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Articles 2191 - 2220 of 571392

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Between Knowledge And Disguise The Atlantic Desert With Spanish Eyes, Adel Jahil Jun 2026

Between Knowledge And Disguise The Atlantic Desert With Spanish Eyes, Adel Jahil

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Travel literature is about the description of a country, where the traveller takes notes about his impressions and observations, according to his vision and psychological formation. However, this description mixes reality and imagination, narration and scientific, historical, geographic, social and psychological facts. Through such description, the traveller provides an image about the other in his text, as it is portrayed in the reviews of the 1886 Spanish expedition, which was designated to act for a scientific task in the Atlantic Sahara under the auspices of General Julio Cervera Baviera. Consequently, through its own viewpoint, the expedition provided positive and negative …

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Three Spanish Spies In The Maghreb Of The Century The Nineteenth, Abdelmouneim Bounou Jun 2026

Three Spanish Spies In The Maghreb Of The Century The Nineteenth, Abdelmouneim Bounou

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

At the end of the 19th century, imperialism mobilized a whole conquest arsenal which resulted in a significant increase of archival documents about Morocco, as few travelers ventured into a land that seemed to be symbolic of the unknown. The case of these three Spanish spies, who came to Morocco to spy on the Moroccan society, destabilize the country and thus create the conditions for a military intervention by Spain in Northern and Southern Morocco, reflects the development of European wars and colonial conquests in North Africa, where spying operations flourished throughout the 19th century. The endeavor was about collecting …

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Secret Explorations In Africa: Explorers, Spies And Travelers In Forbidden Regions, Aicha Al-Maati Jun 2026

Secret Explorations In Africa: Explorers, Spies And Travelers In Forbidden Regions, Aicha Al-Maati

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article summarizes Fernando Ballano Gonzalo’s Secret explorations in Africa in which he compiled his research on disguised travellers from various nationalities, whose passion for adventure and travel was greater than their fears. These travellers penetrated prohibited African regions with the aim of serving their countries’ governments, or with the desire and personal curiosity of exploring the ‘other.’ They came back with valuable information about the places they visited. They had been supernaturally capable of living spontaneously with a mask/ masks which the other was unable to take off or uncover. The travellers even find themselves sometimes unable to abandon …

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The Enemy Always Comes From The South, Abdelouahed Akmir Director Of The Center For Andalusian Studies And Civilizational Dialogue In Rabat Jun 2026

The Enemy Always Comes From The South, Abdelouahed Akmir Director Of The Center For Andalusian Studies And Civilizational Dialogue In Rabat

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article will describe the dynamism of history which lacks cognitive follow-up, based on the idea of conflict between the North and the South, and on the assertions that often partake of this relationship. These contentions are rooted in the dominant culture, and contribute to orienting this relationship and its history. Among such assertions this article focus on is the fact that "the enemy always comes from the South." The scholar will try to deconstruct such an idea through two axes: The first will be concerned with the way in which this assertion has been established in the Spanish political, …

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Masking Colonial Imposture: When Mardochée Writes Back Against Charles De Foucauld’S Narrative, Ahmed Aziz Houdzi Jun 2026

Masking Colonial Imposture: When Mardochée Writes Back Against Charles De Foucauld’S Narrative, Ahmed Aziz Houdzi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Charles de Foucault is probably one of the most famous explorers who travelled through pre-colonial Morocco. His achievement is still considered as a milestone in the colonial historiography. However, surprisingly enough, the success and fame of this explorer considerably hide the essential role and the fundamental contribution of his travelling companion Mardochée Aby Serour. This article will examine, through Mustapha Kébir Ammi's novel “Mardochée”, the guide's position regarding the mission in which he undertook together with Charles de Foucault, alias Youssef Aleman. In “Mardochée” (2011), Kébir-Mustapha Ammi gives voice to this character which remained silent and deprived of the right …

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Translucent Masks, Eloquentfaces: Adrián Patroni An (Anti) Orientalist In Morocco, Ahmed Balghzal Jun 2026

Translucent Masks, Eloquentfaces: Adrián Patroni An (Anti) Orientalist In Morocco, Ahmed Balghzal

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This paper will approach the representations of Morocco in the latin-American discourse, namely through De la Argentina a Marruecos by Adrián Patroni. It will determine the discursive bipolarity in this work which stands in between a critical view based on some basic assumptions of the Orientalist discourse and a deeply subjective assessment of the Moroccan culture that reproduces the same discursive phenomena that the author tries to deconstruct. Through a selective analytical approach, the study will show the impact of using the mask in a set of narrative strategies in order to deconstruct the structure of classical Orientalist writing, such …

