Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Creative Writing (4107)
- History (3921)
- Art and Design (3577)
- Poetry (3143)
- Fiction (3024)
-
- Photography (3014)
- Nonfiction (2962)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (2915)
- Illustration (2804)
- Religion (2787)
- English Language and Literature (1684)
- United States History (1454)
- Education (1330)
- Music (1283)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (938)
- Christianity (822)
- Philosophy (777)
- American Studies (761)
- Music Performance (758)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (714)
- Sociology (687)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (556)
- Theatre and Performance Studies (520)
- Anthropology (497)
- Communication (494)
- Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion (483)
- Women's Studies (437)
- Fine Arts (434)
- Military History (428)
- Institution
-
- Butler University (2691)
- Western Kentucky University (644)
- Brigham Young University (555)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (339)
- Wilfrid Laurier University (337)
-
- Stephen F. Austin State University (319)
- College of the Holy Cross (305)
- Dordt University (286)
- Gettysburg College (282)
- Georgia Southern University (281)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (278)
- George Fox University (275)
- Eastern Illinois University (270)
- Western Michigan University (254)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (227)
- Andrews University (211)
- Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis (211)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (202)
- Morehead State University (200)
- University of Montana (200)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (189)
- University of Northern Iowa (186)
- Asbury Theological Seminary (174)
- Purdue University (173)
- Liberty University (158)
- Grand Valley State University (148)
- Rhode Island School of Design (146)
- Furman University (144)
- Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art (142)
- Providence College (141)
- Keyword
-
- Poetry (438)
- Kentucky (349)
- Texas (260)
- Land grants (256)
- Church work with the deaf -- Catholic Church (243)
-
- Deaf -- Periodicals (243)
- Deaf culture (243)
- Hearing impaired (243)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (243)
- Fiction (239)
- Archaeology (236)
- Literature (221)
- English (220)
- History (214)
- In All Things (200)
- EIU (193)
- Syllabi (191)
- Art (179)
- Concordia Journal (173)
- Photography (173)
- Western Kentucky University (162)
- Literary magazine (151)
- Student (145)
- Furman University (143)
- UAB (139)
- Music (127)
- Women (125)
- Creative nonfiction (120)
- Literary (116)
- Civil War (115)
- Publication
-
- Manuscripts (2619)
- Manuscript Collection Finding Aids (381)
- Theses and Dissertations (283)
- Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (252)
- Faculty Work Comprehensive List (219)
-
- Canadian Military History (207)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (201)
- African American Funeral Programs (178)
- Concordia Journal (173)
- RELS 108 Human Spirituality: Student Perspectives (155)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (146)
- The Echo (143)
- Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art (142)
- Faculty Publications (130)
- Birmingham Poetry Review (113)
- Publications and Research (113)
- Honors Theses (108)
- Quaker Studies (104)
- Music Recital Programs (103)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (102)
- Arrow Rock (101)
- Fall 2015 (98)
- Concert Recordings & Programs (94)
- Spring 2015 (93)
- Uruk Journal of Human Sciences (86)
- WKU Administration Documents (83)
- Masters Theses (82)
- Playbill and Promotion (79)
- The Goose (79)
- School of Music Programs (76)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 17011 - 17040 of 18428
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Laws Of Image: Privacy And Publicity In America, Samantha Barbas
Laws Of Image: Privacy And Publicity In America, Samantha Barbas
Books
Americans have long been obsessed with their images—their looks, public personas, and the impressions they make. This preoccupation has left its mark on the law. The twentieth century saw the creation of laws that protect your right to control your public image, to defend your image, and to feel good about your image and public presentation of self. These include the legal actions against invasion of privacy, libel, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. With these laws came the phenomenon of "personal image litigation"—individuals suing to vindicate their image rights. Laws of Image tells the story of how Americans came …
A Study Of Vowels /Ɛ/ And /Ɪ/ In African American English And Standard American English, Lindsay Stefanski
A Study Of Vowels /Ɛ/ And /Ɪ/ In African American English And Standard American English, Lindsay Stefanski
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
This study examines the vowels /ɪ/ as in tin and /ɛ/ as in ten in African American English (AAE) and Standard American English (SAE) spoken in the Detroit, Michigan area. I first analyzed the acoustic properties of a number of speech samples to determine vowel quality and duration measurements. I then performed speech perception tests using the same speech samples. My analyses support and contradict claims about AAE and SAE, particularly with respect to speaker participation in vowel shifts such as the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), Southern Shift (SS), and pin-pen merger. My investigation of AAE and SAE vowels also …
