Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Religion (3167)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3106)
- History (3096)
- Art and Design (2334)
- Creative Writing (1782)
-
- Education (1537)
- English Language and Literature (1369)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (1364)
- Life Sciences (1222)
- Biblical Studies (1212)
- Music (1159)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (1026)
- Agriculture (1025)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (944)
- Christianity (832)
- Fine Arts (736)
- Philosophy (735)
- Film and Media Studies (703)
- International and Area Studies (701)
- Sociology (692)
- Political Science (627)
- Poetry (620)
- United States History (594)
- Music Performance (591)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (556)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (516)
- African American Studies (493)
- Photography (465)
- Communication (461)
- Institution
-
- Israel Antiquities Authority (1056)
- Liberty University (717)
- Design Research Society (611)
- Brigham Young University (488)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (367)
-
- Georgia Southern University (280)
- Illinois State University (277)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (261)
- University of Dayton (255)
- Universitas Indonesia (218)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (212)
- University of North Florida (212)
- Asbury Theological Seminary (199)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (180)
- Rhode Island School of Design (177)
- Lindenwood University (175)
- Claremont Colleges (167)
- Dordt University (167)
- Association of Arab Universities (157)
- Cal Poly Humboldt (156)
- College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University (152)
- Andrews University (151)
- George Fox University (148)
- Chulalongkorn University (142)
- Portland State University (128)
- University of South Carolina (120)
- Dartmouth College (119)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (118)
- Utah State University (118)
- Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis (117)
- Keyword
-
- Poetry (307)
- Art (209)
- Fiction (204)
- African American philanthropists -- Florida -- Jacksonville -- History -- 20th century -- Archives (198)
- African American social activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville -- History -- 20th century -- Archives (198)
-
- Clara White Mission -- Founder -- History -- 20th century -- Archives (198)
- African American women -- Florida -- Jacksonville -- Societies and clubs -- History -- 20th century -- Archives (197)
- African Americans -- Florida -- Jacksonville -- Charities -- Archives (197)
- Eartha M. M. White Collection (197)
- Old Folks Home (Jacksonville, Fla.) -- Presidents -- History -- 20th century -- Archives (191)
- White, Eartha Mary Magdalene, 1876-1974 -- Archives (190)
- Music (166)
- Numismatics (161)
- History (158)
- Photography (154)
- Christianity (137)
- Education (130)
- Identity (128)
- Creative writing (120)
- Gender (119)
- Religion (100)
- Technology (98)
- Cemetery (97)
- Creative nonfiction (97)
- Typology (94)
- Burial (91)
- Feminism (88)
- Women (88)
- Student work (84)
- Allusions (83)
- Publication
-
- 'Atiqot (1005)
- IASDR Conference Series (508)
- Theses and Dissertations (361)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (346)
- Journal of African Policy Studies (244)
-
- Masters Theses (239)
- School of Music Programs (231)
- African American Funeral Programs (222)
- Eartha M. M. White Textual Material (198)
- Calliope (122)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (120)
- Honors Theses (114)
- .RAW Journal of Art and Design (105)
- Gandy Dancer Archives (104)
- Open Educational Resources (103)
- Journal of Religion & Film (98)
- The Ozark Historical Review (96)
- Ages 10-12 (85)
- Nordes Conference Series (84)
- Allusions (82)
- Journal of International Women's Studies (79)
- Faculty Publications (78)
- Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe (78)
- Pastoral Liturgy (77)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (76)
- Intertidal (75)
- The Echo (72)
- The Journal of Social Encounters (72)
- Faculty Work Comprehensive List (71)
- NEBO: A Literary Journal (71)
- Publication Type
Articles 13381 - 13410 of 15742
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Supplementary Materials To "Preindustrial Inequality In Mexico", Amilcar Challú, Israel García Solares, Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato
Supplementary Materials To "Preindustrial Inequality In Mexico", Amilcar Challú, Israel García Solares, Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato
History Faculty Publications
Supplementary material to "Preindustrial Inequality in Mexico" by Amílcar Challú, Israel García Solares, Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato, in Preindustrial Inequality in Latin America, edited by María Inés Moraes and Amílcar E. Challú (Routledge, forthcoming 2026).
