Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Indiana State University (78)
- University of Dar es Salaam (31)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (16)
- Rhode Island School of Design (5)
- Claremont Colleges (4)
-
- Kennesaw State University (4)
- Technological University Dublin (4)
- Syracuse University (3)
- University of Kentucky (3)
- Western Kentucky University (3)
- Clemson University (2)
- Fordham University (2)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (2)
- The University of San Francisco (2)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (2)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (2)
- University of New Mexico (2)
- University of San Diego (2)
- Washington University in St. Louis (2)
- American University in Cairo (1)
- Belmont University (1)
- Bucknell University (1)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (1)
- Chapman University (1)
- Colby College (1)
- Edith Cowan University (1)
- Macalester College (1)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology (1)
- St. John Fisher University (1)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (1)
- Keyword
-
- Architecture (17)
- Tanzania (8)
- Technology management (5)
- Urban (5)
- Education (4)
-
- History (4)
- James Joyce (4)
- Technology Management (4)
- Art (3)
- Brazil (3)
- Colonization (3)
- Culture (3)
- Design (3)
- Dublin (3)
- Graffiti (3)
- Historic preservation (3)
- Housing (3)
- Leadership (3)
- Lib_pub (3)
- Rome (3)
- Superintendents (3)
- Women (3)
- Adaptive Reuse (2)
- Barry Sheehan (2)
- Bats (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Community (2)
- Construction (2)
- Environment (2)
- Forum Romanum (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (78)
- Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies (31)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (8)
- Masters Theses (5)
- Theses and Dissertations (5)
-
- Academic Articles (4)
- Scripps Senior Theses (4)
- Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year (3)
- History Faculty Publications (3)
- Publications and Research (3)
- All Theses (2)
- Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses (2)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (2)
- Architectural Engineering (1)
- Architecture and Planning ETDs (1)
- Art & Music Histories - All Scholarship (1)
- Art Faculty Data Sets (1)
- Art and Art History Honors Projects (1)
- Asia Pacific Perspectives (1)
- Capstones (1)
- Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications (1)
- Dissertations (1)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Faculty Journal Articles (1)
- Faculty Publications (1)
- Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Theses & Dissertations (1)
- Graduate School of Art Theses (1)
- Graduate Student Publications and Research (1)
- Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public) (1)
- Honors Theses (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 91 - 120 of 188
Full-Text Articles in Urban, Community and Regional Planning
I Am Commanded To Love You: The Journey Of Three Women College Presidents, Carey Monroe
I Am Commanded To Love You: The Journey Of Three Women College Presidents, Carey Monroe
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This was a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of women who serve as college presidents. Three women, who serve as current college presidents, participated in this study. The first was a president at a two-year community college in the upper Midwest for twelve years and served as president in another Midwestern community college for nine years prior. The second woman was a first-time president who had served for three years at a Catholic four-year college established to provide nurses for a health system. The third was a first-time president who served at a Research I institution in the upper …
An Exploration Of Job Satisfaction Levels, Pathways Into Education, And Recruiting Behaviors Of Teachers In Indiana, Tricia Johnson
An Exploration Of Job Satisfaction Levels, Pathways Into Education, And Recruiting Behaviors Of Teachers In Indiana, Tricia Johnson
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Teacher retention and recruitment has been studied from many different perspectives, but there is limited research on the issue from the perspectives of current teachers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to gather data to fill a gap in the research concerning teacher recruiting behaviors by asking teachers if they were likely to encourage different categories of people (friend or relative, community member, current student, other students, recent high school graduate, and their own child) to enter the field of education as a profession. Analysis of the data from 2,083 current Indiana teachers found multiple statistically significant differences in …
Key Performance Indicators Of Part-Time Employees Teaching Online, Mark L. Alexander
Key Performance Indicators Of Part-Time Employees Teaching Online, Mark L. Alexander
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Online learning has caused a seismic shift in higher education since its rise beginning at the turn of the century. A portion of that impact has been on the ascent of the part-time employee teaching online. Adjunct instructors account for the overwhelming majority of the faculty providing education to these online learners. Because an instructor’s performance impacts students’ learning and their resulting end of course evaluation has such a bearing upon that person’s employment, it is imperative to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) of employees teaching online. The problem addressed by this study was to determine the factors that affected …
A Study Of The Factors Influencing Last Mile Residential Fixed Broadband Pricing In Kentucky, Michael Ramage
A Study Of The Factors Influencing Last Mile Residential Fixed Broadband Pricing In Kentucky, Michael Ramage