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Marruecos Visto Por El Colonizador A Través Del Viaje De Julio Cervera Baviera, Nadia Baline Jun 2026

Marruecos Visto Por El Colonizador A Través Del Viaje De Julio Cervera Baviera, Nadia Baline

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

: Julio Cervera Baviera is a scientist, a politician and an adventurer. He is passionate about Africa. He was sent to Morocco in 1884 on a four-month expedition mission with the aim of a subsequent military occupation. This Spanish traveler described most of the details of the expedition in Expedición geográfico- militar al interior y costas de Marruecos, he himself wrote and published in Barcelona in 1885. This book provides a geographical description of the regions he visited, as well as the traditions of their people. Julio Cervera Baviera’s expedition left from Ceuta and arrived in Fez, Morocco, armed with …

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Who Are Pessoa’ English Heteronyms? A Review Of Maria Colom Jiménez’ Thesis Fernando Pessoa’S English Literary Characters, Mohamed Jalid Jun 2026

Who Are Pessoa’ English Heteronyms? A Review Of Maria Colom Jiménez’ Thesis Fernando Pessoa’S English Literary Characters, Mohamed Jalid

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This paper aims at introducing Maria Colom Jiménez[1]’ thesis Fernando Pessoa’s English Literary Characters: A critical Study and Assessment of Personalities and Texts, which was presented in 2016 at Universidad Complutense de Madrid in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctorate degree. Pessoa’s heteronyms (literary characters/ personalities) is presented herein not as pseudonyms, but rather as fictional characters that undertake, alongside or on behalf of him, the task of planning, thinking, creating and writing. Such an imaginary world is, according to Jiménez, the first literary endeavor that allowed him to develop what he called ‘drama emgente’ (drama in people). …

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Editorial (Arabic) Disguise Representations(S), Chouaib Halifi Jun 2026

Editorial (Arabic) Disguise Representations(S), Chouaib Halifi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

No abstract provided.

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Editorial (English) Disguise Representations(S), Chouaib Halifi Jun 2026

Editorial (English) Disguise Representations(S), Chouaib Halifi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

No abstract provided.

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Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska Jun 2026

Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

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World Literature According To Its Poster Children, Jernej Habjan Jun 2026

World Literature According To Its Poster Children, Jernej Habjan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Some of the most influential pronouncements on world literature have been made by the kind of authors who are most likely to emerge as representatives of world literature once we agree on a definition, including Goethe, the young Marx, Tagore, Gorky, Hesse, Kundera, and the distinguished signatories of the manifesto for a world-literature in French. Breaking out of this vicious circle by referring to the authority of pure theorists of world literature is not the solution, as this would only pull us into a new vicious circle where most of these theorists would mostly remind us of the names that …

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A Crisis For Utopia: Jameson, The Collective, And The Future Of World Literature, Trevor Jackson Jun 2026

A Crisis For Utopia: Jameson, The Collective, And The Future Of World Literature, Trevor Jackson

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Working with Fredric Jameson’s influential discussions of utopia and world literature, the essay suggests that the prospect of utopia is frightening and also possibly boring insofar as it threatens to drain away the already waning possibility of experience in a postmodern, globalized world. In this world, resentment of the present seems to go hand in hand with a nostalgia for a fictitious past, underscoring the difficulty of conceptualizing new social, cultural, and economic arrangements. Viewing world literature as a possible source of a new utopian thought, a utopia unlimited to its contemporary dystopian guises, the essay retraces Jameson’s pronouncements on …

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Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić Jun 2026

Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article traces the evolution of Milan Kundera’s notion of world literature across his career, contextualizing his writings within major historical events, including the so-called liberalization of Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, the post-1989 transition of the former Soviet bloc, and the turn of the millennium. Throughout the years, but particularly after his own immigration to France in 1975, Kundera consistently tied the notion of world literature with that of Central Europe to emerge with a conceptual framework that enabled him to position (semi-)peripheral European literatures within the Western canon. In his influential 2005 essay “Die Weltliteratur,” Kundera ultimately reframed the …

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Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During Jun 2026

Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Erich Auerbach’s essay on world literature, written in the early postwar period, has become central to our understanding of the field. This essay contextualizes Auerbach on world literature by approaching it through his larger project, which it thinks about in relation to scholars rarely considered in this context. These scholars are the French literary historians and critics Hippolyte Taine and Remy de Gourmont, and the German historical sociologist Alexander Rüstow. To place Auerbach at an intersection of these very different figures turns out to be illuminating. It both enlarges our sense of him and helps us better understand why he …

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Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan Jun 2026

Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article looks at how Slovene intellectuals and writers in the 1930s attempted to redefine the role of a small nation within the world-system in the face of global economic crisis, authoritarianism, imperialism, and the threat of fascist expansion. Three central interventions are examined in detail: firstly, Josip Vidmar’s culturalist defense of Slovenia as a nation defined by its intellectual and artistic achievements, which is contrasted with Edvard Kardelj’s Marxist reinterpretation of the Slovene national question as part of a broader anti-imperialist struggle; secondly, Anton Ocvirk’s peripheral model of comparative literary history, which emphasizes the creative contribution of small literatures …

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The Proletarian Moment In World Literature, Anna Björk Einarsdóttir Jun 2026

The Proletarian Moment In World Literature, Anna Björk Einarsdóttir

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

During the interwar period (1918–1939), an international literary movement emerged in relation to internationalist and socialist politics and political struggles. Writers around the world saw themselves as contributors to a new proletarian moment within the historical unfolding of world literature. This movement was international, and writers situated on the peripheries of both the capitalist core and the emerging socialist world looked toward revolutionary Russia and other centers of the socialist world. This paper focuses on three such authors, the American Richard Wright, the Argentinian Roberto Arlt, and the Icelander Halldór Laxness. During the interwar period, all three were involved in …

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Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan Jun 2026

Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This essay investigates how Zheng Zhenduo (郑振铎 1898–1958) developed a theory of world literature in response to threats to China both politically from without and culturally from within. Centered on an analysis of his 1922 article “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀), the essay argues that although Zheng believed like many of his contemporaries in the transformative effects of reading world literature in translation, that does not constitute the entirety of his theorization of world literature. Instead, he accepted the first-move advantage of other national literatures in defining both world literary standards and literature …

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Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang Jun 2026

Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This article examines Chinese literary scholar Zheng Zhenduo’s 1922 essay “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀) as a counter-narrative to both imperial isolationism and post-World War I nationalist fragmentation. Writing at the intersection of China’s May Fourth Movement and the global post-war crisis, Zheng developed a theory of world literature that challenged both Goethean Eurocentrism and the compartmentalization of comparative literary studies. Through systematic analysis of Zheng’s theoretical writings, editorial projects, and pioneering work on folk literature (suwenxue 俗文學), this article demonstrates that Zheng’s project of “the unification of literature” operated on three …

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An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin Jun 2026

An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The Vsemirnaia Literatura publishing house was founded in Petrograd by Maxim Gorky less than a year after the October Revolution. Aligned with the objectives of the new regime, its mission was to translate and publish a substantial body of European and Asian poetry and prose, thereby contributing to the broad cultural education of the emerging Soviet generations. These ambitions clearly reflect a key element of Gorky’s conception of culture as well: for Gorky, culture in its broadest sense (encompassing literature, art, music, and science) had the potential to unite humanity under the ideals of peace and harmony. Within this new …

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A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri Jun 2026

A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In 1907, Rabindranath Tagore delivered a lecture on world literature to an audience in Calcutta, the then capital of British India. Amid powerful and intersecting forces—colonialism and nationalism, industrial modernity and mass poverty—Tagore’s position on literature was neither disengaged nor defensive, insofar as he related it to the human condition and the capacity for world-making. Far from staking a representational claim to world literature on behalf of Indian or Bengali literature, I argue in this article, Tagore reconceptualized the idea from its earlier canonical formulation by Goethe. He departed from dominant nineteenth-century philosophies that conceived the world as a spatial—and …

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Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng Jun 2026

Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

It is widely assumed that Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels regarded world literature as an epiphenomenal product of the capitalist world market, and therefore as a symptom of rather than potential cure to the crisis of modern society. However, this conflicts with the fact that they designated the Communist Manifesto itself as a world-literary production—the joint work of communists of various nationalities—and opposed it to the national limitations of German socialist literature. This article challenges existing interpretations by outlining how Marx and Engels incorporated the humanistic idealism of the Goethean Weltliteratur tradition into the theoretical framework of historical materialism. It …

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World Literature: From Perpetual War To Perpetual Peace (And Back Again), Sándor Hites Jun 2026

World Literature: From Perpetual War To Perpetual Peace (And Back Again), Sándor Hites

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In this article, I address the relationship between world literature theories and questions of peace and war. I argue that the genesis of the concept of world literature in the 1790s was informed by profound transformations, in political theory, of the issue of the relevance and meaning of war and peace and their public perception. Theorists such as Wieland, Novalis, Jean Paul, and Fichte offered their concepts in response to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, adjusting them to shifting frontlines and the change of military fortune. Goethe’s notion of Weltliteratur already reflected on the geopolitics of the post-Napoleonic age, …