Asian Church History: Arise Asian Church: Outline And Chronology (Supplementary), Bong Rin Ro
Asian Church History: Arise Asian Church: Outline And Chronology (Supplementary), Bong Rin Ro
ATS Digital Resources
No abstract provided.
Bridging The Gap: Overcoming Barriers To Church Attendance And Ministry Engagement Between Millenials And Baby Boomers In The African Methodist Episcopal Church, Lavoris Williams
Bridging The Gap: Overcoming Barriers To Church Attendance And Ministry Engagement Between Millenials And Baby Boomers In The African Methodist Episcopal Church, Lavoris Williams
Doctor of Ministry
This dissertation aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the generational divide within the AME Church and propose actionable solutions for bridging this gap. Chapter 1 has introduced the problem, its context, and its significance, along with the guiding research question. Subsequent chapters will build on this foundation, exploring biblical, theological, and historical perspectives, as well as practical strategies for fostering intergenerational collaboration.
Chapter 2 will delve into the biblical foundations of unity and intergenerational collaboration, examining scriptural principles that emphasize mutual respect and cooperation. Chapter 3 will provide theological and historical insights, highlighting examples of successful intergenerational ministry within …
Mentoring And Training In Performance Librarianship, Mallory Sajewski
Mentoring And Training In Performance Librarianship, Mallory Sajewski
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Performance librarians, or ensemble librarians, consist of a subset of music librarians who serve the music and information needs of orchestras, bands, and other performing ensembles. As there is no formal training system for performance librarians, the skills required to win an audition for a job must be learned by working with a mentor. This study investigated the mentoring process experienced by both mentors and mentees in the training and career preparation of performance librarians. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted semistructured interviews with 21 performance librarians in the United States and used thematic analysis to analyze the …
Metaphors For Metamorphosis: The Poetics Of Kenosis And The Apophasis Of Self In Saint John Of The Cross, George Faithful
Metaphors For Metamorphosis: The Poetics Of Kenosis And The Apophasis Of Self In Saint John Of The Cross, George Faithful
Social Justice | Faculty Scholarship
Spanish mystic Saint Juan (John) of the Cross (1542–1591) began writing poetry while imprisoned by his own monastic order. He developed manuals for contemplation, in part, in the form of commentaries on his principal poems. Their first-person narrators were women who underwent metamorphoses in order to pursue love: one became a dove in her despair; another became flame itself; the last disguised herself as a knight. Juan explained that all three represented the soul that is seeking God. For readers, these metaphors could engender cognitive dissonance, through which they might step outside of themselves and move closer to union with …
The Role Of Environmental & Climate Issues In Utahns' Migration Decisions Along The Rural-Urban Continuum, Mufti Nadimul Quamar Ahmed, Jessica Ulrich-Schad, Jennifer E. Givens, Kirsten Vinyeta, Stacia Ryder
The Role Of Environmental & Climate Issues In Utahns' Migration Decisions Along The Rural-Urban Continuum, Mufti Nadimul Quamar Ahmed, Jessica Ulrich-Schad, Jennifer E. Givens, Kirsten Vinyeta, Stacia Ryder
Utah People and Environment Poll (UPEP)
Human relocation from one place to another is not new.1 People move within or beyond borders for short or long periods, either temporarily or permanently, and they factor multiple internal and external issues into their migration decisions. Along with economic, political, social, and demographic drivers, 2,3 people may choose to migrate because of deterioration in their living and working environments.
Ua19/16/5/16 Athletic Media Relations - Volleyball Film/Ideo/Audio File, Wku Archives
Ua19/16/5/16 Athletic Media Relations - Volleyball Film/Ideo/Audio File, Wku Archives
WKU Archives Collection Inventories
Video of WKU volleyball games.
