Arts and Humanities Commons^™

How To Design Tangible Learning Experiences: A Literature Review About Science Exhibit Design, Tina Bobbe, Robert Fischer

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designing science exhibits that promote visitor engagement and learning remains a challenge. While theoretical models about visitor learning has been thor-oughly addressed in the academic literature, there is little empirical knowledge about actual exhibit design. This takes place in a landscape of rapidly developing interaction technologies, while the demand for inclusion and equity measures increases. This lit-erature review aims at bridging knowledge from across various disciplines to offer a recent and comprehensible overview, providing a new status quo for further research and practice in exhibit design. Beginning with a definition and introduction of central terms and theoretical constructs around informal …

Tool For Assessing Supply Side Governance: Fma & Set Policy Analysis Approach, Prabhakar Kollapudi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the application of a tool Citizen Report Card Plus (CRC+) for assessing the quality and effectiveness of public governance, importantly looking into Accountability, Transparency and Time bound public Service delivery. Tool demonstrates the use of this framework by applying it to the working of the “investigation fund” of Karnataka Police Department. Tool considers this a supply side intervention as it can work only when records and internal data of government are available and government agencies are receptive to the findings. The tool presented in this paper goes beyond the identification of the problems …

Design Thinking Community Health & Well-Being: Creating With And For Community Capacities, Danielle Lake, Phillip Motley, Megan Casner, Kathleen Flannery

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper shares initial findings from an ongoing study assessing the value and limitations of a two-year community-engaged design thinking initiative intended to foster more inclusive and holistic public health community-based innovations with underserved communities across one county in the southeast U.S. The initiative hopes to institutionalize and socialize community-based design within a public health framework and build organizational and individual capacities. Initial findings indicate that participants find value in design thinking tools and processes, and that such processes have transformed mental models, fostered relationships, and built skills for participants' professional, civic, and personal lives. Findings also surfaced challenges related …

Critical Pedagogy And The Pluriversal Design Studio, Colin M. Gray

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Studio learning is central to the teaching of design. However, the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside emerging and historic critiques of studio ped-agogy, creates a space for critical engagement with the present and potential futures of design education in studio. In this paper, I outline historic critiques of studio pedagogy, drawing primarily from critical pedagogy literature to frame is-sues relating to disempowerment, student agency, and monolithic representa-tions of the student role and student development. I build upon this critical foundation to reimagine studio practices as pluriversal, recognizing the challeng-es and opportunities of bridging epistemological differences and facilitating the potential …

Negotiating The Page: Digital Annotation And Graphic Literature, Tania Allen, Margaret Simon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The past ten years have seen an increased acceptance and study of the graphic novel as a literary instrument. More and more authors and designers are using the comic book platform and its shorter, serialized structure, to tell stories about race, class, and gender. In tackling these more complex issues, creators are intentionally or unintentionally making environments where readers are engaging in methods of negotiated reading—discovering an affinity with aspects of the characters and stories, and actively creating a discourse with identity and positionality. Digital annotation and reading platforms offer a unique opportunity to teachers, designers, scholars, and readers to …

Legal Design Could And Should Be More Sociolegal, Amanda Perry-Kessaris

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Legal design could and should be more sociolegal. Sociolegal research can offer conceptual frameworks, empirical methods and data, and normative direction to legal design. At the same time, designerly methods can enhance the abilities of sociolegal researchers to make and communicate sense of things to, with and for themselves, academics in other disciplines, and the wider world. So, if legal designers were to engage more deeply and systematically with sociolegal research and researchers, benefits could flow to legal design, to cross-disciplinary research and to the wider world.

Experiencing Mundane Ai Futures, Matthew Pilling, Paul Coulton, Thomas Lodge, Andy Crabtree, Alan Chamberlain

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Whilst popular visions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are often presented through the lens of sentient machines, our lived experience of AI is more mundane and exemplified by so-called ‘smart’ products and services. Whilst this mundane reality is often presented using design approaches that make their operation appear simple and innocuous, these smart systems, and the data they use and collect, can challenge and even disrupt ordinary expectations. Our ability to manage smart technologies effectively is key to the field of Human Data Interaction (HDI), which seeks to shape systems design and empower users by implementing core principles of legibility, agency …

Remaking The Social: Dialogical, Creative, And Co-Operative Capacities Of Thought At Hull House, Matthew Delsesto

