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University of Alabama at Birmingham

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Articles 3151 - 3180 of 5836

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Examining Punishment Severity: The Effect Of State Sanctioning On Dui Arrest Rates, Kimberly Williams Jan 2015

Examining Punishment Severity: The Effect Of State Sanctioning On Dui Arrest Rates, Kimberly Williams

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this paper is to examine the state differences in arrest rates according to risk preference, and policy and sanction severity. The effects of policy and sanction severity on drinking and driving have been an increasing topic of discussion and study in both the political and scholarly world since the 1980s. This paper seeks to address the differences in state-level policies and sanctions concerning DUIs, focusing on the impact of punishment severity on DUI arrest rates. Results show that being located in the Western region of the United States has a significant positive effect on DUI arrest rates. …

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Examining The Relationship Between Driving Styles Of Teen Drivers And Their Parents, Shannon Michelle Oram Wittig Jan 2015

Examining The Relationship Between Driving Styles Of Teen Drivers And Their Parents, Shannon Michelle Oram Wittig

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Teenage drivers, ages 16 to 19, account for about 16.8% of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in the United States, even though teenagers only represent about 4.4% of the United States population. Several factors increase teenagers’ risk for MVCs including: lack of driving experience, poor ability to identify and anticipate hazards, lack of sensitivity to road complexity and conditions, and increased willingness to take risks. Research has also suggested the importance of parental influences on risky teenage driving. This study examined the effects of parental driving styles, behaviors, and history on teenagers’ driving style using self-reported measures. Overall, it was hypothesized …

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Improving The Performance Of Cross-Domain Authorship Attribution, Upendra Sapkota Jan 2015

Improving The Performance Of Cross-Domain Authorship Attribution, Upendra Sapkota

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Most previous research on authorship attribution (AA) assumes that the training and test data are drawn from the same distribution. But in real scenarios, this assumption is too strong. Because of domain mismatches, the AA approaches that perform well on same domain scenarios will degrade performance in cross-domain settings. The goal of this research is to improve the prediction results in cross-domain AA (CDAA), where there is no training data available from the target domain. We propose three different CDAA frameworks to overcome the lack of training samples from the target domain. Our first framework is driven by the hypothesis …

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Mpa Graduates: The Role Of Public And Nonprofit Managers In Public Service, Jasmine Traneil Shaw Jan 2015

Mpa Graduates: The Role Of Public And Nonprofit Managers In Public Service, Jasmine Traneil Shaw

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Public sector employment has been the saving grace for American households throughout the tests of time. Exploration into the stability of the workforce and its resulting impact on the economy is essential to determining whether the benefits of working in the public sector outweigh the costs. A sample of 435 MPA alumni were asked to complete a survey designed to evaluate their career as it relates to variables such as job securement, salary, family life, and career advancement. Survey results provided evidence that MPA graduates find jobs in a reasonable amount of time and their salary allows their lifestyle to …

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Comparison Of Gut Microbiomes In Laboratory Cultured Sea Urchins Revealing Selective Attributes Of Microbial Composition Based Upon Their Feed And Surroundings, Joseph Antoine Hakim Jan 2015

Comparison Of Gut Microbiomes In Laboratory Cultured Sea Urchins Revealing Selective Attributes Of Microbial Composition Based Upon Their Feed And Surroundings, Joseph Antoine Hakim

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Bacteria residing in the gastrointestinal tract play important roles in digestive physiology and host health. The advent of NextGen sequencing and bioinformatics has made it possible to establish taxonomic profiles with highest coverage, and map these microbes in the gut ecosystem. Although extensively studied in the context of human health, understanding the microbial profiles associated with other organisms will elucidate the roles of the microbial inhabitants to their respective hosts and environment. The microbes of the sea urchin gut have been linked to digestion, processing, and extraction of nutrients from ingesta while within the gut, and have also been implicated …

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Pontiffs Of Stone: Art As Propaganda In The Papal Tombs Of Avignon, Jared Hansen Jan 2015

