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University of Alabama at Birmingham

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Articles 2581 - 2610 of 5836

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

How School District Secession Impacts The District Left Behind, Christopher Tyler Burks Jan 2018

How School District Secession Impacts The District Left Behind, Christopher Tyler Burks

All ETDs from UAB

This is the first national analysis of school district secessions that predicts which kind of school districts are likely to have a secession attempt and measures the impact of secession on the per-pupil revenue of the district left behind. Data on school district secessions was limited prior to EdBuild’s 2017 report, Fractured. This thesis combines data from the National Center for Education Statistics with EdBuild’s data on secessions. Using a linear probability model, I find that larger districts in urban areas with more disadvantaged students receiving free and reduced-price lunch are more likely to experience a secession attempt. I then …

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On The Inside: Evaluating Arts Education Programs In Prisons, Natalie Rae Campbell Jan 2018

On The Inside: Evaluating Arts Education Programs In Prisons, Natalie Rae Campbell

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Prison-arts programs are those that provide hands-on art education to inmates in correctional facilities. This study examines the prevalence of such programs throughout the United States as well as the effects that they have on inmates who participate in art education within a correctional facility. The project’s purpose raises questions about the efficacy of rehabilitative education and about how this type of education is funded and sustained. The research presented provides an insight into how many people prison-arts programs serve, at what frequency, and under what conditions classes are taught, as well as outside perceptions on the improvement of quality …

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Sleep Disturbances In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christian Clesi Jan 2018

Sleep Disturbances In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christian Clesi

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children with autism may also have associated symptoms; one of the most prevalent being sleep disorders, with estimated prevalence rates ranging from 40 to 80% (Goldman, McGrew, Johnson, Richdale, Clemons, & Malow, 2011). Measuring sleep disturbances in this population can be particularly challenging due to the symptoms of the disorder, including impairments in communication. Therefore, research in this field regularly relies on parent-report data to measure sleep disturbances in children with ASD. …

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Hippocampal Ca1 Dentation And Its Relationship With Episodic Memory In Healthy Children, Julia Beattie Jan 2018

Hippocampal Ca1 Dentation And Its Relationship With Episodic Memory In Healthy Children, Julia Beattie

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Hippocampal dentation is a morphological feature present on the inferior surface of the human hippocampus, most clearly visible in the sagittal view in structural neuroimaging. This dissertation examines the development of hippocampal dentation during childhood and adolescence, as well as its functional relationship with episodic memory performance. Our previous work in examining hippocampal dentation in healthy adults represented the first systematic description as well as the first indication of functional significance of this feature (i.e., both verbal and visual memory performance). In this new series of studies, two large, NIH-funded databases were utilized to examine this feature in samples of …

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Driving Through The Fog: The Impact Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Mental Fog And Driving Performance, Tyler Reed Bell Jan 2018

Driving Through The Fog: The Impact Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Mental Fog And Driving Performance, Tyler Reed Bell

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Every year, millions of people in the United States sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Subsequently, a subset of people with TBIs may incur roadway crashes due to poorer vehicle maneuvering and problems with higher-order driving skills such as speed control and lane maintenance. Research is needed to better understand what relates to driving aptitude following TBI. Previous research in individuals with TBI has focused on objective cognition, the set of mental abilities that help to process information for memory, planning, and action. TBIs can result in cognitive difficulties, which for some, may last months after mild cases and a …

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Evaluating The Biology And Ecology Of Sea Turtles In The Context Of Anthropogenic Climate Change, Elizabeth Michelle Bevan Jan 2018

Evaluating The Biology And Ecology Of Sea Turtles In The Context Of Anthropogenic Climate Change, Elizabeth Michelle Bevan

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This dissertation addresses several key gaps in our knowledge of how long-term threats, like climate change, impact the survival and reproduction of thermally-sensitive endangered sea turtles. Many aspects of the sea turtle life history, such as sex determination in hatchlings, are directly affected by environmental temperatures, making sea turtles crucial sentinels for monitoring the impacts of ecosystem variability. Chapter 1 re-evaluates the historic size of the Kemp’s ridley sea turtle population in the context of current nesting trends at its primary nesting habitat in the western Gulf of Mexico to address recovery targets and the conservation status for this species. …

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Stellar Mass Density Dependence Of Hot Gas Retention In Local (Z < 0.03) Early-Type Galaxies, Chris Spradlin Jan 2018