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ever since the first telegraph, a technology management challenge has existed to expand the availability of communication services farther into rural and unserved areas, while maintaining the affordability of those services to residential users. Over the years, that challenge has transformed from telegraph to broadband communications or high-speed Internet access. The challenge of affordable expansion of broadband services is seen all across the United States including the Commonwealth of Kentucky. This study examined the extent to which community and provider-related supply and demand factors among last mile residential fixed broadband service areas impact the non-promotional advertised price of last mile …
The Effectiveness Of Concurrent Design On The Cost And Schedule Performance Of Defense Weapons System Acquisitions, Randolph B. Robertson
The Effectiveness Of Concurrent Design On The Cost And Schedule Performance Of Defense Weapons System Acquisitions, Randolph B. Robertson
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the impact of concurrent design on the cost growth and schedule growth of US Department of Defense Major Defense Acquisition Systems (MDAPs). It is motivated by the question of whether employment of concurrent design in the development of a major weapon system will produce better results in terms of cost and schedule than traditional serial development methods. Selected Acquisition Reports were used to determine the cost and schedule growth of MDAPs as well as the degree of concurrency employed. Two simple linear regression analyses were used to determine the degree to which cost growth and schedule growth …
Relationship Between Athletic Identity And Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Among Korean Collegiate Student Athletes, Jong Joo Moon
Relationship Between Athletic Identity And Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Among Korean Collegiate Student Athletes, Jong Joo Moon
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study explored barriers that Korean collegiate student athletes confront with regard to pursuing careers outside of professional athletics. More specifically, the purpose of the study was to identify the barriers to Korean student athletes’ career development, as well as to examine the relationships among the psychological constructs of athlete identity and career decision making self-efficacy. A total of 321 Korean student athletes participated in the study, including 263 men (81.9%) and 59 women (18.1%). Participants completed demographic information along with a parental influence questionnaire, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form, and two open-ended …
Never Forgets: Traumatic Trace Within Public Space, Jan Descartes
Never Forgets: Traumatic Trace Within Public Space, Jan Descartes
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This paper will interrogate the ways in which ephemera from events affects the human and non- human environment and how the absence, manipulation or presence of traumatic trace weaves itself into the atmosphere of the past, present and future. It will look at space and the ways that trace manifests itself in hierarchal spaces and Lebbeus Woods’ concept of heterarchial spaces, which are organic and/or horizontally organized. A thread throughout is the question that if trace from trauma can exist in the visual field, i.e. the physical or digital landscape, in a way that maintains a discourse without perpetuating oppression. …
Family Literacy Bags: A Rural-Appalachian Approach For Parental Involvement And Education, Ashley Good Overton
Family Literacy Bags: A Rural-Appalachian Approach For Parental Involvement And Education, Ashley Good Overton
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this concurrent, mixed-methods study was to investigate the implementation of the non-presumptuous literacy bag program as a critical component of increasing parental involvement in rural Appalachia schools related to student literacy achievement. The program was designed to increase parental involvement in book readings and related activities. The intent of the program was to encourage parents to become actively involved in their children’s literacy and to assist children to develop stronger literacy skills. In an effort to better understand parental involvement in a rural Appalachian community, I conducted a pre-program, parental involvement questionnaire in order to gain a …
I. M. Pei, William Zeckendorf, And The Architecture Of Urban Renewal, Marci M. Clark
I. M. Pei, William Zeckendorf, And The Architecture Of Urban Renewal, Marci M. Clark
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This dissertation reevaluates the practice of design and real estate in the United States through an insufficiently understood case study of the architect-developer team of I. M. Pei and William Zeckendorf and their twelve-year partnership in urban renewal. William Zeckendorf (1905-1976) was the most ambitious real estate developer in the United States in the 1950s, with an outsize personality and larger-than-life plans. Unlike most developers of the era, Zeckendorf believed that quality design and visionary planning were critical to remaking city cores through urban renewal. To accomplish this, he hired I. M. Pei (b. 1917), a talented, young designer out …
The "Postmodern Geographies" Of Frank Gehry's Los Angeles, Katherine Shearer
The "Postmodern Geographies" Of Frank Gehry's Los Angeles, Katherine Shearer
Scripps Senior Theses
This thesis examines the ways in which Frank Gehry’s architectural contributions to Los Angeles’ social and built environment have shaped the region’s “postmodern geographies” throughout the 20th and 21st century. Through a focused exploration of three of Gehry’s postmodernist structures in Greater Los Angeles—a house, a library, and a concert hall—this thesis analyses how Gehry and his designs reflected and affected the artistic and socio-spatial development of Los Angeles’ “decidedly postmodern landscape.”
