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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Basque Studies
Amaia Salazar: Modern Detective, Fairy Tale Heroine, Ancestral Basque Woman, Agnieszka Gutthy
Amaia Salazar: Modern Detective, Fairy Tale Heroine, Ancestral Basque Woman, Agnieszka Gutthy
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Amaia Salazar is the protagonist of Dolores Redondo’s Baztán trilogy: El guardián invisible, 2012 (The Invisible Guardian), Legado en los huesos, 2013 (The Legacy of the Bones), Ofrenda a la tormenta, 2014 (Offering to the Storm. The novels are hybrid texts that weave in the detective story elements of Basque mythology, fairy tale, and the noir. It is in the character of the detective Amaia Salazar that all these elements converge. Dolores Redondo successfully created a character of a female detective who is not only bright, rational professional investigator relying on the most recent advance …
Word Concreteness And Word Originality: A Basque Case Study, Casey Kennington
Word Concreteness And Word Originality: A Basque Case Study, Casey Kennington
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Basque is the oldest known spoken language of Western Europe that is not descended from Indo-European. Despite efforts to stop its use from external influences, the Basque people have shown resiliency throughout their history to keep the language alive. However, as is the case with all other languages, Basque has not been immune to influence from neighboring languages; indeed all Basque speakers are bilingual. The question explored here is whether a word’s concreteness using machine translation from Basque to English and English concreteness scores determines if an original Basque word is spoken today. We find that there is a significant …
The History Of Usac: Innovation And Relationship Building, Carmelo Urza
The History Of Usac: Innovation And Relationship Building, Carmelo Urza
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
A personal recollection of USAC, a study abroad organization created so that U.S. students could spend time in the Basque Country learning about its history, culture and language. What circumstances led to its establishment, what issues were encountered and what strategies were implemented to overcome them? The piece describes how the Consortium was organized and financed and how it grew into one of the largest and most prestigious study abroad organizations in the U.S. This is an insiders account of the complexity of creating a study abroad consortium and managing it for its first 35 years.
Basque Identity In The 21st Century: Up Close No One Is Normal, Julieta Gaztañaga
Basque Identity In The 21st Century: Up Close No One Is Normal, Julieta Gaztañaga
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
A dynamic conception of identity is not about asserting traits or searching for primordial essences but about the processes and contexts of its dynamic and living production including its social futures. Looking forward to contributing to Basque Studies this article offers an analysis of the complexities of contemporary reconfigurations of identification processes by focusing on the problem of Basque identity in the 21st century. I propose an approach not linked to the "Homeland/Diaspora" model but rather to a form of multifaceted and trans-local dynamics that arises from interaction with multiple places and contexts of cultural production and collective identification. The …
Managing Monumental Crises: The Bakardade (Solitude) National Basque Monument, Carmelo Urza, William A. Douglass
Managing Monumental Crises: The Bakardade (Solitude) National Basque Monument, Carmelo Urza, William A. Douglass
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This paper provides a brief chronological overview of Basque immigration and participation in the sheep industry of the American West. It describes the process leading to the conception and development of the National Basque Sheepherder Monument in Reno’s Rancho San Rafael Park, including the discussions with regards to whether it should be Traditional/Realistic or Modern/Symbolic in nature. It explains the potential crisis that threatened to sidetrack the Monument, the inaugural ceremony and the symbolism of the statue Bakardade/Solitude by Basque sculptor Nestor Basterretxea and its relationship with the characteristics of the Basque people. Finally, it incorporates the figurative sculpture donated …
We Can Only Say What A Basque Is Not, Blake Allmendinger
We Can Only Say What A Basque Is Not, Blake Allmendinger
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
What does it mean to be Basque, and why has this question become more complicated in the twenty-first century? An examination of several artists and their work provide possible answers to this question. American avant-garde artist Man Ray produced an experimental silent film in 1926 entitled Emak Bakia. Why he used this Basque phrase—which roughly translates as “Leave me alone”— is a mystery that has never been solved. In 2012, Basque filmmaker Oskar Alegria decided to track down the source of Ray’s inspiration in his documentary, The Search for Emak Bakia, 2012. By a strange twist of circumstance, …
Miren’S Story: The Evacuation Of A Child Refugee From The Basque Country In 1937, Julia Palmer
Miren’S Story: The Evacuation Of A Child Refugee From The Basque Country In 1937, Julia Palmer