Pontiffs Of Stone: Art As Propaganda In The Papal Tombs Of Avignon, Jared Hansen

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During its nearly eighty year sojourn in Avignon during the fourteenth century, the papacy experienced many threats to its legitimacy, both religious and secular. In an effort to maintain a powerful and dominant visual presence, the papacies in Avignon created magnificent funerary monuments that communicated claims of legitimacy. In contrast with the goals of previous popes to exemplify temperance and piety in their tombs, popes of the fourteenth century displayed power. The history of papal tomb sculpture is defined by a gradual, yet inevitable, trend towards propaganda and the pursuit of secular authority. The tomb of Pope John XXII represents …

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Assessment Of Student-Created Videos As An Alternate Laboratory Assignment And Design And Implementation Of Classroom Activities Designed To Improve Student Retention And Learning, Mitzy Ann Erdmann Jan 2015

Assessment Of Student-Created Videos As An Alternate Laboratory Assignment And Design And Implementation Of Classroom Activities Designed To Improve Student Retention And Learning, Mitzy Ann Erdmann

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This dissertation presents three educationally based research projects and describes how they are related. The first portion of this manuscript describes the development of an alternate assessment for the general chemistry laboratory that harnessed both the availability of and interest in using smart phone technology in an educational setting. Student-created technique videos were implemented into the general chemistry laboratory curriculum in order to asynchronously monitor student use of standard laboratory equipment. A feasibility study was performed first, which showed that students were able to create videos that showed themselves performing standard laboratory techniques. Teaching assistants reported being able to easily …

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Emotion Regulation And Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury (Sci): Influence Of Emotional Processes On The Efficacy Of A Novel Treatment Paradigm For Sci-Related Pain, Juliette Galindo Jan 2015

Emotion Regulation And Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury (Sci): Influence Of Emotional Processes On The Efficacy Of A Novel Treatment Paradigm For Sci-Related Pain, Juliette Galindo

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While spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relatively rare in the general population, it has significant implications on functionality, independence, and quality of life for individuals who are affected by it. Common sequelae of SCI include sensorimotor dysfunction and pain symptoms that are often severe. More specifically, approximately 33% of individuals with SCI experience severe, intractable neuropathic pain. Additionally, treatments for neuropathic pain have variable efficacy and/or many side effects. While SCI-related neuropathic pain is thought to be related to cortical reorganization and nerve damage, there may be psychological factors that contribute to increased pain severity and variable treatment response. …

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Religious Affiliation As A Predictor Of Mental Health Outcomes Among Immigrants In The United States, Haley Medved Kendrick Jan 2015

Religious Affiliation As A Predictor Of Mental Health Outcomes Among Immigrants In The United States, Haley Medved Kendrick

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Previous research largely (but not conclusively) suggests that religious participation is positively correlated with good mental health, but it is unclear what effect religion has on mental health outcomes of racial/ethnic and religious minorities. Prior findings that non-Christian (e.g. Muslim, Buddhist, etc.) migrants have lower levels of religious participation than Christian migrants suggest that there may be a disparity in mental health outcomes between religious groups. This study aims to fill the gap by comparing mental health outcomes (measured by four DSM-IV-based diagnoses) of Christian immigrants with non-Christian immigrants. The study uses data from the National Latino and Asian American …

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Assessing Changes In Social Status And Behavior Problems In Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (Asd) After Exposure To A Peer-Mediated Social Skills Intervention, Sarah Leger Jan 2015

Assessing Changes In Social Status And Behavior Problems In Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (Asd) After Exposure To A Peer-Mediated Social Skills Intervention, Sarah Leger

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The social status and social relationships of preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) were assessed as developmentally relevant outcomes of a social skills intervention with a large peer-training component. Changes in teacher-reported behavior problems were also measured and used to predict social status before, immediately after, and twelve weeks after the social skills intervention. Patterns of children’s social associations were measured utilizing child- and teacher-report. Additional steps were taken to establish test-retest reliability for the sociometric measures used in this study in order to contribute to the psychometric literature focused on the social functioning of young children with ASD. …