Stellar Mass Density Dependence Of Hot Gas Retention In Local (Z < 0.03) Early-Type Galaxies, Chris Spradlin

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Hot gas characteristic to early-type galaxies (ETG) has been well-studied; this hot gas is the result of high velocity dispersions intrinsic to galaxies with low net angular momentum, in conjunction with stellar mass loss of highly-evolved red giant stars. Accordingly, one would expect the extent of these hot gas halos to trace very well with stellar mass, which is typically calculated with tightly-constrained mass-to-light ratios in the infrared K-band. However, ETGs exhibit a large dispersion between their X-ray hot gas luminosities and their K-band luminosities, indicating that the presence of ETG hot gas halos is only loosely related to their …

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Establishing Control: An Investigation Into An Alternate Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) Control Condition As A Replacement For Traditional Sham, Carl Edward Stevens Jan 2018

Establishing Control: An Investigation Into An Alternate Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) Control Condition As A Replacement For Traditional Sham, Carl Edward Stevens

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique with promise to improve numerous diseases, but results are inconsistent. A strong candidate explanation for conflicting evidence is that imbalances in expectation effects arise because participants frequently discern full-session current in “real” tDCS from mostly absent current in “fake” tDCS (sham, or control) conditions. Therefore, we conducted a study to test a better control procedure. The real tDCS condition targeted dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with a right-anode/left-cathode montage expected to suppress food craving and eating. The control targeted sensorimotor cortex with a left-anode/right-cathode montage. Twenty-eight adults with overweight or obesity body …

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Understanding Associations Among Race, Socioeconomic Status, And The Experience Of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical And Experimental Evidence, Kathryn Ann Thompson Jan 2018

Understanding Associations Among Race, Socioeconomic Status, And The Experience Of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical And Experimental Evidence, Kathryn Ann Thompson

All ETDs from UAB

Knee OA is an active disease process involving cartilage destruction, subchondral bone thickening, and new bone formation affecting 22% of American adults (46.4 million) over age 18 years. Past literature suggests, a disproportionate number of racial/ethnic minorities, particularly non-Hispanic Blacks, are affected by knee OA. Furthermore, over one in four (28%) Blacks have an income below the national poverty level compared with 11% of Whites. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to examine racial and SES differences in the experience of pain and physical functioning in adults with knee OA. 191 participants (62% female, 52% Black) were recruited …

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Strap Promotes Stemness And Tumorigenesis In Colon Cancer, Trung Vu Jan 2018

Strap Promotes Stemness And Tumorigenesis In Colon Cancer, Trung Vu

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Emerging data suggest that Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein (STRAP), a scaffold protein, is upregulated in several human cancers. Here, we report a novel oncogenic function of STRAP, maintaining the colorectal cancer stem cell subpopulations in a heterogeneous mixture and drug resistance by suppressing the formation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and epigenetically activating Notch signals in human colorectal cancer. Our data show that depletion of STRAP by shRNA sensitizes the colorectal tumor cells to drug-induced apoptosis. STRAP knockdown also contributes to the reduced stem-like phenotype of cells, indicated by reduced expression of CSC signatures and Notch signaling regulators in …

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Improving The Quality Of Public Service In Developing World: A Case Study Of Governmental Organizations In Herat City, Afghanistan, Firooz Jahani Jan 2018

Improving The Quality Of Public Service In Developing World: A Case Study Of Governmental Organizations In Herat City, Afghanistan, Firooz Jahani

All ETDs from UAB

Since the Taliban collapse in 2001, Afghanistan has made progress in providing public services to its citizens. The quantity of public services provided by governmental agencies has increased but whether the quality of these services has increased remains a question. The purpose of this thesis is to study the quality of public services delivered by governmental agencies in Herat City, Afghanistan. A modified Gap Model of Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Scale was used in this study to assess the citizens’ perceptions and expectations of public services. A survey was administered to a sample of 2,565 citizens receiving services from 57 governmental …

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Out Of America, William Ervin King Jan 2018

Out Of America, William Ervin King

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OUT OF AMERICA WILLIAM ‘BO’ KING ENGLISH ABSTRACT Out of America is a creative nonfiction novella that tells the story of my life as an expatriate minor, living away from the United States where I was born. The story covers a number of themes including divorce, kidnapping, race, anti-American sentiment, death, rebirth, and figuring out my place in the middle of all of it. I wanted to write this piece to finally give voice to myself and my history. The story begins with my family’s flight from the United States. This came after legal recourse had been denied following allegations …