Community College Developmental Education Services: Perspectives Of Spanish-Speaking Latino Early Childhood Educators, John Edward Eberly
Community College Developmental Education Services: Perspectives Of Spanish-Speaking Latino Early Childhood Educators, John Edward Eberly
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this single case study was to understand the perceptions of Latino Spanish-speaking English learners on the efficacy of developmental education services at a western United States community college. The conceptual frameworks used in the investigation included critical theory related to human emancipation, social learning theory aligned to second language acquisition, and contemporary adult learning theories. The goal of the investigation was to understand how students used and perceived the developmental education services to transition from Spanish language instruction to English coursework. Research questions focused on how the developmental education services contributed to the successful completion of the …
Success Factors For Women Of Color Information Technology Leaders In Corporate America, Annette Skervin
Success Factors For Women Of Color Information Technology Leaders In Corporate America, Annette Skervin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The 2013 United States Census data documents the significant underrepresentation of women of color in the information technology (IT) field. Women of color (Black, Hispanic, Asian or self-classified as non-White) represent an untapped resource in an industry with a low unemployment rate, high starting salaries, and a projected 18% growth rate by the year 2022. Prior researchers have studied White women in IT and have not provided a voice to women of color leaders. The specific problem addressed was the under-representation of women of color IT leaders in corporate America. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the …
An Examination Of Tribal Nation Integration In Homeland Security National Preparedness, Donald J. Reed
An Examination Of Tribal Nation Integration In Homeland Security National Preparedness, Donald J. Reed
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Research has established that national homeland security policy requires a whole community or all-of-nation approach to national security preparedness. What is less clear is whether all stakeholders are integrated into or benefit from this collective effort. This narrative policy analysis examined the relationship between a federally-recognized group of Native American tribal nations and homeland security national preparedness to explore whether tribal nations are effectively integrated with the collective effort for national preparedness. The theoretical framework stemmed from a convergence of social contract theory and conflict theory. Interviews (n = 21) were conducted with preparedness authorities from government agencies, and from …
Government Senior Executives' Perceptions Of Brain Drain On Leadership In The United States Virgin Islands, Shurla Jeffers-Knight
Government Senior Executives' Perceptions Of Brain Drain On Leadership In The United States Virgin Islands, Shurla Jeffers-Knight
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Highly qualified individuals are leaving the Caribbean and relocating to the United States and other developed countries. Researchers describe this resulting flight of human capital, or brain drain, from the Caribbean as a problem which has no clear definition or immediate solution. This phenomenological study explored perceptions of government senior executives in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) of the cause and impact of brain drain. Burns' and Bass's transformational and transactional leadership theories were used as the framework for this study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and semistructured interviews with a snowball sample of 10 participants. Data …
Hispanic Women Business Executives' Self-Perceptions Of Leadership Effectiveness, Daniel R. Dusch
Hispanic Women Business Executives' Self-Perceptions Of Leadership Effectiveness, Daniel R. Dusch
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hispanics will become the majority ethnic group in the U.S. by 2060. The social and business cultural changes affected by these demographics are inevitable and will require leadership from academic and business communities in order to ensure clear direction for the future. Gender research in managerial and professional positions mostly includes White women and typically excludes those of other racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. The research problem was that there is little known about the lived experiences of Hispanic women business executives. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the self-perceptions of leadership effectiveness of Hispanic women business …
Preface To "Intertwingled: The Work And Influence Of Ted Nelson", Douglas R. Dechow, Daniele C. Struppa
Preface To "Intertwingled: The Work And Influence Of Ted Nelson", Douglas R. Dechow, Daniele C. Struppa
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Books and Book Chapters
This is the preface to "Intertwingled: The Work and Influence of Ted Nelson", which examines and honors the work and influence of the computer visionary and re-imagines its meaning for the future. Emerging from a conference held in 2014 at Chapman University, it includes contributions from world-renowned computer scientists and media figures.
The full text of this book is available on an open access basis at Springer.
The blog for the Intertwingled Conference can be read here.
