Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Evolution Of The Mexican American Border: How The Victorio Campaign In 1880 Changed Mexican American Border Management, Dameon Hansen

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

This proposal is part of a greater thesis, but the specific proposal here will entail the specific defeat of Victorio around the Mexican American border lands region. Victorio was a warm springs Apache, which was part of the Chiricahua group. The time frame will be late summer 1880 to mid-October 1880. The paper will argue that the increased militarization of the Mexican American border in late summer until mid-October 1880 resulted in the death and defeat of Victorio. It will argue that the despite this increased militarization the border was still soft enough to allow him to cross easily avoiding …

From Counterinsurgency To Chemical Warfare: Technology Dependence And Agent Orange, Sophia Johnson

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy approved the use of chemical defoliants in Vietnam. Taking British use of chemical defoliants during the Malayan Emergency as precedent, American counterinsurgency efforts used the potent “rainbow” herbicides to destroy enemy crops and jungle foliage. Although the use of Agent Orange was intended to be a limited counterinsurgency tactic, the rapid escalation of Agent Orange’s use, negligence in ensuring its safety, and its auxiliary intentional use on humans all indicate an irresponsible exercise in chemical warfare on behalf of the U.S. government. Sources examined include monographs such as David Zierler’s Invention of Ecocide: Agent …

Seamen And Sinners: Piracy And The Labor Culture Of The Early Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic World, Avonlea Bowthorpe

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: Between 1700 and 1730, the British Atlantic was significantly influenced by two compelling forces. The first was the continued and accelerating growth of competing European empires in the region, who in this period endeavored to define and protect their territorial boundaries whilst setting up profitable economic systems of production and commerce within them. The second was that of the pirates of the Atlantic, who, in a final crescendo of violence and destruction, would take hundreds of ships, disrupt highly valuable trade, and engage in bloody warfare with the Royal Navy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the …

The Blood Logs: Factors In The U.S. Decision To Classify The Japanese Biological And Chemical Warfare Program, Linda R. Zhang

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: The Japanese Imperial Army maintained chemical and biological testing facilities during the Asian Pacific War where unwilling civilians and prisoners of war were subjected to human experiments regarding frostbite, germ warfare, syphilis, weapons testing, and human anatomy. As American forces began occupying Japan and restructuring the country, the Allied Powers established an international tribunal to prosecute Japanese leaders deemed responsible for the war. During this time period, American policymakers would classify the Japanese bio warfare program, essentially protecting Japanese participants in the warfare program from facing trial. My research analyzes why American policymakers would classify Japan’s Biochemical Warfare Program …

A ‘Superlicious’ Feast: A Rhetorical Analysis Of Davy Crockett’S Almanacs As An Early Form Of White National Identity, Darren L. Letendre

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: Davy Crockett’s Almanacs, published between 1835 and 1856, have been held as a prime example of nineteenth-century Anglo-American folklore. While authors have commented on their comic qualities and racist content, what has been lacking is a rhetorical analysis, as suggested by Folklorist Stephen Gencarella, which would examine the ways in which “folklore is not something that a folk does, rather… something which constitutes a folk.” This paper analyzes the almanac stories dealing with native peoples in order to understand the political and ideological discourse that was propagated by these publications. Rather than genuine folk-stories faithfully recorded by publishers, these …

Storytelling As Inclusive Teaching Strategy, Novia Pagone, Kerri Morris, Deborah James

Research Days

No abstract provided.

'They’Re Building A Wall': The Separation Barrier In Palestine/Israel, Tyler Durbin

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Despite international legal consensus declaring the separation wall in Palestine/Israel as illegal, Israel has continued this geopolitical project unchallenged. Examining the judicial decisions of the International Court of Justice and Israel’s High Court of Justice on the wall reveals that Israel’s project, which began in 2002, was motivated by a political desire to protect illegal settlements in the Occupied Territories, confiscate Palestinian land, and constrict their movement and space. Analyzing the entirety of the wall through the lens of containment illuminates how the wall’s fracturing of Palestinian land created the material conditions, or the ‘facts on the ground’, for Israel’s …

Bad Neighbors: The 1967 Zenrin Student Hall Incident And Transnational Student Radicalism In China And Japan, Jesse Du

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

The Zenrin gakusei kaikan incident (善隣学生会館事件) in 1967 was a major street fight between left-wing student rioters from the Japanese Communist Party and the ethnic Chinese community in Tokyo. The open fighting lasted three days and at its peak involved upwards to seven hundred people from both sides. In the grand scheme of the global “long 1968,” this one particular brawl perhaps did not amount to much, and is generally forgotten in today’s scholarship. However, it is unique as a point of intersection between three separate historical processes: Japan’s student movement, China’s Cultural Revolution, and the diplomatic normalization between the …