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The Biological And Conservational Implications Of Hatchling Biology In The Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) Sea Turtle, Amy Nicole Bonka Jan 2015

The Biological And Conservational Implications Of Hatchling Biology In The Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) Sea Turtle, Amy Nicole Bonka

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The Kemp’s ridley sea turtle is currently listed as critically endangered, and has a very limited range, often found along the Atlantic coast though primarily inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico, with the majority of all nesting occurring near Rancho Nuevo, Mexico. Historically, large numbers of turtles have been reported to nest at Rancho Nuevo; though numbers dropped due to egg take and by-catch in the fishing and shrimping industries. Extensive conservation efforts over the last several decades significantly increased the number of nests; however the recovery status of the Kemp’s ridley is still in question, and the continued research and …

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Preliminary Characterization Of The Microbial Community In The Bonneville Salt Flats, Garner Lansing Boogaerts Jan 2015

Preliminary Characterization Of The Microbial Community In The Bonneville Salt Flats, Garner Lansing Boogaerts

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Hypersaline environments (salt concentrations greater than two molar) are found on all continents and represent a woefully understudied ecosystem. To date, most of the hypersaline environments studied have been either lakes (e.g. The Great Salt Lake, Utah) or deep ocean/sea brine pools (e.g. Red Sea), both of which have an abundance of accessible water for the organisms living there. However, more extreme hypersaline environments have not been characterized as thoroughly. One of these environments is the Bonneville Salt Flats (BSF) in Western Utah. The BSF is 80 square miles in size and consists of a salt crust of varying thickness …

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Assessment Of Streams And Aquatic Organisms In The Vicinity Of Birmingham, Alabama For The Presence And Biological Activity Of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Bryan Stuart Arwood Jan 2015

Assessment Of Streams And Aquatic Organisms In The Vicinity Of Birmingham, Alabama For The Presence And Biological Activity Of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Bryan Stuart Arwood

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Freshwater ecosystems play a central role in the environment. Through various processes such as nutrient recycling, groundwater recharging, and the attenuation of many pollutants these biological systems help to maintain environmental health. Unfortunately, many recent studies have identified emerging threats to these special environments and the life they sustain. One source of mounting concern is a group of compounds that interact with the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife. Known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), these natural and synthetic chemicals may mimic or interfere with the action of natural hormones—thus disrupting the endocrine system. Multiple studies have reported negative effects …

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Innovative Dart™ Ms Applications For Rapid Opioid Detection In Ante- And Post-Mortem Specimens, Rachel Crocker Beck Jan 2015

Innovative Dart™ Ms Applications For Rapid Opioid Detection In Ante- And Post-Mortem Specimens, Rachel Crocker Beck

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The studies presented herein were born through the observations of the challenges that are faced by forensic toxicology laboratories. While these challenges were first observed in the forensic toxicology field, they are common across clinical, workplace drug testing, and pain management laboratories alike. The challenge is how to increase efficiency without sacrificing quality. Current drug screening protocols such as immunoassays (IA), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) are robust but inefficient and limited, with some analyses providing only class information. These analyses when coupled require up to four days to complete for a confirmed, …

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Designed Multipurpose Nanoparticles For Targeted Delivery Of Anticancer Therapeutics For Malignant Mesothelioma, Yasin Oduk Jan 2015

Designed Multipurpose Nanoparticles For Targeted Delivery Of Anticancer Therapeutics For Malignant Mesothelioma, Yasin Oduk

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Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive deadly pleural cancer overexpressing Ephrin A2 receptors which are biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma. The Ephrin A1 ligand binding to the Ephrin A2 receptor downregulates overexpression of the Ephrin A2 in malignant mesothelioma cells (MMC). Similarly, the YSA peptide can mimic the Ephrin A1 ligand and both could be suitable as targeting agents and tumor suppressing agents for MMC. In this work, we conjugated the surface of nanoparticles with the YSA peptide and Ephrin A1 ligand to deliver paclitaxel with low solubility by targeting the MMC. We have obtained nanoparticles ranging 188-278 nm with the Ephrin …