From Artefact Design To Service Design Thinking Innovations, Erica Ormsby
From Artefact Design To Service Design Thinking Innovations, Erica Ormsby
Theses : Honours
This research will explore the effect of the introduction of service design methods to graphic designers, and whether graphic designers are limited to the design of ephemeral artifacts or instead can play a significant role in the innovation of products and services among larger industry and community based projects in Perth, Western Australia, and perhaps even enrich service design processes themselves. This thesis will examine established graphic design disciplinary processes as well as alterations to those practices via the introduction of service design methods. In addition, these service design processes will also be applied to a complex live service orientated …
New Mexico Musician Vol 62 No 2 (Winter 2014)
New Mexico Musician Vol 62 No 2 (Winter 2014)
New Mexico Musician
CONTENTS
DEPARTMENTS
President’s Report 2
Office Notes 6
From the Editor's Desk 10
Vice Presidents’ Reports
Band 13
Orchestra 16
General Music 17
Choral 20
Guitar 21
Collegiate 24
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS
NM Jazz Educators Article 29
Mentor Article 30
University News 31
NMMEA All-State Conductors 35
NMMEA All-State Honor Groups 40
NMMEA All-State Clinicians 49
NMMEA Music Industry Council Members 49
Advertisers 50
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter, 2015, Wonsook Kim School Of Art And Design
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter, 2015, Wonsook Kim School Of Art And Design
Normal Editions Workshop Newsletter
Annual newsletter for the Normal Editions Workshop, School of Art, Illinois State University.
(Mis)Interpreting Arts And Health: What (Else) Can An Arts Practice Do?, Sheelagh Broderick
(Mis)Interpreting Arts And Health: What (Else) Can An Arts Practice Do?, Sheelagh Broderick
Doctoral
This research project concerns arts practices in healthcare settings and the encounter between artist, researcher, healthcare professional and institution. Rather than understanding arts practices as either therapeutic or recreational services, this research asks instead, what (else) can an arts practice do? This is accomplished by connecting two previously separate bodies of scholarship; health sociology and an art criticism of expanded arts practices. By connecting these bodies of scholarship, this inquiry offers a new conceptual language and orientation for arts and health practitioners distinct from the evidence-based practice model most prevalent in academic and professional discourses and consequently establishes a transdisciplinary …
Five-String Fiddle And The American Vernacular, Patrick Daly
Five-String Fiddle And The American Vernacular, Patrick Daly
Doctoral
This research examines the emergence of the five-string fiddle in contemporary North American fiddle culture within the past ten years. By interacting with leading artistlevel practitioners, the research documents the evolution and impact of the instrument to date in exploring the possibilities the five-string fiddle presents for musical performance and innovation. North American vernacular music and, in particular, the contemporary fiddle playing landscape, exemplifies virtousic and innovative idiomatic technique and improvisation as central to an overarching musical explosion, evidenced in the music of many high level, multi-stylistic contemporary practitioners. Within contemporary American fiddle performance, it is compelling to observe how …
Nebraska Summary: S1018 Massey Ferguson 7724, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Summary: S1018 Massey Ferguson 7724, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2122: New Holland T8.320, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2122: New Holland T8.320, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2108: John Deere 9420r, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2108: John Deere 9420r, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Exploring The Contribution Of Teaching And Learning Processes : Constructing Students’ Gender Identity In An Early Years Classroom Of A Government Girls Primary School In Pakistan, Amina Bibi Baig
Institute for Educational Development, Karachi
The construction of gender identity is a complex process which begins at a very early formative age. In these formative years, children begin making sense of how men and women are positioned in society. Schools as important institutions play a significant role in this process particularly with reference to students’ understanding of the gender relationships around them. This article reports on a study which explored how gender identity construction takes place in a single sex (girls) classroom for early years. The study investigated the teacher-student interactions and student-student interactions in the real environment of the classroom. Qualitative research guided the …
Engaging With Digital Humanities: Becoming Productive Scholars Of The Humanities In A Digital Age, Daniel J. Crosby
Engaging With Digital Humanities: Becoming Productive Scholars Of The Humanities In A Digital Age, Daniel J. Crosby
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Un Cri Dans Le Silence: Une Analyse Culturelle Et Littéraire De L’Émergence De Thèmes Homosexuels Dans Les Oeuvres De Gide Et Guibert, Ryan James Evelyn
Un Cri Dans Le Silence: Une Analyse Culturelle Et Littéraire De L’Émergence De Thèmes Homosexuels Dans Les Oeuvres De Gide Et Guibert, Ryan James Evelyn
Honors Theses and Capstones
This thesis, originally written in French, aims to explore the ways in which male homosexuality is represented and defined in contemporary French literature through the novels of André Gide and Hervé Guibert. I will argue and defend the existence of two cultural domains of existence, the private and public, and how each is represented in Les Faux-monnayeurs (1925) and À l'ami qui ne m'a pas sauvé la vie (1990), respectively. French literature of the 20th century in regards to homosexuality endured a cultural and sociological evolution that resulted in the disappearance of the private domain and the creation of the …
Navegando Las Barreras Entre El Patriarcado Y El Poder Femenino: Un Análisis De La Representación De La Mujer En El Cine Español Desde 1948 A 2014, Olivia Sloan Marple
Navegando Las Barreras Entre El Patriarcado Y El Poder Femenino: Un Análisis De La Representación De La Mujer En El Cine Español Desde 1948 A 2014, Olivia Sloan Marple
Honors Theses and Capstones
Este ensayo tratará del papel de la mujer en el cine español y como las representaciones de la mujer en el cine se conectan con lo que pasa en la sociedad española. Específicamente, mostrará que el poder del papel de la mujer se correlaciona con la deconstrucción de los roles de género en la sociedad patriarcal y la fluidez de género representadas en las películas.
