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2020

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Articles 17701 - 17730 of 18167

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

A Modified Standard American Diet (Msad) Induces Physiological Parameters Associated The With Metabolic Syndrome In C57bl/6j Mice, Sophie Bru Chehade Jan 2020

A Modified Standard American Diet (Msad) Induces Physiological Parameters Associated The With Metabolic Syndrome In C57bl/6j Mice, Sophie Bru Chehade

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity manifests physiologically in multiple organ systems of the body, typically increasing the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Researchers have questioned the causative role that western dietary patterns have on disease pathogenesis and have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote optimal animal model health and reduce variation of results across experiments. These diets have been invaluable to murine research; however, their translational value in studying human nutrition-related pathologies is limited. Early …

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The Effect Of Visual Training On The Attention System And Visual Cortex, Mandy Kathleen Biles Jan 2020

The Effect Of Visual Training On The Attention System And Visual Cortex, Mandy Kathleen Biles

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There are many contexts in which experience causes lasting changes in behavior that improve our ability to respond to our environment. Such improvements in performance, sometimes referred to as perceptual learning, are often the result of training and can enhance our ability to effectively respond to our environment. Recently, researchers have sought a more detailed understanding of perceptual learning and worked to apply these principles to improve perceptual learning in applied domains. In addition to training, another way to improve our perception of the environment is to increase the level of attention paid to features that are useful to us. …

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Parents’ Personal Characteristics In Explaining Perceptions Of Infant Temperament, Logan Boe Jan 2020

Parents’ Personal Characteristics In Explaining Perceptions Of Infant Temperament, Logan Boe

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Although a popular topic in developmental psychology research, straightforward ways to interpret measurements of infant temperament (IT) are lacking. Notably, parental personal characteristics, such as psychological distress and regulatory abilities, and resources available to parents may influence parents’ IT reports. The aims of the current project were to: 1) determine if parental characteristics mediate the association between IT and household income; 2) determine if personal resources available to parents (social support, coping, partner satisfaction) moderate the relationships between parental characteristics and IT; and 3) determine which parental characteristics predict differences between mothers’ and fathers’ IT reports. Prenatally, 201 mothers and …

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The Ecology Of Arribada Nesting And Early Life-History Events In The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Amy Bonka Jan 2020

The Ecology Of Arribada Nesting And Early Life-History Events In The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Amy Bonka

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The Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) has a regionalized distribution, occur-ring in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It is unique among sea turtles in that it nests during the daytime, at a single, primary nesting beach, and utilizes synchronized, mass nesting events (termed arribadas). This arribada behavior has been hypothesized to enhance nest and hatchling survival through predator satiation and predator avoidance. The aims of this dissertation research are to investigate the ecology and dynamics of arribada nesting and early life-history events in the Kemp’s ridley. Significant, non-random, location-specific aggregations of …

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Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Offenders: The Potential Mediating Role Of Familial Incarceration, Susan Faith Boyd Jan 2020

Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Offenders: The Potential Mediating Role Of Familial Incarceration, Susan Faith Boyd

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Each year hundreds of thousands of ex-offenders are released from U.S. jails and prisons to return to their communities. After release, ex-offenders’ families can play a critical role in helping their loved ones re-adjust to life outside of prison as well as meet the terms of their release; however, the severe financial, emotional, and social hardships associated with reentry have great potential to strengthen or weaken ex-offenders’ family support networks. The current study sought to explore how attitudes toward offenders differ between offenders’ family members and individuals who have never experienced familial incarceration. Adaptations of The Attitudes Toward Prisoners Scale …

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Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant Jan 2020

Symbolic Annihilation, The Politics Of (Mis)Representation, And The Stress And Health Of Millennial Black Women, Chenoia Nicole Bryant

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The (mis)representation of Black populations in media has been extensively explored and critiqued by several scholars. From their introduction into media through radio to their visi-bility in television and news, the tropes of Black womanhood have carried over from colo-nialist perspectives to present day. Considering race and gender as cultural structures con-straining Black women through the assignment of stereotypical scripts, it is important to consider how, when and where Black women’s agency enters. Negative racialized and gendered stereotypes are informed by culture at large, but Black women’s agency impacts the interpretation of these (mis)representations, offering space for both conformity and …

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Photoexcitation Dynamics In Optimally Doped Lsco Thin Films Under Applied Magnetic Field, Ashlyn Damaris Burch Jan 2020

Photoexcitation Dynamics In Optimally Doped Lsco Thin Films Under Applied Magnetic Field, Ashlyn Damaris Burch