Artificial Intelligence In Health Care: Business Opportunities And Ethical Challenges, Ankita Srivastava, Marco Marabelli, Jeffrey Moriarty
Artificial Intelligence In Health Care: Business Opportunities And Ethical Challenges, Ankita Srivastava, Marco Marabelli, Jeffrey Moriarty
Philosophy Faculty Publications
Artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular generative AI (GAI), are making incredible progress toward automation. The pervasive and invasive nature of these technologies are affecting every industry, and health care is no exception. This paper summarizes insights derived from a panel that the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics and the Center for Health and Business at Bentley University hosted in March 2024. The panel invited three qualified health care professionals: Evan Carey, Susan Persky and John Torous. The panelists are all active in multiple aspects of AI in health care but represent a focus on the key areas of policy …
Artificial Intelligence In Health Care: Business Opportunities And Ethical Challenges, Ankita Srivastava, Marco Marabelli, Jeffrey Moriarty
Artificial Intelligence In Health Care: Business Opportunities And Ethical Challenges, Ankita Srivastava, Marco Marabelli, Jeffrey Moriarty
Computer Information Systems Faculty Publications
Artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular generative AI (GAI), are making incredible progress toward automation. The pervasive and invasive nature of these technologies are affecting every industry, and health care is no exception. This paper summarizes insights derived from a panel that the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics and the Center for Health and Business at Bentley University hosted in March 2024. The panel invited three qualified health care professionals: Evan Carey, Susan Persky and John Torous. The panelists are all active in multiple aspects of AI in health care but represent a focus on the key areas of policy …
60th International Congress On Medieval Studies, Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University
60th International Congress On Medieval Studies, Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University
International Congress on Medieval Studies Archive
The printed program of the 60th International Congress on Medieval Studies (May 8–10, 2025), together with the Corrigenda.
Has Spain Recovered From The 2008-2009 European Financial Crisis?, Blake H. Rogers
Has Spain Recovered From The 2008-2009 European Financial Crisis?, Blake H. Rogers
CISLA Senior Integrative Projects
The 2008-2009 Financial Crisis, which originated in the United States, shocked global markets. Being incredibly linked to the United States' markets, European markets like Spain felt the effects first. However, their build-up to the crisis was unique to the United States, its fellow European Union members, and the PIIGS nations. The PIIGS nations, comprising Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, were a collection of primarily Southern European economies whose accession into the European Union led to unchecked borrowing at previously unheard-of interest rates. These rates created a massive cycle of borrowing to invest but ceased as the crisis halted all …
Perspectivism And Wicked Problems: Patterns In The Discovery Process Of Leibniz, Bohr, And Turing, Ernesto Diaz
Perspectivism And Wicked Problems: Patterns In The Discovery Process Of Leibniz, Bohr, And Turing, Ernesto Diaz
Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Authored Dissertations and Theses
This research investigates fundamental patterns in how transformative scientific knowledge emerges and becomes established, examining three pivotal cases: Leibniz's development of calculus, Bohr's formulation of complementarity, and Turing's conceptualisation of computation and artificial intelligence. The study introduces the o-é-c model (Ouverture Ontologique - Épistémè Socialisante - Connaissance Éclairante) to explain how individual insights become integrated into collective knowledge through structured phases of development. Drawing on Minsky's conception of knowledge as mental models for problem-solving and Longino's social epistemology, the research demonstrates how wicked problems—those that resist formulation within existing frameworks—catalyse the creation of new knowledge domains. The model reveals how …
The Air Of The Now And Gone, Sarah E.K. Smith, Kirsty Robertson
The Air Of The Now And Gone, Sarah E.K. Smith, Kirsty Robertson
FIMS Publications
This publication accompanies the 2025 exhibition The Air of the Now and Gone, curated by Kirsty Robertson and Sarah E.K. Smith. They ask: in the face of the “wicked problem” of climate change, which precludes easy solutions, how can we move forward? How can we address a crisis that prompts apathy and disconnect? In their introductory essay, Robertson and Smith discuss the works of the artists, who refuse detachment and simultaneously complicate idealism. Like the artists, the curators seek to encourage diverse responses to the realities of climate change, moving beyond apathy and despair to engage empathy, wonder, joy, …