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Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Compositions And Functions In Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Ecosystems In East Antarctica, Hyunmin Koo Jan 2018

Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Compositions And Functions In Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Ecosystems In East Antarctica, Hyunmin Koo

All ETDs from UAB

The perennially ice-covered lakes of the Antarctic continent are considered to be the ideal extreme ecosystems to study growth, sustenance, and evolution of microbial mats without any direct influence by higher organisms and other external environmental factors. This dissertation research utilized Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics tools to study the microbial composition and metabolic potential of the microbial mats in permanently ice-covered freshwater Lake Untersee, Lake Obersee and their surrounding ecosystems in East Antarctica. Overall, the microbial communities in the microbial mats of Lake Untersee were distinct in regard to their compositions, shared taxa and metabolic potential as …

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Mobile Rhetorics: Laptop Stickers, Emplacement, And Circulation, Kathleen Kryger Jan 2018

Mobile Rhetorics: Laptop Stickers, Emplacement, And Circulation, Kathleen Kryger

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This thesis proposes that a new materialist rhetorical investigation of stickers placed on mobile objects of personal use allows scholars to recognize a semiotic and rhetorical connection between human rhetors and the objects of their daily lives. To explore this connection, I analyze stickers situated on laptop computers through their materiality, their geosemiotic emplacement, and their potential rhetorical circulation patterns. Stickers placed on such mobile objects capitalize on their rhetorical consequentiality through their situatedness in the physical world and their connection to the human rhetors positioned in relation to the objects. This work hopes to shift the perception of objects …

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Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene Jan 2018

Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene

All ETDs from UAB

This study explores the role of ApoE e4 in cognitive function and incident stroke to better understand the risk of cognitive decline associated with both normal aging and dementia. ApoE e4 is a genetic risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and may have detrimental effects on cerebrovascular integrity by increasing the risk of acquiring cerebrovascular abnormalities such as white matter lesions (WMLs), infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Subtle cognitive impairments may reflect these clinically undetected brain vascular pathologies that also are associated with increased likelihood of incident stroke. Results of the study revealed that ApoE e4 was associated with …

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Effectiveness Of A Robot Social Skills Therapy For Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jenna Brooke Lebersfeld Jan 2018

Effectiveness Of A Robot Social Skills Therapy For Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jenna Brooke Lebersfeld

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This study examined the effectiveness of a robot-based social skills intervention for school-age children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) across a range of cognitive ability. Sixteen children were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 8), which received the robot intervention, or a control group (n = 8), which played non-emotion games with the robot. All participants reported high levels of enjoyment, motivation, and willingness to have future robot interaction sessions, indicating that the robot intervention is engaging and interesting for this population. However, there was no difference between groups on measures of emotion identification or generalized social skills. …

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Not By That Of Heaven: The Influence Of Theatre Lighting On The Early Works Of Charles Dickens, Grant Martin Jan 2018

Not By That Of Heaven: The Influence Of Theatre Lighting On The Early Works Of Charles Dickens, Grant Martin

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Changes in technology in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had a profound impact on the way lighting was manipulated in theatres. No longer a simple question of illuminating action, lighting became a dynamic and essential element of drama. As an enthusiast of theatre during this transition, a young Charles Dickens was influenced by the visual spectacle he saw in theatres, and that influence is evident in his early novels. Those narratives frequently employ specific descriptions of light and perspective, which are key components of Dickens’ unique and widely celebrated visual style. In the early novels explored here, we see how …

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Cortical-Subcortical Functional Connectivity Of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jose Omar Maximo Jan 2018

Cortical-Subcortical Functional Connectivity Of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jose Omar Maximo

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Studies examining functional brain networks have risen exponentially over the last decade and have characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain network connectivity and organization. These studies typically rely on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlations between two or more regions in the cerebral cortex and make inferences about brain connectivity. However, brain connectivity differences might span subcortical regions such as the thalamus and basal ganglia as well; and only a few studies have examined cortico-subcortical connectivity in ASD. …

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Effect Of Occupational Demands On Driving Safety In Surgical Residents, Benjamin Mcmanus Jan 2018

Effect Of Occupational Demands On Driving Safety In Surgical Residents, Benjamin Mcmanus