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This thesis will study the photoexcitation dynamics observed in optimally doped La2-xSrxCuO2 (LSCO) thin films while under magnetic field. The high temperature superconducting cuprates display strong spin-fluctuations and appearances of mixed phase regimes that are heavily dependent on their doping levels. This thesis focuses on the optimal Sr doping level x = 0.15. The experimental technique uses femtosecond pulses to probe the normal metallic and superconducting phases in this material while applying external electric and magnetic perturbations. The broadband (0.1 - 10 THz) optical pump-terahertz probe spectrometer that is intended for studying this material was designed at the University of …

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Cognitive Factors And Treatment Adherence In Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess Jan 2020

Cognitive Factors And Treatment Adherence In Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening chronic illness which requires adherence to a many complex and time-consuming treatments. Adherence is suboptimal in this population. Thus, it is important to consider predictors of treatment adherence. Research has evaluated a number of cognitive factors that are related to adherence in groups with chronic illnesses, including those with CF. The present study considers three factors (health locus of control (HLC), perceived social support, and perceived disease severity) in order to address important gaps in the literature evaluating their relationships with treatment adherence. For each of these factors, the current research is limited by …

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Investigating The Efficacy And Parental Impact Of A Novel Community Education Workshop For Caregivers Of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christian Clesi Jan 2020

Investigating The Efficacy And Parental Impact Of A Novel Community Education Workshop For Caregivers Of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christian Clesi

All ETDs from UAB

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability that is characterized by impairments in social communication and repetitive behavior patterns that currently affects one in fifty-four individuals. Individuals with ASD often experience greater health disparities than the general population related to a lack of services that are available and systemic barriers to accessing care. Alabama’s Regional Autism Network is tasked with serving this population to reduce health disparities and increase health equity. One region within the Network created a psychoeducation program for caregivers and providers of individuals with ASD with the goal of providing evidence-based knowledge, teaching ASD intervention skills, …

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Denervation Supersensitivity Of Βeta-Adrenergic Receptors In A Prodromal Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, The Tgf344-Ad Rat, Anthoni Goodman Jan 2020

Denervation Supersensitivity Of Βeta-Adrenergic Receptors In A Prodromal Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, The Tgf344-Ad Rat, Anthoni Goodman

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The central noradrenergic (NA) system is critical for maintenance of attention, behavioral flexibility, spatial navigation, and learning and memory, those cognitive functions lost first in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In fact, the locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of norepinephrine (NE) in brain, is the first site of pathological tau accumulation in human AD associated with axon loss throughout forebrain, including hippocampus. The dentate gyrus (DG) is heavily innervated by LC-NA axons, where released norepinephrine (NE) acts on β adrenergic receptors (ARs) at excitatory synapses from entorhinal cortex (EC) to facilitate long-term synaptic plasticity and memory formation. These synapses show …

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Examining The Role Of Neighborhood Quality On The Association Of Mammography Adherence Among Racial/Ethnic Groups, Roman Johnson Jan 2020

Examining The Role Of Neighborhood Quality On The Association Of Mammography Adherence Among Racial/Ethnic Groups, Roman Johnson

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Although several racial/ethnic minority women groups (e.g., Latina, Black, Asian-American, and Native-American women) have lower breast cancer incidence than white women, they are more likely to die from breast cancer. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is racial/ethnic differences in mammography use. Mammography has been shown to contribute to the discovery of tumor proliferation earlier which translates to less breast cancer complications like greater risk of breast cancer-related mortality. Previous studies on racial/ethnic differences in mammography adherence (e.g., annual and biannual mammography adherence) have been inconclusive, and they generally overlook important contextual factors, namely neighborhood quality and geographic location (e.g., …

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Is Ambition Consequential? Exploring The Association Between Depressive Symptomatology And The Educational Expectation Trajectories And Achievements Of Immigrant Youth, Fabrice Stanley Julien Jan 2020

Is Ambition Consequential? Exploring The Association Between Depressive Symptomatology And The Educational Expectation Trajectories And Achievements Of Immigrant Youth, Fabrice Stanley Julien

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Concerning mental health outcomes, immigrant youth are a particularly vulnerable population. The lack of health care access contributes to aggrandized and unmet mental health needs. This research explores how the social positions of immigrant families influence stress exposure and contribute to a worsening of well-being. Past research points to the societal stressors experienced by these young people, as significant predictors of their well-being. But what occurs when the source of stress originates within the home? Specifically, this study examines how stress, educational expectations and academic achievement influence the depressive symptomatology of immigrant youth. Education is a widely recognized predictor of …