Además, este ensayo intenta demostrar que no vemos una trayectoria directa de la representación de la liberación femenina en el cine español. Efectivamente, el poder de los papeles femeninos no tienen que ver con la …
Post-Conflict Peacebuilding In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hannah Marie Waller
Post-Conflict Peacebuilding In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hannah Marie Waller
Honors Theses and Capstones
During the summer of 2014, I lived in Sanski Most, Bosnia-Herzegovina, with funding from an International Research and Opportunities Program (IROP) grant from the Hamel Center for Undergraduate Research at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). Through a series of semi-structured interviews and participant observation, my research highlighted the roles of truth, memory, and justice in rebuilding a post-conflict society in Bosnia-Herzegovina―essentially, on peacebuilding since the war ended in 1995. The Bosnian War stands as the worst genocide since the Holocaust, with 350,000 casualties and over 100,000 dead―80% of whom were Muslim Bosniaks, targets of an ethnic cleansing campaign by …
Monstrous Muslims? Depicting Muslims In French Illuminated Manuscripts From 1200-1420, Benjamin Anthony Bertrand
Monstrous Muslims? Depicting Muslims In French Illuminated Manuscripts From 1200-1420, Benjamin Anthony Bertrand
Honors Theses and Capstones
This paper examines depictions of Muslims in illuminated manuscripts produced in France between 1200-1420 that feature images of Christian-Muslim interactions. The study specifically looks at three popular manuscripts from the time: the Histoire d'Outremer, the Grandes Chroniques de France, and the Roman d'Alexandre en Prose. By examining the depictions of Saracens in these three manuscripts I attempt to gain an understanding of the artists' perceptions of Muslims. I argue that through analyzing the topoi employed by these artists we can understand how they and their audiences viewed Muslims. These images demonstrate that these artists understood Saracens to …
"Life, Liberty..." And The Law: John Adams' Political Thought During The American Revolution, Kelsey Anne Diemand
"Life, Liberty..." And The Law: John Adams' Political Thought During The American Revolution, Kelsey Anne Diemand
Honors Theses and Capstones
No abstract provided.