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The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Examination recently revised and implemented duty hour standards that increased maximum duty hours for first year medical residents and reduced the minimal amount of time off between duty periods for all medical residents. The new standards were introduced largely without consideration of empirical research on objectively measured occupational health and safety factors for medical residents, particularly in contexts where their safety may be at-risk such as driving. Little work has examined driving performance in medical residents at multiple periods surrounding duty, including in reference to off-duty driving performance as a baseline. Certain work-related factors …

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Lick My Battery, Sasha Mitchell Jan 2018

Lick My Battery, Sasha Mitchell

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An insecure cyborg named Grit defects to a tech-atheist society. Her neuro-disorder-addicted sister, Siri, follows her with a licentious government drone, one officer Rah Tetra of the Austere Sapien Services (A.S.S. for short). Sex, anthropology, family dysfunction, and social rigidity are tackled beneath the influences of Radiohead, Billy Wilder, and Jonathan Swift.

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Neighborhood Disorder And Risky Sexual Behaviors In Adolescents, Catheryn Orihuela Jan 2018

Neighborhood Disorder And Risky Sexual Behaviors In Adolescents, Catheryn Orihuela

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This present study addresses the effect of neighborhood decay and a need for security on early sexual initiation, use of contraception, number of sexual partners, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI). As part of a larger investigation of adolescent health (Healthy Passages) the sample included 1,253 youth who were recruited from 5th grade classrooms in public schools in Birmingham, Alabama and followed throughout adolescence [1]. At baseline (Mage=11 years), trained observers completed assessments of neighborhood decay and security; geocoded census tract data yielded a composite measure of concentrated poverty; and youth and parents reported on their demographics and family …

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The Relationship Of Cognitive Decline And Impairment To The Ad8 And Activities Of Living In The Regards Sample, Jesse S. Passler Jan 2018

The Relationship Of Cognitive Decline And Impairment To The Ad8 And Activities Of Living In The Regards Sample, Jesse S. Passler

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The AD8 is a sensitive and specific screening measure of mild dementia, although less research exists pertaining to its use as a self-report measure and in non-clinical samples. This study examined the relationship of incident cognitive impairment and cognitive decline over a 10-year span to self-reported dementia symptoms and functional impairment in the national, population-based, longitudinal, and prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) sample (N = 14,453). A validated cutoff of ≥ 2 symptoms endorsed on the AD8 was used for dementia status. Functional status was determined by 5 activities of daily living (ADL) and 7 …

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Examining The Role Of Injustice Perception In A Multiethnic Sample Of Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn Jan 2018

Examining The Role Of Injustice Perception In A Multiethnic Sample Of Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is among the most disabling, costly, and painful conditions worldwide. In the United States, there is consistent evidence that the burden of chronic pain and associated disability disproportionately affect non-Hispanic Blacks (“Blacks”) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (“Whites”), with Blacks reporting greater pain frequency, severity, and disability. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that perceptions of injustice related to personal pain or injury is a crucial risk factor for poor outcomes in chronic pain, including persistent musculoskeletal pain disorders. Although racial differences have been reported for multiple chronic pain conditions, relatively minimal attention has been given to potential …

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The Effects Of Need-Based Aid On College Enrollment: An Analysis Of Institutions That Award College Promise Scholarships, Undre Phillips Jan 2018

The Effects Of Need-Based Aid On College Enrollment: An Analysis Of Institutions That Award College Promise Scholarships, Undre Phillips

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People that obtain a college degree or certification are more likely to have an enhanced quality of life in areas of physical, mental, and financial well-being. The College Promise program promotes college enrollment by offering need-based scholarships with hopes that all students can obtain at least a two-year degree. Several scholars have examined the pre- and post-enrollment effects of College Promise programs on a per program basis, but no nationwide study exists that examines pre- and post-enrollment of institutions that award the scholarship. To determine the enrollment effect of College Promise programs, I examine the post-effect of enrollment among the …

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The Influence Of Treatment Expectation On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs)-Induced Suppression Of Craving And Eating, Mary Katherine Osborn Ray Jan 2018

The Influence Of Treatment Expectation On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs)-Induced Suppression Of Craving And Eating, Mary Katherine Osborn Ray

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique with promise to improve numerous diseases, but results are inconsistent. Possible explanations for the conflicting evidence include: 1) expectation effects arising from discernable real vs. sham tDCS conditions, and 2) uncontrolled individual differences related to the outcome variables. Therefore, we conducted a study that systematically assessed the putative action of tDCS to suppress food craving and eating while controlling for expectation effects and baseline individual differences. N=74 adults were randomized to one of four groups: Told Fake/Got Fake (participants were told they were receiving fake and received fake tDCS), Told Fake/Got …