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Mendicant Enterprise And Human Rights In New Spain, Elliot Nicholson-Cox Jan 2020

Mendicant Enterprise And Human Rights In New Spain, Elliot Nicholson-Cox

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In 1521, the destruction of Aztec leadership created a disjointed network of native communities in what is now Mexico but would come to be known as New Spain. Until 1572 New Spain was an open and contested space for political, economic, and religious dominance among various Spanish factions. This dominance was predicated upon an evangelical mission in service to the conversion of native people from “pagans” to Christians. Religious education and evangelization by mendicant friars may have, either as a deliberate or consequential outcome, promoted or enforced collaboration and minimized direct and violent conflict during this period. Some religious friars …

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Between Breaths, Kristin Entler Jan 2020

Between Breaths, Kristin Entler

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This collection evaluates, primarily, the nature of absence through a study of negative space, which acts as the common thread that stitches this collection together into a cohesive whole. Through evaluation of relationships, both familial and romantic, with the external world and with the self, I’ve worked to evaluate the space that’s left behind. Each poem features the absence of something or someone that then acts as a mirror to reflect the self, the emotional state that remains. In many, the loss of a close friend is in the fore, where that absence is taken up by grief, longing, and …

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Parent Reactions To Sexual And Gender Identity Disclosure Events In The Deep South, Allison Claire Estep Jan 2020

Parent Reactions To Sexual And Gender Identity Disclosure Events In The Deep South, Allison Claire Estep

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Disclosure of sexuality by coming out is a central part of the process of self-identification for LGBT youth (Denes & Afifi, 2014). Parents’ initial response to their child’s coming out is linked to parent-child relationship satisfaction and if the child will later feel the need to come out for a second time or to clarify their sexual identity (Denes et al. 2014). Parental acceptance of LGBT youth’s disclosure has been linked to higher self-esteem and lower rates of suicidal tendencies, depression, and substance abuse (Needham & Austin, 2010; Ryan, Russell, Huebner, Diaz, & Sanchez, 2010). Current research regarding parent reactions …

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Public Participation As Peacebuilding: A New Model For Environmental Justice Communities, Kathryn E. Fagan Jan 2020

Public Participation As Peacebuilding: A New Model For Environmental Justice Communities, Kathryn E. Fagan

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Environmental justice seeks to address the unequal burden of environmental problems experienced by minority and low-income communities and to ensure their meaningful participation in decision-making processes. While there is increasing attention being paid to the unequal distribution, there is a lack of work that focuses explicitly on public participation in an environmental justice context. Environmental problems, in general, are complex and involve a variety of stakeholders, and environmental justice problems are further complicated by the interconnections of structural racism, historical trauma, and damaged relationships. Many of these complexities can be seen in the ongoing efforts at the 35th Avenue Superfund …

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Functionalized Aromatic Organic Scintillators As Tools For Non-Invasive Optogenetics, David French Jan 2020

Functionalized Aromatic Organic Scintillators As Tools For Non-Invasive Optogenetics, David French

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Optogenetics is a growing discipline of neuroscience that attempts to control brain circuits using light. Current techniques involving surgically implanted light-emittingdiodes are highly invasive. This limitation could be avoided by the use of a tissuepenetrative light source, such as x-rays, and a locally applied down-converting material. This work describes the design, optimization, and proof-of-concept application of organic aromatic-based scintillators as non-invasive tools for optogenetics. The first chapter describes the synthesis of 2-anthryl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate copolymers and an evaluation of their use as x-ray induced scintillators (radioluminescence). The 2-anthryl methacrylate monomer and the copolymers all exhibited radioluminescence in the solid state. …

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Optical And Electrical Characterization Of Transition Metal And Rare-Earth Metal Doped Ii-Vi Semiconductors For Mid-Ir Laser Applications, Ozarfar Gafarov Jan 2020

Optical And Electrical Characterization Of Transition Metal And Rare-Earth Metal Doped Ii-Vi Semiconductors For Mid-Ir Laser Applications, Ozarfar Gafarov

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The middle-infrared (mid-IR) 2-8 μm and long-wavelength-infrared (LWIR) 8-20 μm spectral range enjoys a lot of attention from the scientific, medical, and industrial communities. A number of applications such as spectroscopy, medical diagnosis, surgical procedures, materials processing, remote detection of organic compounds, free-space-communication, and many others are possible. Transition metal (TM) doped II-VI semiconductors are the materials of choice for accessing the mid-IR. The II-VI host materials feature broad infrared transparency, low phonon frequency, and low optical losses. When doped with TM ions, these media exhibit a four-level energy structure, the absence of excited state absorption, and broad absorption and …