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Ten-year-old Miren Alonso was one of almost 4,000 Basque children evacuated from the Basque Country in northern Spain to Southampton, England by the Basque Government in May 1937, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This article, based on extensive oral testimony, provides a firsthand look at a historical event that remains largely unknown to most people. It is also one of only a few long-term studies of the evacuation from the perspective of an individual. This is a summary of Miren’s experience before, during, and after the evacuation, framed within the social, political, and historical context of the period. Her …
Inter-Subjectivity: How Should A Spanish Oral Historian Analyse The Oral Life Stories Of Eta Activists?, Nicolás Buckley
Inter-Subjectivity: How Should A Spanish Oral Historian Analyse The Oral Life Stories Of Eta Activists?, Nicolás Buckley
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
The Basque pro-independence terrorist group ETA (an acronym for what translates to ‘Freedom for the Basque Country’) announced a definitive ceasefire in 2011. A year later, I began a PhD on how the Basque conflict could be understood from the life stories of ETA activists. After completing my research, I asked myself: What kind of tensions emerged during the interview process with ETA activists who collaborated in my research taking into account my family background and my Spanish identity? Instead of just appearing as a bidirectional relation between the narrator and the interviewer, inter-subjectivity reveals more powerful mechanisms as it …
The Distinctively Basque Stone Shelters Of California’S White Mountains, Michael R. Wing, Elizabeth H. Wing, Amin M. Al-Jamal
The Distinctively Basque Stone Shelters Of California’S White Mountains, Michael R. Wing, Elizabeth H. Wing, Amin M. Al-Jamal
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Basque and French shepherds in California’s White Mountains built dry stone shelters that persist today. Despite French names carved on logs associated with a few of these structures, the typical pattern for these shelters is Basque: they closely resemble the cabañas pastoriles (shepherd’s huts) of Bizkaia. A square floor plan with walls about one meter high enclose a single chamber. The stone work is carefully laid to make one wall face. A narrow doorway, often in a corner, faces downhill in any direction except west and can be flanked by low stone “spurs”. A fireplace is usually built into the …
Places Beyond Memory: The Affective Landscapes Of Bernardo Atxaga's Días De Nevada, Mark Pleiss
Places Beyond Memory: The Affective Landscapes Of Bernardo Atxaga's Días De Nevada, Mark Pleiss
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This study highlights a heretofore-unexplored narrative device in Bernardo Atxaga’s fiction by highlighting how the author’s representation of spaces surrounding Reno and the Great Basin in Días de Nevada models what Berberich et al. (2016) call affective landscapes. The approach contributes to, and looks beyond, the traditional focus on memory in criticism of Atxaga, and it illustrates the story’s engagement with the emotional experiences of populations in the North American West that are not explored or rarely treated in the author’s other works. Finally, this paper contributes a new conceptual model to studies like Elena Delgado et al. (2016) that …
Luisa Etxenike's Trilogy On Terrorism, Agnieszka Gutthy
Luisa Etxenike's Trilogy On Terrorism, Agnieszka Gutthy
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article discusses the themes of the three novels of Luisa Etxenike: El ángulo ciego (Blind Spot, 2009), Absoluta presencia (Absolute Presence, 2018), and Aves del Paraíso (Birds of Paradise, 2019). The novels form a trilogy on ETA terrorism, and each novel is dedicated to a different emotion caused by this violence: fear, guilt, and shame. In her novels Etxenike moves away from the portrayal of terrorists and toward portrayal of the victims. She approaches the theme of ETA violence and of social fragmentation and suffering it has caused emphasizing the culture of blame and fear that this violence instills …
Creative Becomings: The Ongoing Definition And Redefinition Of Basque Identity In Uruguay, Martín Gamboa
Creative Becomings: The Ongoing Definition And Redefinition Of Basque Identity In Uruguay, Martín Gamboa
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article describes the presence of cultural traits of Basque tradition in the visual arts and Uruguayan literature of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Likewise, the research deconstructs the concept of “cultural legacy” applied in studies regarding multiculturalism in Uruguay. This approach implied a type of degradation at a cultural level, in which successive generations (first, second, third, and fourth) gradually lost their “original culture”. However, the cultural traits of the Basque ethnic group that appear in the visual arts and literature were shaped by the descendants of the first and second generations. The research demonstrates that certain cultural …
The Basques Of New Orleans, Koldo San Sebastian
The Basques Of New Orleans, Koldo San Sebastian
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Basques have found their way to many corners of the world, and one of those is the distinctive city of New Orleans in the United States. The relationship of Basques with Louisiana antedates the independence of the United States, and, of course, incorporation of that territory into the American Union. The Basque presence was most evident throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, when a significant community of Basque mariners resided in New Orleans. This article provides a historical overview of the Basque connection to Louisiana, from the expulsion of the Acadians that sent Basques south, …