Heteropoesia: Basil Bunting’S Translation Of Obayd Zākānī’S Mush-O Gorbeh, Emadeddin Naghipour
Heteropoesia: Basil Bunting’S Translation Of Obayd Zākānī’S Mush-O Gorbeh, Emadeddin Naghipour
Languages and Cultures Publications
This article studies the role of ‘selving’ and creative interpretation in literary translation. Specifically, it analyzes one of Basil Bunting’s successful translations of Obayd Zākānī’s Mush-o Gorbeh, a picturesque and catchy poem in rhyme and rhythm, laden with animal characters, which was considered to be both a masterpiece of children’s literature and a very important political satire. Bunting, a translator of Persian classical poems into English, had both political and poetic missions as a spy and an up-and-coming poet. This study turns to the theories of translation by Steiner, Benjamin, and Bassnett, among others, to show the challenges of translating …
Early Baseball And Historic Liberty Park Stadium In Sedalia, Missouri, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Early Baseball And Historic Liberty Park Stadium In Sedalia, Missouri, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Small baseball parks with grandstands constructed prior to the Second World War continue to be lost around the country, and much of the sport’s history is lost with them. Missouri has a few such ballparks remaining within its borders, including those in Carthage, Hannibal, and St. Joseph. In addition, Sedalia has what is arguably one of the finest examples in the nation of a small ballpark with an historic wooden grandstand constructed in 1937–1938 that continues to serve its original purpose. This article is a brief introduction to baseball in Sedalia from the end of the Civil War through the …
Toward A Black Baseball League For Kansas City, 1898–1916: Proposals And Challenges, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Toward A Black Baseball League For Kansas City, 1898–1916: Proposals And Challenges, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Studies of Negro Leagues baseball from 1920 through the 1950s address various aspects of the organization and operation of the leagues and provide portraits of the teams, players, and other prominent individuals. However, there were earlier attempts by Black teams to organize leagues during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Given the many proposed and short-lived leagues prior to 1920, the focus of this monograph is the proposals that included teams from Kansas City. None of the leagues proposed before the First World War survived beyond its inaugural season, but the number of proposals offered during a span of three …
Who’S On First? Kansas City’S Female Baseball Stars, 1899–1929, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Who’S On First? Kansas City’S Female Baseball Stars, 1899–1929, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Although female players were typically excluded from formal baseball teams, teams consisting entirely or partly of female players were organized across the country as early as the mid-1800s. The first female baseball club in Kansas and adjacent states was organized in Wichita in 1873. These early teams predated the arrival of the barnstorming teams with female players and usually one or more male players, who were sometimes disguised as women. Female players on most of these early traveling teams wore bloomers, and the teams were referred to as “bloomer girls.” Women on later teams wore traditional baseball uniforms and objected …
The Color Line In Kansas Baseball And The “Champion Stars” Of Fort Scott, 1874–1878, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
The Color Line In Kansas Baseball And The “Champion Stars” Of Fort Scott, 1874–1878, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Fort Scott was represented by the second baseball team in Kansas to join the National Association of Base-Ball Players in 1866. The city was also the site of the state’s first known baseball games between segregated teams of Black and white players. In 1874 and 1877, a Black baseball team named the Star Base Ball Club claimed the informal city championship of Fort Scott. This essay describes the first games between Black and white teams in Kansas, the early history of baseball in Fort Scott, and the history of the Star Base Ball Club during the 1870s. This essay was …
Black Baseball In Kansas City, 1870–1919, Revised And Expanded, Mark E. Eberle
Black Baseball In Kansas City, 1870–1919, Revised And Expanded, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
