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Full-Text Articles in History
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views of the Spanish Civil War and its Legacy presents a case study of The Churchman’s Magazine and Wickliffe Preachers’ Messenger (CMWPM), a publication of the Protestant Truth Society, between 1930 and 1945. The Protestant Truth Society was a British Evangelical organization that was dedicated to opposing the influence of Catholicism within Britain. This thesis explores how the CMWPM discussed Spain during the interwar and World War II period, especially its coverage of the Second Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the early Franco Regime. Ultimately, the CMWPM latched on to Spain as …
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The East German Border Police (Deutsche Grenzpolizei) was the organization responsible for patrolling the borders of the German Democratic Republic from its creation in 1946 until its transformation into the Border Troops of the GDR (Grenztruppen der DDR) and reorganization as part of the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) in 1961. The organization had the dual task of preventing "Republikflucht," the illegal migration of East German citizens to West Germany, and acting as the first line of defense in the case of an attack from West German forces. The ruling Sociality Unity Party of Germany ( …
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis looks at the Italian Inquisition’s treatment of Jews and those suspected of being Jews and thus sits at the intersection of two different historical subfields: Jewish studies and Inquisition studies. Each subfield is broad but overlaps with the other. I analyze six Inquisition cases—four from Venice and two from Florence—and recount the original accusations, before delving into the likely circumstances of the people involved, based on witness testimony. By looking at these cases, I show how blurred religious identity could be, as people adopted the guise of one faith and then another, depending on the time and place. …
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The historiography on Martin Luther in the German Democratic Republic was a complex and fluid process of heritage building with direct influence on how the state positioned itself [TB1] in relation to the church. Martin Luther is a monumental figure in German history and has figured prominently in the construction of German national identity. When the GDR sought to build a socialist society after the Second World War, many existing aspects of Lutheran identity in the areas that now made up the GDR, had to be renegotiated due to their direct conflict with socialist principles. The East German state sidelined …
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines bread production and the daily lives of those who worked in mill-bakeries during the first century CE. Bread was the staple food across the ancient Mediterranean; however, there is little textual evidence about those who produced the bread that fed the Roman Empire. The most significant body of evidence relating to the lives of mill-bakers is the archaeological remains of mill-bakeries from the city of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. This thesis analyzes the spatial organization of bread production within these mill-bakeries and applies the methodologies of spatial syntax – a …
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Undergraduate Honors Theses
During the development of the Catalan nationalist political tradition between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, early Catalanist thinkers drew heavily from the examples of their European and American contemporaries. As Catalonia developed an industrial base and began celebrating its linguistic and cultural heritage during the nineteenth century, it increasingly looked outwards. Seeing themselves as more European than Spanish, Catalanist desperately wished to modernize their region and nation. To this end, Catalanists developed a very specific and Eurocentric standard for civilizations that they thought critical for national development. This work traces the development of this model, what it entailed, how it …
“On Earth, As It Is In Heaven”: The Holy Family And Beguines In The Southern Low Countries (Ca. 1230-Ca. 1500), Harrison Klingman
“On Earth, As It Is In Heaven”: The Holy Family And Beguines In The Southern Low Countries (Ca. 1230-Ca. 1500), Harrison Klingman
Undergraduate Research Awards
Excerpt from paper: "Differing from their monastic contemporaries, beguines were uncloistered religious women who took temporary vows of chastity while splitting their lives between the religious and secular spheres. In the late twelfth century, beguine communities began on a small and informal scale until papal approval in 1233 sanctioned their lifestyle; thereafter, large communities known as beguinages started to materialize.1 During this religious movement, beguines were faced with various questions over how to structure their family lives. Navigating through these uncertain waters, beguines ultimately found a solution in the Holy Family’s example by modeling their lives after the Virgin and …
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis is an exploration of Medieval Jewish and Christian conceptions of sex and aims to challenge the notion of Judeo-Christian values. Medieval Judaism and Christianity are at odds with each other in their understandings of sexuality. By considering Judaism, the belief that medieval religion was averse to sexuality and sexual pleasure is disproven. An analysis of religious works, such as those produced by Christian theologians and Jewish rabbis, yields the following conclusion: medieval Christianity restricted sex on the basis of abstinence, while medieval Judaism restricted sex on the basis of ritual impurity but mandated sex for procreation and female …
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper is an in depth analysis of the Bronze Age interactions between Egypt and Greece and the legacy of physicians and physician gods in the region through an exploration of religion, medicine and linguistic exchange. The Egyptian physician Imhotep bears a striking resemblance to the Greek god Asklepios. It seems this similarity may be a result of Asklepios and his predecessor Paieon actually being based on the story of Imhotep, brought to the Mycenaeans during the Bronze Age.