Meta-Fiction, Parody, And The [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed To All, Larraitz Ariznabarreta
Meta-Fiction, Parody, And The [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed To All, Larraitz Ariznabarreta
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
The literary and cultural scholar Joseba Gabilondo has exerted considerable influence on the field of Basque and Iberian Literary Studies. His scholarly work often generating attention for his opinions expressed about canonical Basque Literature and authors. This article returns to his publication of Apokalipsia guztioi erakutsia. Although the book obtained the “Erein Narratiba” award in 2009, the collection gained no scholarly attention and hardly received any critical reviews. But recent changes have occasioned a second look, an in-depth critical reading, that seems timelier than ever. The literary scholar Gabilondo would, of course, agree; since, as he conceded to Gorka Erostarbe …
The Canonization Of Carmen: Reflections On A Basque Pastorale, William A. Douglass
The Canonization Of Carmen: Reflections On A Basque Pastorale, William A. Douglass
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article explores many of the ways in which performance of a modern Basque pastorale, or morality play—an art form with medieval roots—explores issues and conundrums of contemporary Basque society and culture. These include maintenance of the Basque language and identity, the attitude of Basques towards others, notably Spaniards and gypsies, and vice versa, and the survival of Basque rural life in the face of the many challenges to it. Karmen Etxalarkoa Pastorala is but the most recent recounting of the tragedy of Carmen, the quintessential gypsy of Prosper Merimée’s novel and Bizet’s opera. In the work, she claims …
Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font And Semiotics, Kerri Lesh
Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font And Semiotics, Kerri Lesh
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Text production indexes a set of values as semiotics are utilized to market gastronomic products. These values are referenced through the language used, various font styles and sizes, and the food being promoted. The Basque Country has become a “Culinary nation,” world-renowned for its unique culture and gastronomy. This paper looks at how semiotics are used to create value in marketing locally-made wine and cider. A ubiquitously seen Basque font is used for both cider and wine to reference traditional components of Basque culture, while font size on Rioja Alavesa wine labels stresses the distinction between neighboring regions. The use …
Basque Radical Rock: The Punk Ethos In Basque Identity, Edurne Arostegui
Basque Radical Rock: The Punk Ethos In Basque Identity, Edurne Arostegui
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This paper aims to chart the origins of the so-called Basque Radical Rock movement and its varied use by different social groups, from political organizations of the time to anarchist, marginalized youth needing to express the pessimistic view of their present circumstances. Basque Radical Rock represented a growing sense of modern Basqueness and difference that shaped the scene, moving away from pastoral images toward urban decadence. Although politics did influence the growth and spread of music throughout the Basque Country, many did not feel represented by these causes. The youth’s backlash against socio-economic conditions and their nihilistic view of the …
Silence And Invisibility As Weapons Of Hegemonic Nationalism In Fernando Aramburu's Patria, Olga Bezhanova
Silence And Invisibility As Weapons Of Hegemonic Nationalism In Fernando Aramburu's Patria, Olga Bezhanova
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Fernando Aramburu’s Patria (2016) has undoubtedly constituted one of the most explosive publishing successes of Spain’s literary market of the recent years. The author depicts Basque nationalism as a flawed product deriving from irrational violent impulses that supposedly lie at the core of the Basque identity, while privileging a hegemonic Castilian nationalism. Aramburu’s perspective, however, is tainted by his geographic and affective distancing from Euskadi, which arises not only from the fact that he has been living in Germany since 1985 but also from his identity as an author who writes only in Spanish. His novel misses the mark, as …
The Basques In Idaho, John Patrick "Pat" Bieter
The Basques In Idaho, John Patrick "Pat" Bieter
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This is the 45th anniversary of the publication of Dr. Pat Bieter’s booklet by the Idaho State Historical Society in 1973. It served as one of the earliest English language introductions to the Basques in general, and specifically the Basques of Idaho relating the story of the Basque homeland and why Basques immigrated to America and settled in Idaho. This re-publication with permission returns us to the pioneering work of this author. In addition to his writing on the Basques, Bieter founded Boise State's first studies abroad program which later became part of the University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC).