A Collaborative Crusade: Economic Incentives For Religious Tolerance In Sicily, 1061–1189, Francesca M. Duncan

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

As the geographic and cultural crossroads of the Mediterranean, the island of Sicily represents the product of conflict and cooperation over the course of centuries. One particularly important shift in the island’s history was the Norman invasion of Sicily in 1061 CE, in which the Catholic Normans from France took over the island from the Muslim Arabs. Through this change in state religion, Norman Sicily highlighted the interaction between Christianity and Islam. Beyond the island of Sicily, this period saw the two religions pitted against one another throughout Medieval Christendom. In contrast, this paper argues that although the Normans imposed …

Whitworth University’S Response To The Vietnam War: A Historical Record Of News, Kyle Evers

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

This paper attempts to answer the question of how the battle for public opinion regarding the Vietnam War unfolded on the campus of Whitworth College in Spokane, Washington. Specifically, this paper examines the eleven-year period, from 1962 to 1973 by primarily using The Whitworthian, Whitworth University’s student led newspaper and conducting several oral interviews. Twenty-two different articles written by students and staff illustrate the growing support for the antiwar movement as well as the staunch support for the war that persisted for its entire duration. The paper examines the way in which Whitworth students fit into a larger pattern of …

Finding A Community Niche: Rethinking Historic House Museums In Oregon, Liza Julene Schade

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Historic homes in Oregon land on a wide spectrum of preservation, from the dilapidated, boarded-up building to the fully functioning interpretive site. There are four major factors affecting the success of projects in this state: level of preservation, board commitment and capacity, public interest and access, and funding issues. Based on original fieldwork, this paper will utilize the above factors to look at case studies in three counties in Oregon, and will conclude with analysis and recommendations for current Historic House Museum projects.

PART OF SESSION 1C. PUBLIC COMMEMORATION

Comment: Larry Cebula, Eastern Washington University
Chair: Bradley Franco, University …

A Side Divided: The Role Of Pre-Existing Republican Disunity In The Spanish Civil War, Isabel Wagner

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

The Spanish Civil War, while between the Nationalists and Republicans, was riddled with a series of different groups which involved both Spanish and foreign players. On the Republican side there were a large number of different groups involved in resisting the Nationalist forces. There were Republican popular forces, but important parts of the resistance also included various communist, socialist, anarchist, and nationalist organizations from around the country. This paper argues that the Republican side of the Spanish Civil war was hindered in its effectiveness by dissent between and within these groups. This disuniting did not simply spring into existence. Disagreement …

Portraiture, Patriotism, And Politicking: The Political Effect Of Visual Histories, Emma Williams

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

The use of iconography to remember and honor military and political heroes has been in place since cave paintings. John Singleton Copley, Emanuel Leutze, Gilbert Stuart, and John Trumbull all used their talents to honor many of American Founding Fathers. Honored during and after their time, their work gives us a better understanding of what was valued and how these men were identified. The use of material culture allows for more portraiture, and the use of displaying socioeconomic standing. Copley, Leutze, Stuart, and Trumbull all had works used in political propaganda, and manipulation for years after. The images on today’s …

The Space Between Love And Hate: Coexistence During Convivencia, John Franzwa

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

The period preceding the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Iberia in the late 15th and early 16th centuries was marred by conflict. The extent and degree of the discord has long been fiercely debated amongst scholars in two camps. Many late 20th century scholars have accepted the concept of Convivencia or “coexistence,” which argues that Jews, Muslims, and Christians lived in relative harmony with one another, peacefully blending their different cultures together. Others argue that there was no amicable cohabitation between the rival cultures and that Convivencia is a modern creation of later historians. This study focuses on Christian …

Fallout From The Wall Street Bombing, Maxwell Mcpherson

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: On September 16, 1920, a bomb would go off in the middle of Wall Street killing forty people and injuring over a hundred more. To this day the perpetrator remains unknown, and in the absence of resolution one might question how the contemporary public reacted to this terrorist attack in the heart of Manhattan. Through an archival examination of newspapers printed in the period after the attack it can be seen how this unsolved mystery would fuel persecution and public hysteria in the ensuing months targeting “suspect” political dissidents and ethnic minorities. From studying newspapers published following the bombing …

The No-Color Of Women: Women And Commemoration In The Treasure Valley Of Idaho, Shaina Lynch