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Pulsed Laser Deposition And Electrical Properties Of Zinc Selenide Based Thin Film Structures For Integration With Mid-Infrared Applications, Matthew Webster Rhoades Jan 2018

Pulsed Laser Deposition And Electrical Properties Of Zinc Selenide Based Thin Film Structures For Integration With Mid-Infrared Applications, Matthew Webster Rhoades

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Thin films of chlorine (Cl) and copper (Cu) doped zinc selenide (Cl:ZnSe and Cu:ZnSe) were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with the goal of enabling a multilayered semiconductor structure for a mid-infrared (mid-IR) electrically excited laser. Doping of ZnSe is achieved by varying the mass ratio of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) or copper selenide (Cu2Se) to ZnSe precursors in starting pressed powder targets. Appropriate adjustment of the fraction of dopant precursor in the mixtures allows for the control of the dopant concentration, ND–NA for ND ≫ NA (or NA-ND for NA ≫ ND) in the thin films, where ND is …

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Shaped Stimuli-Responsive Layer-By-Layer Hydrogels For Targeted Drug Delivery, Bing Xue Jan 2018

Shaped Stimuli-Responsive Layer-By-Layer Hydrogels For Targeted Drug Delivery, Bing Xue

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The development of polymeric delivery systems help overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of systemically-delivered therapeutic drugs, such as poor solubility and stability, multidrug resistance, inefficient accumulation in the diseased sites and unexpected toxicity to normal tissues. Polymeric vehicles possessing stimuli-sensitivity can prevent premature drug leakage and enable controlled cargo release. The modification with bioactive ligands aids to the accumulation of carriers in the targeted tissues to locally increase the concentration of therapeutics and decrease off-target toxicity. The manipulation of physical characteristics (e.g. size, shape) is also essential in the design of drug delivery systems since these properties play pivotal roles in …

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Macrodomain Mystery: Investigating The Structure-Function Link In Novel Tylonycteris Hku4 And Rousettus Hku9 Coronavirus Proteins, Robert Glenn Hammond Jan 2018

Macrodomain Mystery: Investigating The Structure-Function Link In Novel Tylonycteris Hku4 And Rousettus Hku9 Coronavirus Proteins, Robert Glenn Hammond

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Since 2003, two severely human pathogenic viruses have emerged as a formidable health threat with no effective treatment to date. These viruses belong to the coronavirus (CoV) family. Upon infection, this viral family uses host cell machinery to translate nonstructural proteins (nsps) which are used to facilitate the viral life cycle. The first major human viral threat, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, contains a multidomain region within its nsp3 called the SARS Unique Domain (SUD). This region contains macrodomains, which are implicated in viral replication. Macrodomains bind monomeric and polymeric ADP-ribose, a biomolecule involved in many cellular processes. …

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Human Neurobiology Following Trauma: Assessing Brain Function, Structure, And Biochemistry, Nathaniel Gene Harnett Jan 2018

Human Neurobiology Following Trauma: Assessing Brain Function, Structure, And Biochemistry, Nathaniel Gene Harnett

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Approximately 25 million United States (U.S.) citizens experience a potentially traumatic event each year, and almost 90% of the U.S. population will experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Trauma exposure is the primary antecedent to the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a highly debilitating mental health disorder characterized by chronic cognitive-affective dysfunction. However, there is considerable variability in susceptibility to PTSD. Specifically, trauma exposure may result in PTSD for one person, but not another. Therefore, a better understanding of the acute processes that affect brain function, structure, and biochemistry following trauma exposure is critical for the …

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Evaluation Of The Factors Influencing Feed Intake And Satiety Of The Variegated Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus, Marlee Hayes Jan 2018

Evaluation Of The Factors Influencing Feed Intake And Satiety Of The Variegated Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus, Marlee Hayes

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Feed intake is the primary determinant of nutrient and energy acquisition for most metazoans. Satiety regulates feed intake and may have cascading effects on nutrient acquisition and health. Satiety of many higher organisms involves complex processes and a variety of signaling molecules that are responsive to many factors associated with nutrient intake. However, the ability to sate is observed in many simpler animals with less complex physiological processes. Sea urchins, with relatively simple digestive and nervous systems, provide an ideal model for the study of fundamental drivers of feed intake. Understanding the process of satiety in this primitive deuterostome can …

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