Ethnic Identity Formation Among Basque-American Adolescents, Catherine M. Petrissans
Ethnic Identity Formation Among Basque-American Adolescents, Catherine M. Petrissans
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article focuses on the ethnic identity formation among one hundred Basque-American youth between the ages of nine and fifteen who were interviewed at the beginning and end of a two week long Udaleku held in Bakersfield California in 2013. This project explores four key questions related to the internal thought processes used by camp attendees to account for or try to make sense of their ethnicity. First, were camp attendees confident or confused about their ethnicity? Second, have participants attempted to “explore” their ethnicity and, if so how? Third, what does “being Basque” mean to camp participants and is …
Reconciling The Places Where We Live With The Spaces We Inhabit: Construction Of A Communicative Space For Basque Based On A Local Media Network, Eneko Bidegain, Aitor Zuberogoitia, Txema Egaña
Reconciling The Places Where We Live With The Spaces We Inhabit: Construction Of A Communicative Space For Basque Based On A Local Media Network, Eneko Bidegain, Aitor Zuberogoitia, Txema Egaña
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
The aim of this research is to give a detailed description of local media working in Basque language, hence, providing a backdrop for other minority language local media. Our approach is to offer data based on a questionnaire distributed among 65 local media with a response rate of 84%, ten in-depth interviews and a focus group. The data revealed a total publication of 200.000 copies with potential for a 70 page newspaper, 400.000 readers, almost 300 employees and more than 1.000 collaborating individuals. However, in spite of seeking to collaborate within a common framework, diversity and economic insecurity limit the …
Assessing Udaleku 2013: The Effects Of Gender, Age, Family, And Community On Basque Youth Skills, Interest, Identity And Pride, Catherine M. Petrissans
Assessing Udaleku 2013: The Effects Of Gender, Age, Family, And Community On Basque Youth Skills, Interest, Identity And Pride, Catherine M. Petrissans
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
One hundred Basque-American youth between the ages of nine and fifteen were interviewed at the beginning and end of a two week long Udaleku held in Bakersfield California in 2013 to determine: 1) the primary reason children attended Basque camp 2) the skills and abilities participants exhibited at the onset of Udaleku 3) the extent to which youth skills and interest in txistu, song, dance, euskara, pala, and mus changed over the course of camp, 4) the effect Udaleku had on the children’s level of Basque identity and pride 5) the children’s assessment of camp conditions, organization and instruction, and …
Vizcaínos: The Scourge Of The Empire And Uncomfortable Identities, Juan Gil-Osle
Vizcaínos: The Scourge Of The Empire And Uncomfortable Identities, Juan Gil-Osle
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
What a Vizcaíno is in the literature of the 16th and 17th centuries has always been a puzzle due to the different uses given to the word. The connotation of the term Vizcaíno can go from an insult similar to “thief,” “traitor,” even “Portuguese,” to, in other cases, “stupid,” “gregarious,” or simply different. In other words, the Vizcaíno is a paradigmatic Other, which seems to have become an insider Other (nothing could be more enervating for some in Spain, or more nostalgic for others than the “insiderness” of this quintessential Other). And unfortunately, in this case, otherness has …
Face To Face: Painting Basque Identity In The Diaspora, Zoe Bray
Face To Face: Painting Basque Identity In The Diaspora, Zoe Bray
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
I draw on my experience of painting portraits to reflect on the Basque diaspora today. Whilst living in different countries, I have painted Basque individuals that I have met through Basque organizations, through common friends in the Basque Country, or through “non-Basque” people who introduce us presuming that as fellow Basques we have something in common. We are thus brought together through the networks that typically define a diaspora. At the same time, Basque identity in the diaspora, as I have come to understand - and paint - it, is a personal and contextual experience. In this article, I offer …
Subject — Not Only Object — Of Study: Basque Studies, Aitor Anduaga
Subject — Not Only Object — Of Study: Basque Studies, Aitor Anduaga