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: In this paper, I research the public commemoration of women in the Treasure Valley and Southwest Idaho. Public memorials were sought out, visited, and photographed. A map was created of the locations and added to a website I made as part of this project, www.idahowomeninhistory.com. In order to make an argument for more statuary and monuments to women in Idaho there needed to be an explanation for the omission. I begin with the glaring absence of women in the public sphere and popular history (written and dominated by men), which explains their lack of celebration in public spaces. They …

Cesar Chavez: The 1965 Grape Boycott And The 400-Mile Pilgrimage, Ashley M. Lambert

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

In 1962 Cesar Chavez, a Latino civil rights leader for Mexican and Filipino workers, formed the National Workers, a small coalition of poorly paid migrant farmers. Chavez sought to ameliorate the harsh working conditions and wages for grape workers in California’s Kern County. Soon afterwards he merged the National Farm Workers Association with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, creating the powerful United Farm Workers’ Union. By using nonviolent tactics, inspired by Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks, Chavez sought to reform California labor conditions, forcing the grape growers to sign contracts only with the United farm Workers Union. Beginning in …

Religious Freedom Matters, At Home And Abroad: Thomas Jefferson In Paris In The 1780s, James M. Masnov

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference

Abstract: When Thomas Jefferson became minister to France in the mid-1780s, his time in Paris was defined in no small part by his enduring belief in religious liberty. His Statute for Religious Freedom saw considerable challenge in Virginia as it was deliberated in Jefferson’s absence by influential political forces in the state legislature. The battle over its passage pitted two prominent figures of the early republican era against each other. The celebrated rhetorician Patrick Henry fought against the secular aims of Jefferson and his political ally, James Madison, who ultimately helped to secure passage of the statute. As Madison championed …

Pediatric Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic: Design Focus On Invisible Disabilities With Sensory Sensitivity, Shelbi Boehme

Student Research Symposium

The focus of this research presentation is to design a Pediatric Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic in Logan, Utah providing diverse therapy spaces for children diagnosed with a range of disabilities. The American Disabilities Act (ADA) implemented some good generic standards for accessibility for persons with physical disabilities, but what about universal design for all disabilities? Designing spaces for a Pediatric Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic involves researching many different types of disabilities that would be treated at the facility. Particularly invisible disabilities such as Autism, Multiple Sclerosis, Asperger Syndrome, and Traumatic Brain Injuries. These types of disabilities are often left out when designing …

May Swenson's Exploration Of Existence And Purpose Through Poetry, Lauren Cunningham

Student Research Symposium

May Swenson explores the idea of belonging, purpose and life by exemplifying that these topics are affected by nature, upbringing, and the environment surrounding an individual, as well as exploring if we experience life or if we are life. Through her writing, Swenson argues that all life is equally valuable, and a being’s purpose is dependent upon belief and circumstance. Presentation Time: Wednesday, 9-10 a.m. Zoom link: https://usu-edu.zoom.us/j/81298203941?pwd=WXZkRjhqdlZNTVlidXk3UnB1K2VtUT09

Addressing Orphanage Design, Megan Orme

Student Research Symposium

The body of society is the people in its communities. There are girls without parents or a home that lack the development to contribute to such. These girls need refuge. Creating an orphanage that modernizes the care of these girls is dire. This facility will help mend the societal processes for facilitating children without permanent homes and families. By creating rooms and freedom within a secure facility, girls will grow and develop prepared to contribute to society as they feel loved and built up in a difficult position in their lives. The purpose of this study is to address the …

Crafting An Image: Love, Confidence, And Representation In Leonard Fink’S Photographs Of The Gay Liberation Movement, Alex Del Dago

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Honorable Mention Winner

Leonard Fink (1930-1993) was an American photographer who documented the modern Gay Liberation Movement and inaugural Christopher Street Liberation Day marches that evolved into the Pride Marches we now know of today. This research addresses how Fink used photography as both a form of personal expression and participation in the growing LGBTQ community as well as to document these critical moments in modern queer US history. Prior scholars and research have looked at the Christopher Street Liberation Day marches and the role it had on the LGBTQ movement following the Stonewall Riots, however, little has been done …

Political Influences By The Catholic Church And Spanish Government In Colonial Mexico, Dorian Barboza

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The land of Mexico prior to colonization was composed of various large cities that upon colonization much of the land became New Spain. During this pre independence era of Mexico’s history the Indians were subjected to many changes in their culture through the Catholic Church and the Spanish Government. Religious conversion was accepted by the Indians as means to stop directed violence to the unconverted. The multidialectal cultures embraced Castilian as a common language that facilitated communication with the Spanish colonizers and between villages. The desire to integrate into the new Catholic and Spanish system gave rise to Indian litigation …