Silver, Ships And Soil: Gift-Giving In Medieval Icelandic Sagas, Emma Eubank
Silver, Ships And Soil: Gift-Giving In Medieval Icelandic Sagas, Emma Eubank
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Through applying anthropological theory to gift exchange in medieval Icelandic sagas, we can uncover a wealth of information about the construction and reinforcement of gender, power, and value. This study incorporates Mauss, Sahlins, and Graeber alongside other theorists to analyze how the narrators of Egil's Saga, The Saga of Grettir the Strong, and Gisli Sursson's Saga perceived a past Iceland.
Unmasking Murder: Reconciling The Twin Depictions Of Viscount Castlereagh, Robert Warrick
Unmasking Murder: Reconciling The Twin Depictions Of Viscount Castlereagh, Robert Warrick
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Viscount Castlereagh is typically depicted in one of two ways. The traditional depiction is of a repressive, anti-liberal demon while the modern depiction is of a Machiavellian chess master who only adopted certain values to ensure his goal of British security. This thesis argues that the modern depiction has gone too far in removing ideology from Castlereagh's diplomacy. While he certainly desired British security, he was motivated by a fear of groups he considered to be "radical."
Revisiting British Zionism In The Early 20th Century, Benjamin Marin
Revisiting British Zionism In The Early 20th Century, Benjamin Marin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Long considered irrelevant and unimportant to Zionist history, British Zionists played a necessarily important role in the movement in the early 20th century leading up to the 1917 Balfour Declaration and into the 1920s. Historical narratives that have embraced a reductive view of Zionist history that championed Dr. Chaim Weizmann's prominent role during this period have largely shaped this perspective. In this paper, I examine several British Zionists such as Moses Gaster, Leopold Greenberg, Leonard Stein, Frederick Kisch, and Alfred Mond and the roles they played during this pivotal period for Zionism.
The Female Kirk: Women's Participation In The Early Scottish Presbyterian Church, Lydia Mackey
The Female Kirk: Women's Participation In The Early Scottish Presbyterian Church, Lydia Mackey
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Presbyterianism’s founder, John Knox, wrote his infamous The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women in 1558 arguing against female monarchs. Despite early modern Presbyterianism’s restriction of women’s formal religious roles, women used often conflicting rhetoric from the pulpit to negotiate a degree of power and autonomy. Rather than only being passive members of the Presbyterian Church, women often played an active role in the development and expansion of Presbyterianism between 1550 and 1690. This thesis will demonstrate how a study of women’s interactions with the Presbyterian Church outside of the kirk sessions, namely in their …
From Defeat To Victory In Northern Italy: Comparing Staufen Strategy And Operations At Legnano And Cortenuova, 1176-1237., Daniel Franke
From Defeat To Victory In Northern Italy: Comparing Staufen Strategy And Operations At Legnano And Cortenuova, 1176-1237., Daniel Franke
Richard Bland Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
"Enimies To Mankind": Convict Servitude, Authority, And Humanitarianism In The British Atlantic World, Nicole K. Dressler
"Enimies To Mankind": Convict Servitude, Authority, And Humanitarianism In The British Atlantic World, Nicole K. Dressler
Arts & Sciences Articles
This study examines the role that British convict transportation and penal servitude in America played in the early history of humanitarianism. During the eighteenth century Britons' and Americans' ideas about moral obligations and suffering changed drastically toward traditionally detested people, including transported convicts, enslaved Africans, sailors, and the poor. Historians have made it clear that people in the eighteenth century created unprecedented ways to understand the human condition, and studying coerced labor of all kinds tells scholars more about how unfreedom shaped the language, ethics, and practices of the early stages of humanitarianism. In the eighteenth century British courts banished …
Introduction To "A Genealogy Of Terror In Eighteenth-Century France", Ronald Schechter
Introduction To "A Genealogy Of Terror In Eighteenth-Century France", Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
In contemporary political discourse, it is common to denounce violent acts as “terroristic.” But this reflexive denunciation is a surprisingly recent development. In A Genealogy of Terror in Eighteenth-Century France, Ronald Schechter tells the story of the term’s evolution in Western thought, examining a neglected yet crucial chapter of our complicated romance with terror.