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The Non-Protostegid Cretaceous Marine Turtles Of Alabama And Their Bearing On The Evolution Of Extant Chelonioids, Andrew Gentry Jan 2020

The Non-Protostegid Cretaceous Marine Turtles Of Alabama And Their Bearing On The Evolution Of Extant Chelonioids, Andrew Gentry

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The non-protostegid marine turtle fossils recovered from the Late Cretaceous of Alabama may represent some of the most recent common ancestors of modern marine turtles. Despite their evolutionary significance, almost no formal studies have been conducted on these animals for more than 60 years. Many of these species are known from incomplete holotypes which has led to decades of systematic ambiguity and made specific referrals of recently collected fossil material exceedingly challenging. The aim of this study is to review and describe the specimens of Cretaceous marine turtles collected from Alabama to determine if this material can be used to …

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The Validation Of The Synthetic Cannabinoid 5-Fluoro Pb-22, Trista M. Gray Jan 2020

The Validation Of The Synthetic Cannabinoid 5-Fluoro Pb-22, Trista M. Gray

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The first synthetic cannabinoid was developed in the late 1980s by chemist John W. Huffman in an effort to understand the two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). The cannabinoid receptors are not only involved in the high experienced by marijuana users, but also the control of appetite, pain, and sleep. While the development of synthetic cannabinoids led to a greater understanding of the cannabinoid receptors, it also precipitated an entirely new drug market. Clandestine chemists hijack scientific research, using methods published in scientific articles to synthesize cannabinoids for distribution in the gray market. Products containing synthetic cannabinoids are marketed as …

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Proving Their Worth: Exploring Refugee-Specific Barriers To Providing Evidence Of Overseas Education, Courtney Cook Jan 2020

Proving Their Worth: Exploring Refugee-Specific Barriers To Providing Evidence Of Overseas Education, Courtney Cook

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For immigrants to the United States, a credential evaluation can be the key to a stable and happy future. A credential evaluation allows individuals to access higher education or qualify for professional jobs. Unfortunately, refugees, and other groups in a refugee-like situation, are often unable to obtain an evaluation of their credentials due to barriers related to their status or experiences. These individuals are often unable to provide the official copies of their credentials required by credential evaluation companies and higher education institutions, in order to issue an evaluation. This paper seeks to enrich understanding of this issue by answering …

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A Comparison Of Collection Materials And Differential Dna Extraction Methods Used To Extract Sperm And Buccal Cell Mixtures, Tyler Lawayne Corbin Jan 2020

A Comparison Of Collection Materials And Differential Dna Extraction Methods Used To Extract Sperm And Buccal Cell Mixtures, Tyler Lawayne Corbin

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This study focuses on two areas of interest when performing differential extractions for sexual assault kit analysis. By choosing different collection substrates, a traditional cotton swab, a nylon flocked swab, and a teased cotton swab, cellular elution capabilities were compared using two different semen dilutions. Nylon flocked swabs showed the most promise in obtaining a better male DNA yield compared to other swab types of similar dilution sets. Differential extraction methods introducing enzymatic digestion steps were modified and paired with the Qiagen DNA Investigator kit protocol to investigate their effects on cellular elution, cell separation, and time. These modified methods …

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Early Childhood Quality Of Education And Late-Life Cognitive Function In A Population-Based Sample From Puerto Rico, Cheyanne Celine Barba Jan 2020

Early Childhood Quality Of Education And Late-Life Cognitive Function In A Population-Based Sample From Puerto Rico, Cheyanne Celine Barba

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In general, greater years of education is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, but the strength of this association has been found to differ by study population. Additionally, quality of education is understudied, despite evidence that quality of education and, in turn, literacy, may be additional indicators of cognitive reserve. This thesis examined years of education, literacy, and childhood quality of education indicators in relation to late-life cognitive outcomes in an older Puerto Rican population. We hypothesized that greater years of education, literacy, and quality of childhood education would be positively associated with each other, as …

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Laser Cooling Transitions In Atomic Gadolinium, Kevin Battles Jan 2020