The Kansas City Monarchs, a Black baseball team founded by J.L. Wilkinson in 1920, is one of the storied franchises in Negro Leagues history. The story of Black baseball teams and players in Kansas City prior to this is less known, yet it forms the foundation on which the 1920 Monarchs were established. The early amateur and semipro teams first organized in the 1870s each played a few years, but in 1899, former classmates organized the Lincoln High Schools and played as the Jenkins’ Sons in 1900–1907 and the “original” Kansas City Monarchs in 1908–1909. Two professional teams—the Kansas City …
Deaf Baseball Players In Kansas And Kansas City, 1878–1911, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Deaf Baseball Players In Kansas And Kansas City, 1878–1911, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, William Hoy and Luther Taylor were well-known baseball players in the major leagues. Hoy and Taylor were also deaf. Consequently, they were given the same inappropriate nickname—Dummy. Several other deaf ballplayers enjoyed careers in the major and minor leagues, as well as on other professional teams. This narrative focuses on the lesser-known aspects of the early history of deaf baseball players and teams, with an emphasis on Kansas. It opens with the experiences of students at the Kansas State School for the Deaf at the end of the nineteenth century, where Luther Taylor …
Baseball’S Color Line In Kansas And The Chanute Black Diamonds Of 1904–1906, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Baseball’S Color Line In Kansas And The Chanute Black Diamonds Of 1904–1906, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
The major and minor leagues excluded black baseball players for most of their history until Jackie Robinson broke the color line in 1946 and 1947. However, at the local level, the color line was not always so absolute. Town teams were occasionally integrated, and segregated teams played each other, sometimes with the local championship on the line. Among the small towns where this occurred was Chanute, Kansas, where a black ball club named the Chanute Black Diamonds was first organized in 1900. From 1904 through 1906, the Black Diamonds assembled a team of the best players from Chanute and nearby …
Scott Joplin, Ragtime, And Baseball In Sedalia, Missouri In 1900, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Scott Joplin, Ragtime, And Baseball In Sedalia, Missouri In 1900, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Scott Joplin first achieved recognition as a composer with the publication of his Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri in 1899. A few months later, a Sedalia newspaper reported that Joplin and fellow musician Henry Jackson organized the Shortridge-Robb baseball club. They planned to host a team from Kansas City at Liberty Park in Sedalia on 4 August 1900. Nothing else was published about the team in surviving Sedalia newspapers. This monograph examines the circumstances surrounding the organization of the Shortridge-Robb baseball club in an attempt to ascertain why it was organized and whether it played any games. This essay …
Promoting Good Roads: Basketball And Baseball On The Red Line Road In 1915, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Promoting Good Roads: Basketball And Baseball On The Red Line Road In 1915, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
The first good road associations in Kansas with an interest in interstate travel were organized in 1910–1914. Construction of roads in rural Kansas was seen as a benefit to farmers and ranchers and to towns trying to attract visitors as automobiles and cross-country trips became more common. Initially, most of these efforts were implemented by counties and other local entities, with volunteers making substantial contributions. Most of these early routes were marked by colored bands painted on telegraph and telephone poles. Thus, they were sometimes known by names such as the Red Line Road or Golden Belt Road. These two …
Topeka Enters The Minor Leagues, 1886–1887: Bud Fowler And Goldsby’S Golden Giants, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Topeka Enters The Minor Leagues, 1886–1887: Bud Fowler And Goldsby’S Golden Giants, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
The first minor league baseball teams in Kansas represented Topeka and Leavenworth as members of the Western League in 1886 and 1887. The 1886 Topeka Base Ball Club was an integrated team, featuring Bud Fowler at second base. Although Black ballplayers were generally excluded from playing on minor league or major league clubs prior to 1946, Fowler was a fan favorite in Topeka and the team’s leading hitter. The team finished fourth among the six teams. In 1887, the Topeka Base Ball Association hired Walton Goldsby to manage the club and improve on the previous record. Goldsby assembled a team …
Integrated Baseball In Kansas During The Sport's Era Of Segregation, 1865-1945, Second Edition, Mark E. Eberle