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Gsk3 Regulation Of Suprachiasmatic Neuronal Excitability And Light Entrainment, Jodi Paul Jan 2015

Gsk3 Regulation Of Suprachiasmatic Neuronal Excitability And Light Entrainment, Jodi Paul

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Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hour cycles in behavioral and physiological processes, such as sleep/wake cycles and cognition. In mammals, these rhythms are endogenously generated and entrained to the external light cycle by the primary circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). A hallmark characteristic of SCN neurons is the daily rhythm in the spontaneous action potential frequency, with high activity during the day and low activity at night. These SCN firing rate patterns are critical for maintaining robust, consolidated behavioral rhythms, and persistent changes in SCN neuronal activity are involved light-induced behavioral shifts. Many of the ionic components underlying daily and …

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Examination Of The Dynamic Assembly Equilibrium For E. Coli Clpb, Jiabei Lin Jan 2015

Examination Of The Dynamic Assembly Equilibrium For E. Coli Clpb, Jiabei Lin

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As a member of the Clp/Hsp 100 chaperone family, Escherichia coli ClpB is able to disaggregate denatured proteins with assistance of DnaKJE co-chaperones to help cell survive under stress. However, the working mechanism of ClpB disaggregation activity remains unclear. The active structure of ClpB is shown to be a hexameric ring and ATP binding and hydrolysis are required for ClpB to perform its chaperone activity. Thus, studying the energetics and kinetics of the ATP linked ClpB assembly equilibrium is essential for the quantitative examination of ClpB - protein substrate interaction to fully reveal its disaggregation mechanism. ATPgS (a slowly hydrolysable …

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Subsurface Parameter Estimation In Oilfield Modeling, Fatin Alawam Jan 2015

Subsurface Parameter Estimation In Oilfield Modeling, Fatin Alawam

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Inverse problems involving partial differential equations have many physical applica- tions. One of the most important applications is in petroleum reservoir modeling. The estimation of petroleum reservoir properties is an essential component in predicting reservoir behavior. Generally, oil and water are present together in petroleum reservoirs and the resulting reservoir model consists of two nonlinear partial differential equations. Much research deals with two phase flow in porous media assuming incompressibility, but a few researchers consider the weakly compressible case which generally applies when the reservoir model does not include a gas phase. In this thesis we assume the weakly compressible …

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Elliptic Equations And Systems With Nonlinear Boundary Conditions, Alzaki Mohmoud Muhammed Fadlallah Jan 2015

Elliptic Equations And Systems With Nonlinear Boundary Conditions, Alzaki Mohmoud Muhammed Fadlallah

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This dissertation presents some results on the solvability of second order elliptic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions at resonance, in which the nonlinear boundary conditions perturbation is not necessarily required to satisfy Landesman- Lazer conditions or the monotonicity assumption. The nonlinearity may be unbounded. The nonlinearity interacts in some sense with the Steklov spectrum. The proofs are based on a priori estimates for possible solutions to a homotopy on suitable trace spaces and topological degree arguments. We will also study solvability of nonlinear second-order elliptic systems of partial differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. We study the generalized Steklov-Robin eigensystem …

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Phase Transitions Under Nanoconfining Conditions, Reza Farasat Jan 2015

Phase Transitions Under Nanoconfining Conditions, Reza Farasat

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The objective of this dissertation was to study the effects of nanoconfinement on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of phase transitions in selected compounds. The compounds were loaded into silica gel nanopores and filled them partially. A model was developed for estimating the fullness of the nanopores as well as the height of the compound layer deposited on the pore walls. A study of the phase transition in NH4Cl confined to the native silica gel nanopores revealed that the heat of transition increases with the increasing the layer height. Also the transition temperature measured on heating and cooling respectively increases …

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Exercise Adherence Among Pregnant Women: The Roles Of Socioeconomic Status, Attitudes Towards Prenatal Exercise, And Social Support, Lee Anne Flagg Jan 2015