Laser Cooling Transitions In Atomic Gadolinium, Kevin Battles

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Ultra-cold samples of atomic Gadolinium (Gd) are of interest for developing novel time-frequency standards, investigating strongly correlated Rydberg atoms, and state-of-the-art nanoscale applications. In this work, I present previous work in which the hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts were measured for the first time in spin-forbidden transitions of atomic Gd, which are of interest for experiments investigating dipolar physics. The spin forbidden transitions are found to be too weak for use as laser cooling lines but would prove useful for developing a novel optical frequency standard due to the suppression of background blackbody radiation shifts and laser frequency shifts from …

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The Evolution Of Racism Through The Lens Of Lynching Rhetoric And Memory, Tammy Blue Jan 2020

The Evolution Of Racism Through The Lens Of Lynching Rhetoric And Memory, Tammy Blue

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The Evolution of Racism Through the Lens of Lynching Rhetoric and Memory, examines the use of ‘lynching’ in its definition, legislation and politics. Rhetoric has the power to influence and persuade, therefore when public figures manipulate lynching rhetoric, the meaning of lynching becomes distorted. In part, this thesis explores the difficulty of defining lynching. Among others, key players in this process included Walter White of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Monroe Work of the Tuskegee Institute, and Jessie Daniel Ames of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL). Their battle to …

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Assessment Of Neuropsychological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury And Association With Early Orientation Performance, Christina Diblasio Jan 2020

Assessment Of Neuropsychological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury And Association With Early Orientation Performance, Christina Diblasio

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Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of permanent disability, and cognition plays a critical role in overall function and life after TBI. Moderate-severe TBI often creates long-term deficits in the domains of attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function. Given the prevalence of cognitive deficits following injury and the debilitating effects these deficits can have on functioning, it is important to monitor cognition directly following injury and across recovery. Routine cognitive assessment is essential in order to identify deficits, track recovery, and better guide rehabilitation and educational efforts. It is also critical to identify accurate and feasible …

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Adolescent Fast Food Consumption: Underlying Factors And Related Health Outcomes, Lindsay Marie Stager Jan 2020

Adolescent Fast Food Consumption: Underlying Factors And Related Health Outcomes, Lindsay Marie Stager

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Obesity represents one of our nation’s leading public health issues. In 2017, over 30% of U.S. high school students presented with either overweight (15.6%) or obesity (14.8%). These trends are alarming as early childhood and adolescence are critical developmental periods for establishing healthy eating and exercise behaviors. Though past research has uncovered many factors related to adolescent eating behaviors, few studies have examined the longitudinal impacts of parenting and family variables on diet across the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Further, there is a lack of longitudinal research regarding health outcomes of fast food consumption during this same developmental period. …

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Self-Awareness Of Functional Deficits In Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kayla Ann Steward Jan 2020

Self-Awareness Of Functional Deficits In Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kayla Ann Steward

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Performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) can become compromised in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Poor self-awareness of deficits, also known as anosognosia, occurs in a substantial minority of those with MCI and varies in extent depending on the domain examined. This dissertation attempts to explain the inter- and intra-patient variability in anosognosia by examining (1) differences in objective IADL performance and self-awareness of functional difficulties between those with amnestic single- (-ASD) and multi-domain (-AMD) MCI, and by examining (2) the neuropsychological and (3) neuroanatomical correlates of anosognosia for IADLs in older adults across a broad …

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Novel Methods For Establishing The Capacity For Nociception And Cognition In The Zebrafish Danio Rerio, Chris Taylor Jan 2020

Novel Methods For Establishing The Capacity For Nociception And Cognition In The Zebrafish Danio Rerio, Chris Taylor

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Here we demonstrate the utility of a zebrafish-based model of nociception to serve as a novel screening tool for analgesic drugs. Zebrafish swimming behavior was measured following administration of various algogens used in rodent research. All compounds reduce distance traveled, thought to be an expression of nociception. Furthermore, we undertook to investigate the contribution of sex and feeding history on the acetic acid-evoked nociceptive response in zebrafish. Data suggest that male fish were more sensitive to pain than females, and that females recovered from pain faster than males. Dietary restriction increased pain sensitivity in zebrafish. We then tested the viability …

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The Journey Journals, Alayziah Diana Torres Jan 2020

The Journey Journals, Alayziah Diana Torres

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My love of travel started from a young age. My family and I would drive to New Mexico every summer to see extended family. I remember the eager anticipation of packing bags and grabbing my notebook for the long journey, playing the ABC game on the road, listening to my favorite CDs on repeat on my portable CD player, fighting with my older brother about which of us gets to stretch our legs in the backseat and for how long. But we never really went anywhere besides that annual trip to New Mexico and the occasional Panama City Beach weekend …

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