For centuries prior to the French Revolution, the word “terror” had largely positive connotations. Subjects flattered monarchs with the label “terror of his enemies.” Lawyers invoked the “terror of the laws.” Theater critics praised tragedies that imparted terror and pity. By August 1794, however, terror had …
The Trial Of Jacob Benjamin, Supplier To The French Army, 1792-93, Ronald Schechter
The Trial Of Jacob Benjamin, Supplier To The French Army, 1792-93, Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Santiago De Compostela, George Greenia
Santiago De Compostela, George Greenia
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
This collaborative literary history of Europe, the first yet attempted, unfolds through ten sequences of places linked by trade, travel, topography, language, pilgrimage, alliance, disease, and artistic exchange. The period covered, 1348-1418, provides deep context for understanding current developments in Europe, particularly as initiated by the destruction and disasters of World War II. We begin with the greatest of all European catastrophes: the 1348 bubonic plague, which killed one person in three. Literary cultures helped speed recovery from this unprecedented "ground zero" experience, providing solace, distraction, and new ideals to live by. Questions of where Europe begins and ends, then …
Accidental Agent Of Change: George Ticknor's Study Abroad In 1815 Germany, Leslie Bohon
Accidental Agent Of Change: George Ticknor's Study Abroad In 1815 Germany, Leslie Bohon
The William & Mary Educational Review
The historian Herbst (1965) posited that “scholarship . . . like most human endeavors, [is] given [its] distinguishing character by the specific time and place in which [it is] pursued” (p. vii). The distinguishing character of U.S. higher education at the turn of the nineteenth century was transition. Indeed, in the early 1800s, U.S. educators were struggling to determine the future of higher education in the United States, igniting discussions and disagreements concerning everything from the purpose of education, to curriculum and pedagogy, and to student life (Herbst, 1965). Yet, answers did not appear to be forthcoming from within the …
Terror, Vengeance And Martyrdom In The French Revolution: The Case Of The Shades, Ronald Schechter
Terror, Vengeance And Martyrdom In The French Revolution: The Case Of The Shades, Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
In recent years, terrorism has become closely associated with martyrdom in the minds of many terrorists and in the view of nations around the world. In Islam, martyrdom is mostly conceived as "bearing witness" to faith and God. Martyrdom is also central to the Christian tradition, not only in the form of Christ's Passion or saints faced with persecution and death, but in the duty to lead a good and charitable life. In both religions, the association of religious martyrdom with political terror has a long and difficult history. The essays of this volume illuminate this history--following, for example, Christian …
The Revolutionary Career Of Louis Philippe De SéGur: Caught Between Tradition And Reform, Lauren Wallace
The Revolutionary Career Of Louis Philippe De SéGur: Caught Between Tradition And Reform, Lauren Wallace
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Making Of A Boxer, Ronald Schechter, Liz Clarke
The Making Of A Boxer, Ronald Schechter, Liz Clarke
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
Inspired by the resounding success of Abina and the Important Men (OUP, 2011), Mendoza the Jew combines a graphic history with primary documentation and contextual information to explore issues of nationalism, identity, culture, and historical methodology through the life story of Daniel Mendoza. Mendoza was a poor Sephardic Jew from East London who became the boxing champion of Britain in 1789. As a Jew with limited means and a foreign-sounding name, Mendoza was an unlikely symbol of what many Britons considered to be their very own "national" sport. Whereas their adversaries across the Channel reputedly settled private quarrels by dueling …
Clockmaking Clerics And Ropemaking Lawyers: Mixing Occupational Roles In Early Modern Spain, Aaron Joshua Gregory
Clockmaking Clerics And Ropemaking Lawyers: Mixing Occupational Roles In Early Modern Spain, Aaron Joshua Gregory
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
For Their Maintenance And Education: An Analysis Of Children Entering Christ's Hospital, London, 1763-1803, Kaitlyn Elizabeth Gardy
For Their Maintenance And Education: An Analysis Of Children Entering Christ's Hospital, London, 1763-1803, Kaitlyn Elizabeth Gardy
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The "Extraordinary" Case Of James Allen: A Study Of Gender And Sexuality In Early Nineteenth-Century Britain, Maria Dale Booth
The "Extraordinary" Case Of James Allen: A Study Of Gender And Sexuality In Early Nineteenth-Century Britain, Maria Dale Booth
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Towns In Mind: Urban Plans, Political Culture, And Empire In The Colonial Chesapeake, 1607--1722, Paul Philip Musselwhite
Towns In Mind: Urban Plans, Political Culture, And Empire In The Colonial Chesapeake, 1607--1722, Paul Philip Musselwhite
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation charts the contested political and cultural meaning of urbanization in the emerging plantation societies of Virginia and Maryland. Scholars have long asserted that Chesapeake planters' desire for lucre led them to patent huge tracts of land, disperse across the landscape, and completely dismiss urban development. However, through 17 pieces of legislation, colonists, governors, and London administrators actually encouraged towns in the Chesapeake through the seventeenth century. Despite the environmental and agricultural constraints of tidewater tobacco, both colonies wrestled with a perceived need for towns, which consistently appeared to represent the best means to engineer the region's political economy …
Catinka Heinefetter. A Jewish Prima Donna In Nineteenth-Century France, Ronald Schechter
Catinka Heinefetter. A Jewish Prima Donna In Nineteenth-Century France, Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism In Revolutionary France And Russia, Anne Cabriã© Forsythe
Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism In Revolutionary France And Russia, Anne Cabriã© Forsythe
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
"I Would Cut My Bones For Him": Concepts Of Loyalty, Social Change, And Culture In The Scottish Highlands, From The Clans To The American Revolution, Alana Speth
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Terror Of Their Enemies: Reflections On A Trope In Eighteenth-Century Historiography, Ronald Schechter
The Terror Of Their Enemies: Reflections On A Trope In Eighteenth-Century Historiography, Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Articles
No abstract provided.