DRS Biennial Conference Series

While social research is often positioned as a way to reflect social realities or de-velop theories for specialized fields through analyzing empirical evidence, based on data that is extracted from communities, Jane Addams points to a different mode of inquiry. This chapter introduces the theories and practices of the Hull House as an iterative and experimental process of inquiry— creating new knowledge in and through action, in a process of facing down pressing social chal-lenges. In particular it uses examples from the Hull House— which involved the design of the working people’s social science club, exhibitions on the industrial condition, …

Setting The Stage: The Value Of Contextual Social Research When Designing With Local Sustainability Initiatives, Cyril Tjahja

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents an exploration of the (pre)conditions in which local energy transition initiatives operate in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands, and to what extent these conditions influence the co-design process. The findings show that participation in such schemes is not necessarily a given, as local initiatives and (design) practitioners can encounter several interrelated issues, which must be taken into account before even considering a co-design approach to the energy transition. Informed by insights from the social research studies conducted, the initial design-centred approach was altered to incorporate (co)design in a more flexible and iterative manner, inspiring new ways …

Introducing The Play Activity Wheel: Designing Social, Physical And Playful Learning Activities From Digital Game Universes, Vici Daphne Händel, Erik Ottar Jensen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article introduces and describes the play activity wheel, developed by the authors. It was created through looking back at 19 years of personal experiences of transform-ing television shows, board games and digital games into pedagogical activities, and has a focus on social, physical and playful learning. The idea of developing computer games, television series and board games into physical activities arose from observing children’s interests in transforming these universes into games and activities. The play activity wheel was developed in various settings with different participants, such as children aged 1–15, students in higher education, educators, researchers and other stakeholders. …

Dramatic Reflection: Enhancing Play Qualities In A Design Experiment For Inclusive Play Practices In School, Hanne Hede Jørgensen, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Anne Louise Bang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Abstract: Starting from a codesign project on inclusive, pedagogical play practices in schools, this paper presents a phenomenological design experiment called Dramatic Reflection. The Dramatic Reflection experiment was created in collaboration with pedagogical teams in two Danish schools for the purpose of exploring pedagogical actions regarding different children’s ability to participate in play. Inclusive pedagogical actions are understood in a holistic and child-centered manner, and children’s play participation is understood as an essential part of their ability to ex-perience relational interdependence within the context of a school. This paper shows how a design experiment for play reflections, Dramatic Reflection, might, …

Beyond Design Thinking And Into Speculative Futures In Legal Design, Karma Dabaghi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Legal Design movement has succeeded in proposing change to communities through collaboration between the legal and design professions. As a result, new kinds of empathetic solutions have been introduced where the citizen experience is prioritized over commercial goals. Still missing from Legal Design, however, is a stronger understanding of current theoretical literature in design that is questioning the ontology of the discipline and formulating new scenarios of transition toward the future. This paper encourages an embrace of these methodologies and cautions against their use without a solid understanding of the present and a real understanding of their potential effects. …

Caricrop: Can A Digital Payment System Support Fairer Agricultural Trade?, Kruakae Pothong, Larissa Pschetz, Arlene Bailey, Billy Dixon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

What difference can new technologies make for small-scale farmers facing a multitude of uncertainties that could affect not only the value of their crops but also when and whether they get paid? To understand how Distributed Ledger Technologies such as Blockchains, could be leveraged to address such uncertainties in agricultural trade, we engaged small-scale farmers in a problem delineation exercise and designed CariCrop, a payment system and currency that specifically addresses the issue of delayed payments. We investigated the potential impact of this system through immersive drama and deliberative workshops. We found that although digital payment systems can give farmers …

Experiencing Interactive Ecologies, Yeup Hur, Panos Markopoulos, Miguel Bruns

DRS Biennial Conference Series

IoT devices can be characterised by complex intertwined interactions between devices, users, and the environment. As these devices become more dynamic and widely connected, designing for such complex ecologies requires a holistic approach with a consideration of diverse perspectives on the interactions between all actants connected to and through these devices. To support designers in this challenge, we propose a design approach that can help them explore the nature of the interactions and connections within this complex interactive ecology. The design approach borrows its underlying design considerations from somaesthetics and post-anthropocentric design to support experiential design exploration. The implemented design …

Exploring Studio Proximities: Space, Time, Being, Derek Jones

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The studio remains central to design education but has been severely tested during the emergency transition in design education during the global Covid-19 pandemic. This period highlighted problems and opportunities experienced in translating studio to online and distance modes of education, many of which arose because of the dramatic shift in use of space and time. By investigating how educators conceptualised these basic terms in descriptions around learning, it is possible to make visible some of our foundational assumptions in studio education practice. These assumptions are important to take account of as educators transition to whatever new normal may emerge …