Israel's Ethnic Cleansing Of Palestinians, Bria Riepe

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

The carving of Palestine to create a ‘Jewish State’, Israel, has imposed upon the Israeli and Palestinian people the necessity of separation on highly unequal terms and qualities of human existence. Since Israel’s creation, millions of Palestinians have been forcibly removed from their homes, displaced, rendered refugees, and continue to exist under severe Israeli military occupation. According to Israeli immigration laws, displaced Palestinians are prohibited from returning to their homes, joining their families in Israel or the occupied territories, and even from entering the ever-expanding borders of Israel. This has occurred alongside a high immigration rate through Israel’s Law of …

Editing The Eartha M. M. White Collection: Collaborative Projects While Staying At Home, Carol Lynne Hemmingway

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Digital Projects Showcase Exhibitor Award

Editing the Eartha M. M. White Collection is a collaborative electronic editing project that first began creating, editing, and publishing transcriptions of documents from the Eartha M. M. White Collection in 2016. Since Spring 2020, Carol Lynne Hemmingway has headed the project as its student leader. The project has since been presented by Hemmingway as part of the course material for Dr. Clayton McCarl’s DIG3152 Intro to Electronic Textual Editing course that summer and for the virtual 2020 National Humanities Conference with Dr. McCarl, Dr. Felicia Bevel, and Susan Swiatosz, who all play key roles …

Obesity Among Hispanics: The Relationship To Lifestyles, Socioeconomic Characteristics, And Education, Stacey Harmer

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Honorable Mention Winner

In the Hispanic community, there are multiple factors that increase the probability of obesity. Among them are the diets and changes in diets over the past several decades, lifestyles and urbanization that have promoted sedentarism, status in society and stratification, education, and gender. Among the populations, women have higher risk of obesity in the Hispanic community. Education and socioeconomic status plays differing roles in the rates of obesity in developed and developing countries. Socioeconomic status affects the resources and support that are available. Urbanization increases the likelihood of adopting diets that are higher in fats and refined …

Hasta Siempre Comandante: Creating Immersive Cultural Learning Through Revolutionary Music And Virtual Reality, Diego Salinas

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Project of Merit Winner

This project is one of a series of projects focused around the development, design, and development of Open Educational Resources (OER) for the Spanish Department at UNF. The researchers sought to create activities involving immersive educational materials for lower and upper-level Spanish courses prioritizing Virtual Reality and reading accessibility. This project specifically focuses on the incorporation of music into the VR space. When paired with VR in the language classroom, music proves to aid in immersion and ultimately results in a multitude of benefits for students. Along with increased vocabulary retention, increased enthusiasm, and a de-stressing …

Mauna Kea: Where The Cosmos Meet Settler Colonialism, Maria Encinosa

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

International Research Symposium Exhibitor and Honorable Mention Abstract:

The proposed construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) on Mauna Kea has sparked protests given the sacredness of the mountain to the Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians). The narratives that have arisen reignite familiar tropes, framing the conflict as one between indigenous religion and scientific progress. I deconstruct these narratives through an analysis of TMT International Observatory (TIO) affiliated websites paired with insights from secondary sources. Ultimately, I argue the TIO’s response and presentation of Ho’Omana Hawai’i religious views and ‘modern’ astronomy as antagonists extend settler-colonialist interests.

Embodied Injustices: Covid-19, Race, And Epigenetics, Maria Encinosa

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Digital Projects Showcase Exhibitor Award Although historical and even modern accounts of race assume significant biological differences between racial groups, race has little biological meaning. Nonetheless, the social construct of race has real consequences. Racial identity defines boundaries of community and impacts the experiences of individuals, including how people live and die during a pandemic. COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority communities in the United States, triggering many explanations for racial disparities in health. Through an analysis of sources spanning from popular media to traditional academic journals, I analyze the potential for epigenetic research to serve as a missing link that …

Historical Lineage Of Black Preservation, Kellea Roberson

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Project of Merit Winner!

Digital Projects Showcase Exhibitor Award

The topic of this research will showcase Black preservation and perseverance through researching historical buildings that have been utilized for both the benefit and betterment of the Black community over time. Focusing in particular on the Ducote Federal Credit Union, located in Historic Durkeeville, which was the only credit union that serviced African American residents in Jacksonville in the 1960s. Tracking the building’s usage as it became the new home for the nonprofit organization, Families of Slain Children, an organization for families that have lost loved ones due to senseless violence. …