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Introduction: World Literature As World Crisis, Jernej Habjan Jun 2026

Introduction: World Literature As World Crisis, Jernej Habjan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter Volume 2 No. 2, Editors Note Jun 2026

Front Matter Volume 2 No. 2, Editors Note

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This is yet another issue of the Zamani journal which takes on varied debates and discussions of historical importance through the contributions to the issue. As we embark on volume three of the new journal’s series, this volume carries six articles, varied in scope but interesting in terms of contribution and relevance to historical synthesis. As editors, we hope that the articles contained here will be of interest to a wider audience of not only historians but also of allied disciplines, practitioners and the general readership. As we publish this volume, we also note the advantage of expanding the scope …

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Crises In The Nigerian Defence Sector In The Post-Civil War Period, Hussaini Jibrin Jun 2026

Crises In The Nigerian Defence Sector In The Post-Civil War Period, Hussaini Jibrin

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

History has it that post-war period in any country in the world appeared to be with many challenges of re-planning the defence system. It involves the reconstruction of pre-war institutions that are destroyed during the war for onward growth and development. Contrary to this tradition, this article explores that, in 1970 while Nigerians were celebrating about the end of the Nigerian civil war, fresh crises emerged in the country’s defence sector. Thus, General Yakubu Gowon’s government redirected its focus on addressing the crises. The crises are numerous, however, this article dwells on four only. These are demobilization exercise in the …

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Performance Of Buffer Zones In Tanzania: A Case Of Maswa Game Reserve, 1950s-2010s, James Benedict Kuboja Jun 2026

Performance Of Buffer Zones In Tanzania: A Case Of Maswa Game Reserve, 1950s-2010s, James Benedict Kuboja

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

National parks as core protected areas are universally regarded as the most important wildlife conservancies as they are protecting pristine nature or untouched wilderness. For this reason, global conservationists, with the assistance of colonial governments, introduced buffer zones in a bid to protect important protected areas from poaching and habitat destruction. Despite the promulgation of these buffer zones from the 1950s, scholars have not exhaustively evaluated their effectiveness in the conservation of wildlife resources within core protected areas and wildlife ecosystems at large. Using the case of Maswa Game Reserve in the Serengeti Mara Ecosystem, this article argues that internal …

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Historicising Nyerere’S Presidency In The Nyakyusa Mythical Narratives, Ignas Fedeo Jun 2026

Historicising Nyerere’S Presidency In The Nyakyusa Mythical Narratives, Ignas Fedeo

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Julius K Nyerere, the founding President of Tanzania, held office from 1962 to 1985. Much has been written about Nyerere's presidency, with the literature generally falling into two categories: strong advocacy for his decisions, actions, and ideas, and pointed criticism against him. Using narrative and new historicism theories, this article examines the recreation of the history of Nyerere’s presidency in local narratives, specifically Nyakyusa myths. The myths were collected using the oral history interviews from Kyela and Busokelo districts in Tanzania. The Nyakyusa believe that Nyerere was endowed with immense mystical powers, some of which embedded in his stick and …

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Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha Jun 2026

Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article is the first focused attempt to explore India–East Africa relationships in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, approximately two to three millennia before the Common Era (3000–300 BCE) from a puranic perspective. While extensive scholarship exists on medieval and later Indo–African exchanges, the pre-Common Era period has remained underexplored. Drawing on Purāṇic cosmographies, Greco-Roman geographical accounts, African archaeology, and Indian Ocean trade studies, this research reconstructs possible networks of contact facilitated by monsoon navigation and long-distance exchange. Methodologically, the article integrates textual exegesis, comparative cosmography, and archaeological correlation. The findings suggest that Indian conceptions of Śaṅkha-dvīpa reflect …

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Labour Migrancy And Ethnic Stereotypes: Experiences From Mufindi Tea Plantation, Ca. 1920s To 2000s, Hezron R. Kangalawe Jun 2026

Labour Migrancy And Ethnic Stereotypes: Experiences From Mufindi Tea Plantation, Ca. 1920s To 2000s, Hezron R. Kangalawe

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

While tea plantations brought good fortunes to some parts of Southern Highlands in Tanzania such as Mufindi and Rungwe during the British mandate, its production sites became centres of ethnic contestations in relation to work discipline. The colonial and post-colonial enterprises labelled some ethnic groups as “reliable labourers” and others “unreliable”. This article, uses the tea plantations in Mufindi district, Iringa, to debate the labour question and ethnic identity in tea plantations between 1920s and 2000s. It argues that tea plantations were practical point of colonial stereotyping whose architects were anthropologists. Interviews in Mufindi tea plantations and factories, archival and …

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