Exercise Adherence Among Pregnant Women: The Roles Of Socioeconomic Status, Attitudes Towards Prenatal Exercise, And Social Support, Lee Anne Flagg

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Drawing on the sociological theories of fundamental causes and social support, it was hypothesized that exercise during pregnancy would be positively associated with both socioeconomic status (SES) and social support for exercise and that the association between SES and exercise levels would be at least partially explained by attitudes towards exercise. It was also hypothesized that there would be a positive interaction between SES and social support for exercise in relation to exercise levels during pregnancy. Cross-sectional observational data was obtained from a survey of pregnant women, predominantly from those accessing prenatal care at Birmingham, AL area obstetric clinics. The …

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Benefit Finding Among Caregivers Of Childhood Cancer Survivors, Molly Gardner Jan 2015

Benefit Finding Among Caregivers Of Childhood Cancer Survivors, Molly Gardner

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With improved survival rates for children diagnosed with cancer brings a focus on the psychological adjustment of both children and caregivers. Benefit finding, defined as positive change in the face of adversity, has been documented among caregivers of children with cancer and other chronic illness conditions. The first manuscript is a comprehensive literature review of studies investigating benefit finding among caregivers of children with chronic illness conditions, including caregiver demographic and psychosocial, and child demographic and medical predictors, as well as outcomes of benefit finding. The second manuscript reports on predictors of benefit finding in a sample of caregivers of …

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A Redescription Of The Cretaceous Marine Turtle Ctenochelys Acris Zangerl, 1953 And A Systematic Revision Of The 'Toxochelyid'-Grade Taxa Using Cladistic Analysis, Andrew Douglas Gentry Jan 2015

A Redescription Of The Cretaceous Marine Turtle Ctenochelys Acris Zangerl, 1953 And A Systematic Revision Of The 'Toxochelyid'-Grade Taxa Using Cladistic Analysis, Andrew Douglas Gentry

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Within this thesis are two separate articles, each representing a distinct chapter. The first chapter is a redescription of the ‘toxochelyid’-grade marine turtle Ctenochelys acris Zangerl, 1953. This redescription, based on several nearly complete specimens from the early Campanian Mooreville Chalk of Alabama, reveals multiple previously undescribed autapomorphic characteristics of this species and contributes significantly to our understanding of ‘toxochelyid’ alpha taxonomy. The second chapter is comprised entirely of the results of multiple cladistic analyses of the ‘toxochelyid’-grade taxa that produce a hypothesized phylogenetic system of classification for this clade. 108 characters from the cranium, carapace, plastron, and appendicular skeleton …

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On Fire Or Burnt Out? The Social Psychological Health Of United Methodist Pastors, Philip Gibson Jan 2015

On Fire Or Burnt Out? The Social Psychological Health Of United Methodist Pastors, Philip Gibson

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This study examines the social processes and structures that shape the social psychological health of United Methodist pastors. These individuals play a central role in a religious institution that is in a state of decline in the 21st century United States. In addition, burnout, a state of compromised social psychological health related to work involving relationships, is a salient issue among clergy. Using a qualitative approach based in grounded theory methodology, 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted with current and former United Methodist pastors, including those in a supervisory role within the Church hierarchy. Using grounded theory coding practices, data from …

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County-Level Homicide In The United States: An Analysis From A Social Disorganization Perspective, Julien Grayer Jan 2015

County-Level Homicide In The United States: An Analysis From A Social Disorganization Perspective, Julien Grayer

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The United States has the highest rates of homicide among industrialized nations. The analysis of variations in the homicide rate lends itself to interpretation through various theoretical frameworks, one of which is social disorganization. Social disorganization is commonly used as a means to discuss crime in the context of neighborhoods and communities. The argument of social disorganization is that criminal activity is curbed by collective efficacy. That collective efficacy is affected by structural variables such as poverty, residential stability, and heterogeneity. The question then became whether social disorganization could be utilized for county-level analysis. The results showed that social disorganization …