《荀子》疑問代詞研究, Hoi Lan Wong
《荀子》疑問代詞研究, Hoi Lan Wong
Dissertations from all years
《荀子》作為先秦諸子散文的代表之一,其文字反映了戰國末年的語言特色。觀乎學術界對《荀子》的語言學研究,少有切入《荀子》的疑問代詞系統作出專門研究。《荀子》中的疑問句數量甚多,而疑問代詞乃其表達疑問語氣的重要手段,集中研究《荀子》的疑問代詞,實有助我們解讀《荀子》。
本文嘗試集中研究《荀子》中有關疑問代詞的運用,歸納各疑問代詞的用例,並仔細分析它的用法與特色,從而完整地呈現《荀子》疑問代詞系統的面貌,作為上古中期疑問代詞使用潮流的一個引證。
全文共分為五章:
一、緒論:簡介歷來《荀子》語言學研究概況,述明本文研究目的、研究方法以及章節安排
二、界定疑問代詞的概念,為《荀子》中的疑問代詞分組
三、梳理與詳細分析《荀子》中各疑問代詞的用例
四、統計《荀子》中各疑問代詞的使用頻率,並作出對比分析
五、結論:總結本文前三章的研究發現,歸納出《荀子》疑問代詞的使用特色
向光忠轉注說發微, Sin Yuen Loo
向光忠轉注說發微, Sin Yuen Loo
Dissertations from all years
在漢字理論研究發展史上,人們對六書中轉注的討論最為熱烈,自前賢後學,紛爭不休,對轉注的本質仍未達成一致的見解。關於轉注的本質,從許慎定義「建類一首,同意相受」和「考」、「老」一對例字,我們不能斷定轉注為「造字之法」還是「用字之法」。若將轉注放在「造字之法」的語境中來考察,筆者認為向光忠對轉注的定義最合乎許慎原意。經過本文論證,向先生的轉注說能周全地解說轉注字形、音和義三方面的特質,而且的確能應用在一對例字和全部「同部互訓」的字例之上。就向先生對轉注的定義,筆者未發現任何紕漏之處。
本文旨在以向先生對轉注的解說為基礎,依次就轉注的本質、定義、例字特質作探析和說明,指出其說具說服力的地方。並將向先生的轉注說應用在《說文》「同部互訓」之字上作全面考察,並甄別其說中的考證試作補充。
人妻出軌的意義 : 論《金瓶梅》潘金蓮、李瓶兒、宋蕙蓮和王六兒, Ying Tsz Leung
人妻出軌的意義 : 論《金瓶梅》潘金蓮、李瓶兒、宋蕙蓮和王六兒, Ying Tsz Leung
Dissertations from all years
蘭陵笑笑生《金瓶梅》[1]於明萬曆年間成書。[2]當時的社會環境已減少明初禁慾風氣的影響,縱慾風氣瀰漫整個社會。《金瓶梅》於此時代背景下成書,不少也受此現實氛圍影響。文本中的男女關係複雜,其中有不少人妻出軌的情節,與明初提倡寡婦守節風氣相對,成為本文着意討論的重點。本文共三章,以《金瓶梅》中潘金蓮、李瓶兒、宋蕙蓮和王六兒四位人妻出軌的故事作切入點,探討四婦出軌行為背後的意義。第一章以文本分析四婦犯姦原因,從對情慾和物慾的渴求,以及她們對禮教的反抗情況兩方面切入。第二章以《金瓶梅》中的旁觀者與參與者對人妻犯姦事件的取態,以此作其他角度,觀察文本內的社會氣候對犯姦事件的接受。第三章則配合《金瓶梅》借宋喻明性質,從明中葉社會多種包括商業社會的興起、縱慾風氣和心學的提倡等轉變,分析社會主流風氣轉變與出現人妻出軌事件的關係,以見明中葉成書的《金瓶梅》,當中人妻出軌的不倫事件,如何受社會氣候左右而產生。
論殘雪的隱藏現實主義傾向與異境歸往, Yip Shing Lee
論殘雪的隱藏現實主義傾向與異境歸往, Yip Shing Lee
Dissertations from all years
殘雪的小說以主題獨特、難以解讀而見稱,出道之初就備受追捧。但隨著近年熱潮的冷卻,殘雪的研究也不再像以往熱烈。據殘雪所言,她現在正處於自己創作的第四階段,可惜現有的殘雪評論仍然集中在她一、二階段的作品,例如<黃泥街>、<公牛>等,對於殘雪的第三階段──轉型與成熟時期──的關注略欠不足。例如殘雪早期甚為抗拒現實主義,在第三階段卻可以找到這一方面的蛛絲馬跡,顯示出她的寫作方式有所轉變,值得研究。另一方面,殘雪的主題與表達手法在第三階段也開始沉澱、凝固,也更容易將文本集中起來比較分式。