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
To establish a discipline implies a responsibility. Whose is it? As vascólogos (or experts in Basque studies) and vascófilos (or scholars of the Basque language), our first thought should be addressed to discern the Basque studies as an object of study or as a subject of study. This distinction is fundamental. The historical review of the condition of object and/or subject in these studies reveals a crucial feature that defines both us and the Basque studies: our renunciation of their status of subject. This paper suggests a double task to address this deficiency: instituting, not renouncing, Basque studies as a …
The Main Challenges To 21st-Century Business Administration: The Management Of People And Knowledge. The Ner Group Case, María Alvarez Sainz, Kepa Xabier Apellaniz
The Main Challenges To 21st-Century Business Administration: The Management Of People And Knowledge. The Ner Group Case, María Alvarez Sainz, Kepa Xabier Apellaniz
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article presents and analyses the main challenges facing business organisations today: the management of people and knowledge, derived from the great transformations caused by the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions. A new management model, developed in the Basque Country, and the new style of relationships (ner, using its name form in Spanish – ‘nuevo estilo de relaciones’), shared by organisations of the ner Group, are presented and the main results of a study on their cultural features are demonstrated, as perceived by the people who work with this concept. Ner is based on people (the basic pillars of an …
Armintxe Basque Cave Artwork: The Latest Find
Armintxe Basque Cave Artwork: The Latest Find
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Ancient cave paintings reaching back more than 14,000 years were recently found below the Basque town of Lekeitio (Bizkaia). The fifty images were found etched into stone at the Armintxe cave, depicting animals rarely seen in Paleolithic art, such as lions. Experts from the Provincial Council of Bizkaia made the discovery, and believe that they share many of the same characteristics as previous cave artwork in the Basque Country, suggesting close contact among these people who shared in the creation of these cave etchings.
Usac - 33+ Years Of Learning In The Basque Country
Usac - 33+ Years Of Learning In The Basque Country
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
For 33 years, USAC has provided university students with quality, affordable study abroad programs and contributed to the internationalization of universities in the United States and abroad. Students from any university are welcome to participate; and those from more than 800 universities around the world have done so. We salute this program which offers students a unique learning opportunity in the Basque Country, where more than 400 students study each year; 9,000 total since 1983.
Euskadi-Bulletinen: Swedish Solidarity With The Basque Independence Movement During The 1970'S, Joakim Lilljegren
Euskadi-Bulletinen: Swedish Solidarity With The Basque Independence Movement During The 1970'S, Joakim Lilljegren
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
Euskadi-bulletinen, the only Basque-Swedish entry in the Swedish national library catalogue, was one of many left-wing bulletins published in Sweden during the mid-1970's. It supported “the Basque people's struggle for freedom and socialism” and could therefore also be seen in a wider perspective as one of many European journals published in solidarity with the Basque independence movement at the time. In this article, the three numbers of the bulletin are described and put in their historical context.
The Bertsolariak Championship As Competitive Game And Deep Play, Jexux Larrañaga Arriola
The Bertsolariak Championship As Competitive Game And Deep Play, Jexux Larrañaga Arriola
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal
This article examines the performative and ritual aspects of bertsolariak or Basque troubadours in the context of competitive championships. I describe the linguistic and cultural references that derive from the past and continue to the present. My goal is to research the relationship between the ritualization of cultural production of words and creativity, on the one hand, and community production, on the other, with the purpose of obtaining more in-depth information about cultural identity. In order to do so, I analyze the oral context of the championship in both the past and the present. I dwell on a paradox at …