jane Beal Phd

Journal of Tolkien Research

Why is Bilbo Baggins invisible? This study suggests that Tolkien’s knowledge of philology, theology, philosophy, literature, history, and his own life experience all contribute to the development of the symbolic, moral, and psychological significance of invisibility in The Hobbit. On one level, Tolkien’s theology is informed by his philology, so that being invisible (or “not able to be seen”) becomes a way of symbolically representing the Augustinian concept of evil as the absence of good in the world. On another level, Tolkien’s use of invisibility in The Hobbit demonstrates his knowledge of the philosophic and literary tradition associated with the …


The Italian Swiss Dna, Tony Quinn Feb 2016

The Italian Swiss Dna, Tony Quinn

Swiss American Historical Society Review

DNA testing is the new frontier in genealogical research. While the paper records of American and European churches and civil bodies are now generally available on line, DNA opens a new avenue of research into the period well before the advent of written records. And it is allowing people to make connections heretofore impossible to make.


Front Matter Feb 2016

Front Matter

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.


The Love Story Behind The 1846 Swiss Colony In St. Clara, West Virginia, Marsha R. Robinson Feb 2016

The Love Story Behind The 1846 Swiss Colony In St. Clara, West Virginia, Marsha R. Robinson

Swiss American Historical Society Review

There are some stories that we want to believe . This is the story and history of Clara J. Levassor, of two Frenchmen who loved her, and of the Swiss colony around the town of St. Clara, Doddridge County, West Virginia. The story begins in the French Revolution .


Operation Sunrise: America's Oss, Swiss Intelligence, And The German Surrender 1945, Stephen P. Halbrook Feb 2016

Operation Sunrise: America's Oss, Swiss Intelligence, And The German Surrender 1945, Stephen P. Halbrook

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Operation Sunrise was a cooperative effort of American and Swiss intelligence services which led to the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht forces in Northern Italy and Western Austria on May 2, 1945. General Heinrich von Yietinghoff, Commander-inChief of the Southwest Command and of Army Group C, surrendered nearly a million soldiers, the strongest remaining German force. This was the first great surrender of German forces to the Allies, and became a strong impetus for the final Allied victory over Nazi Germany on May 8, Victory in Europe (YE) Day. Operation Sunrise helped to nip in the bud Nazi aspirations …


Remembering Albert Bartholdi Passaic's Swissamerican Historian, Edward A. Smyk Feb 2016

Remembering Albert Bartholdi Passaic's Swissamerican Historian, Edward A. Smyk

Swiss American Historical Society Review

For most travelers, Switzerland conjures spectacular images of the snow-clad Alps; a place where rugged, commanding vistas coexist with an abundance of pure mountain air, exhilarating in its alluring crispness. Yet there is more to the story than picturesque scenery and quaint villages, which time seems to forget. The Swiss are a proud people , who through the intervening centuries, generation after generation, carefully nourished and guarded their love of freedom and independence. This sturdiness of mind and intellect was transplanted to America with the early Swiss settlers. They came and prospered, achieving distinction in numerous fields of endeavor.


Book Review: Affectionate Authorities: Fathers And Fatherly Roles In Late Medieval Basel, Kelly Ransick Feb 2016

Book Review: Affectionate Authorities: Fathers And Fatherly Roles In Late Medieval Basel, Kelly Ransick

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.