Where Do We Go From Here? Rethinking The Design Studio After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Saskia Van Kampen, Anne Galperin, Karin Jager, Lesley-Ann Noel, Johnathon Strube

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, five design educators apply an investigative framework to discuss the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the Design Studio and the future of design education at North American universities. The educators are dispersed geographically across Canada and the United States and teach in public higher education. They have a working and reflection group that has met weekly or bi-weekly for 18 months to discuss and write about their practice as design educators. This paper is a distillation of the group’s experiences, their reflections regarding the future of the design studio, and their intentions for practice …

Design Contributions In Generating Innovative Solutions For Human And Planetary Health, Patricia Raquel Bohn, Emanuele Konig, Leandro Miletto Tonetto, Claudia De Souza Libanio

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The study aims to identify the design contributions in generating innovative solutions for human and planetary health published in peer-reviewed journals in the past five years and relate them to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systematic literature review was performed by mapping the current research on design and human and planetary health. The analysis allowed us to identify that the solutions generated consider SDG 3 in all studies. Other SDGs were also identified, aimed at the planet's sustainability, but in a more incipient way. The role of design has been identified as crucial to meeting global demands, but design …

Investigating Materiality For A Renewed Focus On Data Design Practice, Youngsil Lee, Larissa Pschetz, Chris Speed

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper attempts to question reductionist processes of data science that help sustain digital economies and proposes a new perspective for a data design practice. It follows recent discussions about the materiality of data in design and proposes a new notion of data materiality that unfolds its ethical and ecological aspects from a philosophical point of view. This is presented as an opportunity to envision how data can be enacted as data practice within a system. We provide an example that illustrates different kinds of data and data practices, and how ethical and ecological challenges can emerge in a system. …

Are Stereotypes, Such As The ‘Headclutcher’, In Stock Images For Mental Illness Stigmatizing?, Laura Orton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Public perception and attitudes of mental illness are heavily influenced by mass media, so it is important the visual communication delivered into society is responsible and not unintentionally damaging. Stereotypes are used frequently in visual communication for speed of understanding. However, stereotypes are often based on unfounded assumptions, and these assumptions can cause stigma towards the stereotyped group. This study questions what stereotypes, if any, are present in stock images of mental illness and discusses what effect they may have on stigma. There have been previous calls for images such as the ‘headclutcher’ to not be used to represent mental …

Transilience: Assemblage And Relationality In A Complex Urban Setting, Radhika Roy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Social change is experienced profoundly by adult youth in India, especially in cities like Delhi with large rural migrant populations. This youth is a generation in transition, with aspirations and experiences that are different from their communities of origin. However, their perceptions of their world have rarely been documented qualitatively, in their own voice. My doctoral research, titled Transilience, which means ‘to leap across’, is a practice-based reflection on my work as a social designer within this milieu, and specifically focuses on how adult youth perceive themselves and their context, to explore ways to reframe the way social design practitioners …

After Practice: Messy Relations In The Ethnographic Study Of Design, Arlene Oak, Claire Nicholas

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Thinking While Doing (TWD) project was an ambitious “research-creation” project that involved the designing and building of several full scale, “real” structures by architecture students and professors in “design-build” education. The grant also included two ethnographers (as well as scholars from the humanities). Together the participants in TWD were engaged in intersecting and distinct modes of research, ranging from architecture practice to philosophical reflections. While there were intentions for the insights of the ethnographers to ex-tend and inform knowledge of practice, as the TWD structures were created, it became evident that undertaking ethnography coincident with designing and building was …

Research On The Doctoral Consortium Structure Of Design, Fan Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The consortium can be regarded as one of the most essential approaches in the process of academic communication, of which the forms have conferences, meetings, colloquium, etc. Among them, the doctoral consortium has generally been seen as an indispensable part of doctoral training, because it will not only provide communication platforms to stakeholders, but facilitate the transferability between knowledge and skills. Based on the conditions mentioned above, this study conducts a comparative study on 17 worldwide doctoral consortia in design from three perspectives: staff composition, support system, and interactive mode, by which the researcher aims to investigate the situation of …

Reframing Advanced Manufacturing Ontologies Through An Exploration Of Ductus, Lewis Urquhart, Andrew Wodehouse