Integrated Baseball In Kansas During The Sport's Era Of Segregation, 1865-1945, Second Edition, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Black athletes were barred from playing baseball in the major and minor leagues prior to 1946 with few exceptions. Less studied is integrated baseball among independent town teams, and this research has focused on particular players or circumstances rather than an entire state or region across a long span of baseball history. Most newspapers published in Kansas prior to 1923 and several published after that year have been digitized, providing a substantial amount of information that makes the state well suited to serve as a case study of the broader history of integrated baseball from 1865 to 1945. This book …
Cricket And Base Ball In Kansas, 1860–1869, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Cricket And Base Ball In Kansas, 1860–1869, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
During the 1860s, cricket clubs were organized before the first baseball clubs in Kansas. Following the US Civil War, baseball grew in popularity, and soldiers and immigrants from the Northeast and Midwest brought the sport with them to the state. This essay describes the first two cricket clubs in Kansas—the Leavenworth Occidental Cricket Club and the Wyandotte City Cricket Club—and the transition to baseball. This essay was originally published in 2019 and has undergone revisions and corrections for its release in 2025 as part of the five-volume anthology Peeking through the Knothole. The open-access, digital version of this essay is …
Early Football In Abilene, Kansas, From Lott To Eisenhower, 1891–1910, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Early Football In Abilene, Kansas, From Lott To Eisenhower, 1891–1910, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
During the late nineteenth century, the name “football” could refer to early versions of soccer, rugby, or American football. In 1891, the city of Concordia, Kansas even had a women’s football team, who probably played soccer (association football). However, American football soon dominated interest in Kansas. Given the likelihood of injury and the organized practice time and coaching necessary, communities were slow to take up American football during the early years of the sport. Consequently, few games were played against teams from other communities. Another monograph summarized the history of football in Kansas through 1891 and the beginning of intercollegiate …
“Foot Ball Seems To Be Usurping The Place Of Base Ball.” Football In Kansas, 1856–1891, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
“Foot Ball Seems To Be Usurping The Place Of Base Ball.” Football In Kansas, 1856–1891, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Following the US Civil War, baseball quickly spread among communities across Kansas. Football was less widespread, and the first reports of “foot ball” during this period referred to early versions of association football (soccer) or rugby. American football developed from modifications to rugby rules beginning in the late 1870s and continuing into the early twentieth century. A few Kansas communities experimented briefly with soccer, rugby, and American football teams based on the model of town team baseball. However, interest in American football soon dominated, with attention focused on collegiate teams. The first intercollegiate games in Kansas were played in the …
Everyone Wore Masks: Winter Baseball During The Flu Pandemic Of 1918–1919, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Everyone Wore Masks: Winter Baseball During The Flu Pandemic Of 1918–1919, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Efforts to control the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 were in the hands of local officials, creating a mosaic of regulations. Among the aspects of society affected by these regulations were organized sports, which attracted large groups of people that could contribute to the spread of the disease. Infection rates were highest during the cooler months, so baseball was largely unaffected. However, southern California had an active winter baseball season that attracted major league players, who earned money by playing for teams such as the Pasadena Merchants. Pasadena and the Standard-Murphy team from the oil field region near Whittier were in …
“What’S In A Name?” Baseball Goes To Town In 1886, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
“What’S In A Name?” Baseball Goes To Town In 1886, Revised, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
In 1886, the St. Louis Browns of the American Association defeated the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) of the National League in a postseason series, the only time an American Association club won the series played from 1884 to 1890. Also in 1886, the Missouri Pacific railroad organized the construction of a rail line in Kansas from Council Grove through Osage City to Ottawa. To commemorate the Browns’ season, the Missouri Pacific named two new stations after Browns’ players: Bushong in Lyon County and Comiskey in Morris County. Albert “Doc” Bushong was a catcher for the Browns, and …