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Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Symptoms Of Binge Eating Disorder (Bed) And Sub-Threshold Bed, Emilee Elizabeth Burgess Jan 2015

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Symptoms Of Binge Eating Disorder (Bed) And Sub-Threshold Bed, Emilee Elizabeth Burgess

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The present study investigated the efficacy of a single administration of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce binge eating symptoms, namely food consumption, food cravings, and binge urges, in individuals clinically diagnosed with BED and sub-threshold BED. The study used a within-subjects crossover design whereby each participant received both a real and a sham condition of tDCS in counterbalanced order. Results indicated that tDCS significantly reduced caloric intake of specifically preferred foods during an in-lab eating test, decreased food cravings induced by food photo images, and decreased binge desire on the same day as treatment, compared to sham stimulation. …

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The Adaptive Significance Of Phenotypic Plasticity In The Wild: An Experimental Test Using The Brown Anole Lizard (Anolis Sagrei), Corey Dale Cates Jan 2015

The Adaptive Significance Of Phenotypic Plasticity In The Wild: An Experimental Test Using The Brown Anole Lizard (Anolis Sagrei), Corey Dale Cates

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The conditions that embryos experience during development have substantial effects on offspring phenotypes and fitness. Although plastic responses to developmental environments are widespread, whether they are adaptive is unknown in most cases. Developmental plasticity is often thought to be adaptive in heterogeneous environments, but it can also enhance fitness when environments experienced by embryos provide cues for the conditions they will eventually experience later in life. Under the latter scenario, early embryonic conditions could program an individual’s physiology to appropriately deal with predictable future conditions. This hypothesis has received support in the ecological and medical literature on diverse organisms. However, …

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The Impact Of Student Loans On Homeownership, Matthew Eric Click Jan 2015

The Impact Of Student Loans On Homeownership, Matthew Eric Click

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This thesis examines the relationship between student loan debt and homeownership. I hypothesize that a negative relationship exists, and control for a respondent’s age, household income, household size, race, gender, marital status, and level of education. Using a binary logistic regression model to examine data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) and the 2014 Survey of Household Economic Decisions (SHED), I model the odds-ratios and predicted probabilities of homeownership for respondents with and without student loans. I find a decrease in the predicted probability of homeownership by 8.4% and 9.3% in the NFCS and SHED datasets, respectively. While …

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Interlayer Utilization (Including Metal Borides) For Subsequent Deposition Of Nsd Films Via Microwave Plasma Cvd On 316 And 440c Stainless Steels, Jared Ballinger Jan 2015

Interlayer Utilization (Including Metal Borides) For Subsequent Deposition Of Nsd Films Via Microwave Plasma Cvd On 316 And 440c Stainless Steels, Jared Ballinger

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Diamond thin films have promising applications in numerous fields due to the extreme properties of diamonds in conjunction with the surface enhancement of thin films. Biomedical applications are numerous including temporary implants and various dental and surgical instruments. The unique combination of properties offered by nanostructured diamond films that make it such an attractive surface coating include extreme hardness, low obtainable surface roughness, excellent thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness. Regrettably, numerous problems exist when attempting to coat stainless steel with diamond generating a readily delaminated film: outward diffusion of iron to the surface, inward diffusion of carbon limiting necessary surface …

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On The Simplest Lamination Of A Given Identity Return Triangle, Brandon Lee Barry Jan 2015

On The Simplest Lamination Of A Given Identity Return Triangle, Brandon Lee Barry

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Laminations are models for locally connected Julia sets of complex polynomials. This paper is concerned with laminations associated with degree 3 polynomials. We introduce and discuss simplest laminations and prove that subject to certain conditions a finite collection C of periodic polygons is associated with a simplest lamination L_C. This lamination is unique with respect to some collection of pullback schemes. We apply this result to the case where the collection C consists of the orbit of a periodic chord. We then introduce and characterize simple Fatou gaps by their boundary leaves and discuss the relationship between simple Fatou gaps …

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