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Ontologies of manufacturing and making have received closer attention in recent years thanks to a renewed interest in materiality and questions of form-emergence and form perception. This work argues that the hylomorphic ontologies dominant within advanced manufacturing can be challenged through the introduction of a “ductus” concept, which relates to the traces left by unique material interactions and energy transferences as artefacts are fabricated. Drawing on multiple strands of scholarship, this paper develops a new ontological model integrating material-process relationships and end user experiences with the ductus of the making process at its core. This model is illustrated and elucidated, …

Design Types In Diversified City Administration, Sampsa Hyysalo, Kaisa Savolainen, Antti Pirinen, Tuuli Mattelmäki, Päivi Hietanen, Meri Virta

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design is increasingly used to develop public services, and considerations have arisen regarding how to gain best value from it. Design ladders and design ma-turity models are commonly referenced also in the public sector, but we argue that their adequate use must rest on an informed view of the diversity of design activities in the public sector organizations. The world’s major cities are large and highly diversified organizations. Our case study of one of them, the city of Helsinki, reveals 23 distinct types of design activities, distinct in terms of the process, outcomes, and agency that design has. These activities …

Drs2022: Bilbao, Dan Lockton, Sara Lenzi, Paul Hekkert, Arlene Oak, Juan Sádaba, Peter Lloyd

DRS Conference Volumes

DRS2022 is the biggest and most ambitious DRS conference to date. The conference brings together over 800 participants and 315 paper presentations which you can find in this volume of conference paper abstracts. DRS2022 extends the field of design research further outwards, bringing new perspectives to disciplines such as anthropology, politics, economics, healthcare, and others. Core subject areas continue to develop, with new methods, approaches, technologies, and philosophies all evident in these proceedings. Also emerging is a focus on how to deal with our uncertain futures, for example through societal transitions, transdisciplinarity, transformations, and pluriversality. The themes that have emerged …

Co-Innovation Supports The Research And Development (R&D) In Small & Medium Enterprises (Smes), Samar Hamed Abdel Monsef, Osama Yousef Mohamed

Journal of Art, Design and Music

SMEs are subject to constraints in internal resources such as capital, human resources, and knowledge due to their small size. Also, access to external resources is limited due to market failures. Thus, SMEs have disadvantages in R&D and innovation when compared to larger firms. to overcome these gaps, SMEs should searching for innovative creative mechanisms to conduct R&D activities. Accordingly, this study describes the co-innovation approach, as one of the successful methods of value creation supported by a collaborative process that links the SMEs and external stakeholders in interactive experiences to achieve common goals, shows the importance of adopting Co-innovation …

An Analytical Study To Design And Produce "Non-Official" Pop-Up Double Pages For Children's Book At The Faculty Of Applied Arts, October 6 University In Egypt, Mohamed Zakaria Soltan

Journal of Art, Design and Music

One of the most crucial suggestions of this paper is to study is an appeal to the officials of the Ministry of Education in Egypt to use the techniques of the pop-up pages in textbooks at primary schools to improve the quality of the textbook and reach higher levels of comprehension among students. It is a study of an experiment taught by the researcher with his 3rd-grade students, At the Department of Advertising, Faculty of Applied Arts, October 6 University, Book Art 1 Course for the Academic Year 2021/2022, to design and produce non-official pop-up pages for various children's books. …

Raid Elite, Wenda Li

College of Computing and Digital Media Dissertations

This game inspiration are the real-time strategy game and raid in MMORPG. In this game, you need to get familiar with and operate five different characters. There are two bosses you can choose to fight. This game use Unity 2020.3.18f2c2 as game engine. All art is hand drawn. The design goal is making a game with certain depth which requires some effort to win. The design challenge for myself is design some interesting boss fights and accomplish a complete game which has good visual feedback.

The Machine Upstairs, Jacob Friedfeld

College of Computing and Digital Media Dissertations

Immersive simulation design, broadly speaking, is a game design philosophy centered around player expression, emergent gameplay, and dynamic narrative. Contrary to what the phrase may imply simply by reading it, immersion in and of itself is not necessarily enough for a game to be classified as an “immersive sim” (or IMSIM for short). Many different types of games can utilize immersion to great effect, but immersive simulations require a level of flexibility and rule/system-based approaches beyond the scope of games that occupy similar genres.

The Machine Upstairs represents an exploration of the immersive simulation philosophy and an investigation into its …

Dossier Cover, Tye Raymond

Anthós

This is the cover image for the 2022 Anthós Dossier about the novel Passing.