有見及此,本論文劃出了兩個關注點,第一部份將敘述殘雪與現實主義的緊張關係,然後在文本中尋找殘雪的現實主義痕跡,並分析其意義。第二部分,本論文將把焦點集中在「異境」意象,使用「歸與往」的模式來協助分析殘雪的異境主題,再而一窺在殘雪的理想境界中,有何特別之處。最後,結論會重新放到先鋒小說在九十年代後發展脈絡中,比較殘雪與他們的同與不同,突顯殘雪對藝術主題的一貫堅持與努力。
從古文字看巫與醫之關係, Ka Yee Wong
從古文字看巫與醫之關係, Ka Yee Wong
Dissertations from all years
在現代社會中,〝巫〞與〝醫〞完全扯不上關係,前者被標籤為迷信,而後者則是一門科學,但在遠古時期,兩者的關係其實是密不可分的。
原始社會的巫師大多是綜合性人才,他們能通天地、事鬼神,負責占卜、祭祀,同時又掌管人類當時所有知識,上至天文,下至地理,是社會上最有能力的人。先民對於未知的事物如疾病、自然災害,會習慣將之歸咎於鬼神作祟,〝巫〞作為人與天地鬼神之間的溝通橋樑,有能力平定禍事。而作為全能的人,關乎人類生死的治病救傷,自然也是〝巫〞的本領之一,因此古代是巫醫不分的。
古時候,巫術與醫療的關係密切,除了能從史料引證,先民在創造文字時也留下了線索。〝巫〞與〝醫〞二字連用的情況能在史籍文獻中找到,用以表示〝巫師作醫師〞之義,而古代的醫字又可寫作〝毉〞,从巫。由於〝巫〞先於〝醫〞,因此本論文會先從巫字的字義入手,解釋巫字的構形,再連繫到〝巫〞與〝醫〞之間的同源關係。再述醫字的字義,將醫字分拆成三個部件作仔細分析。最後論述巫醫分立的原因。
由於文字與文化之間相輔相成,因此本論文除了會從文字學的角度作分析,亦會從文獻資料入手,希望能較全面地展示出古文字中〝巫〞與〝醫〞之關係。
而在研究的過程中發現,〝醫〞字的上半部的構形對於整體字義的闡釋有著重要的影響。其中的部件〝医〞,大部份學者均將其解釋為〝象盛載(匸)箭矢利器(矢)的器物〞。翻查資料,〝匸〞義為〝匿藏的地方〞,與〝匸〞寫法相似的〝匚〞才是〝象盛物之器〞。另外,〝医〞中的〝矢〞或許不是代表箭矢,而是因字形相近而混淆,在〝匸〞中的應為〝人〞,因此本論文將展示〝醫〞字新的詮釋。
論<嫦娥>神話 : 月亮神話的不死性, Kok Cheung
論<嫦娥>神話 : 月亮神話的不死性, Kok Cheung
Dissertations from all years
在中國,人人對嫦娥神話故事都耳熟能詳,而每每提起嫦娥,都總會聯想到中秋佳節。然而,嫦娥的故事在先秦古籍中的記載,卻是十分短小,只有寥寥十數字,簡單交代嫦娥服下不死藥奔月的情節。朝代變化,世代遷移,嫦娥神話也有著自己的更新,故事情節在加入不同角色後得以豐富、完整,如其夫君羿、奔月後化為蟾蜍,既有後人為他們的悲劇故事改寫成一個大團圓結局,亦有小說視嫦娥為譏舌女子甚至妓女。換而言之,在時代變遷,和文人雅士在文學作品屢加修改的多番變化以後,嫦娥神話的原始內涵已經被淡化,後世也因此而對她評價不一。
論余懷《板橋雜記》的「有為而作」, Stella Siu
論余懷《板橋雜記》的「有為而作」, Stella Siu
Dissertations from all years
晚明時筆記小品興盛,大量筆記、隨筆小品出現。筆記小品包括的體裁不限於文或詩,內容更包羅萬有,有像呂坤《呻吟語》、洪應明《菜根譚》等記載處世之道和人生哲理的作品,也有像袁宏道就曾寫《瓶史》講述插花藝術的作品,這些筆記小品的內容大可按篇目內容分類。
而明末清初易代之際,筆記小品的內容和思想有所變化。一些明朝遺民創作了不少追憶故國的回憶錄。值得注意的是,這些回憶錄內容追憶過去的美好生活,內容上除了大量書寫繁華、熱鬧城市的生活風景外,對青樓和妓女的記錄和描寫更是特別豐富。這樣豐富的記載除了來自書生才子與她們相處的生活經驗,更有意藉描寫這些妓女來表達一些個人感受。然而當時文字獄極盛,文人不敢隨意抒發個人心聲,很容易被捕風捉影招致殺身之禍。這些心聲往往顯得隱晦不明。
余懷在《板橋雜記》的〈序〉提到這本書是「有為而作」,更指書中所記的金陵佳麗和勝地均繫「一代之興衰,千秋之感慨」,並不是為艷冶而記。本文旨在結合歷史語境,透過分析余懷在《板橋雜記》中對妓院和妓女的記錄和描寫,了解他收錄妓女事跡的原因,並藉此探討「有為而作」所指的寫作目的。