Building In Public: Critical Reconstruction And The Rebuilding Of Berlin After 1990, Naraelle Hohensee
Building In Public: Critical Reconstruction And The Rebuilding Of Berlin After 1990, Naraelle Hohensee
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Reconstructing Berlin’s ruined contours after 1990 was one of the most important ways that reunified Germany made a public display of its relationship to the violence wrought by both the Nazis and East Germany during the twentieth century. By integrating historical forms into new buildings in the city’s commercial center, Berlin’s urban planners hoped to show the world that the nation had transcended totalitarianism and was worthy of a prominent place in the new global order. In order to achieve this vision, they adopted an approach called “Critical Reconstruction,” which required architects to follow rigid design standards based on traditional …
Provisional Capital: National And Urban Identity In The Architecture And Planning Of Bonn, 1949-1979, Samuel L. Sadow
Provisional Capital: National And Urban Identity In The Architecture And Planning Of Bonn, 1949-1979, Samuel L. Sadow
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This dissertation explores the physical transformation of Bonn in the postwar period, with a particular focus on the 1960s and 1970s, as the city accommodated the West German federal government. Bonn’s long campaign in the 1960s to redraw its municipal borders and the federal government’s construction of several high-rises in the city and its neighbor, Bad Godesberg, were the most concrete markers of Bonn’s evolution as a capital city in this period. The complex political processes and sometimes bitter conflicts behind each of these developments paralleled the gradual and successful entrenchment of democracy in the Federal Republic of Germany. At …
James Joyce Run: Good Puzzle Would Be Cross Dublin Without Passing A Pub, Barry Sheehan
James Joyce Run: Good Puzzle Would Be Cross Dublin Without Passing A Pub, Barry Sheehan
Academic Articles
I write a blog www.jj21k.com which looks at the works of James Joyce, the environment which he wrote about and changes that have taken place since he wrote about them. The blogposts are predominantly about Dublin. As part of discovering Dublin by reading and Running I have written several longer pieces.
In Ulysses Leopold Bloom thinks Good puzzle would be cross Dublin without passing a pub. This piece creates a running narrative that does just that, linking Cabra where the Joyce family lived on the north side of Dublin, with Shelbourne Road on the south side and where James Joyce …
Usc South Campus: A Last Look At Modernism, Lydia M. Brandt, Paul Haynes, Andrew Nester, Robert Wertz, Ana Gibson, Margaret Mcelveen, John Benton, Adam Bradway, Hatara Tyson, Caley Pennington, Carly Simendinger
Usc South Campus: A Last Look At Modernism, Lydia M. Brandt, Paul Haynes, Andrew Nester, Robert Wertz, Ana Gibson, Margaret Mcelveen, John Benton, Adam Bradway, Hatara Tyson, Caley Pennington, Carly Simendinger
Faculty Publications
This is a class project from ARTH 542: American Architecture taught at the University of South Carolina by Lydia Mattice Brandt in Spring 2016.
With more Americans attending college than ever before; urban renewal; racial integration; the expansion of coeducation; and the architecture community’s advocacy for holistic relationship between planning, architecture, and landscape architecture, the American college campus developed rapidly and dramatically in the mid twentieth century. Using the University of South Carolina’s Columbia Campus as a case study, this project explores the history of American architecture in the mid-twentieth century.
Gabe's Reimagined: A Multi-Use Renovation Of An Abandoned Hotel, Alissa Ramburger
Gabe's Reimagined: A Multi-Use Renovation Of An Abandoned Hotel, Alissa Ramburger
Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection
The building, named Gabe’s Tower after owner and public figure Gabe Fiorella, was once an icon of Owensboro. Unfortunately, due to population growth southward and the opening of a rival hotel downtown (The Executive Inn), Gabe’s Tower was unable to remain open. It has since undergone many different ownerships, each of which have struggled to remain profitable. The building has remained vacant for years and therefore has been subjected to becoming a location for crime. This has produced a very negative image for the building and the surrounding area. This negative image drives the purpose of this project. Through the …
Impermeable Assemblages: Flooding, Urban Infrastructure, And Stormwater Politics In São Paulo, Brazil, Nate Millington
Impermeable Assemblages: Flooding, Urban Infrastructure, And Stormwater Politics In São Paulo, Brazil, Nate Millington
Theses and Dissertations--Geography
This project analyzes efforts to remake the relationship between water and city in São Paulo, Brazil. Currently experiencing overlapping problems of flooding, scarcity, and pollution, São Paulo illustrates the challenges of managing water in a contemporary mega-city. This dissertation subsequently considers the city’s water management through an approach that borrows from urban political ecology, social studies of science, and post-colonial urban theory. With an epistemological grounding in these literatures, this project analyzes ongoing conversations about water management in São Paulo, and focuses on how water is encountered and engaged with in the landscape by engineers, artists, and activists. This project …
Performing Conquest And Resistance In The Streets Of Eighteenth Century Potosí: Identity And Artifice In The Cityscapes Of Gaspar Miguel De Berrío And Melchor Pérez De Holguín, Agnieszka A. Ficek
Performing Conquest And Resistance In The Streets Of Eighteenth Century Potosí: Identity And Artifice In The Cityscapes Of Gaspar Miguel De Berrío And Melchor Pérez De Holguín, Agnieszka A. Ficek
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the ways in which Potosí's two most influential colonial artists represented the urban dynamics of race, class and labor in their depictions of the Andean 'City of Silver' during the eighteenth century, when silver production, profits and population were dramatically declining.
Discover Joyce's Dublin By Reading And Running, Barry Sheehan
Discover Joyce's Dublin By Reading And Running, Barry Sheehan
Academic Articles
James Joyce told his friend Frank Budgen. “‘I want’ said Joyce, as we were walking down the Universitätstrasse, ‘to give a picture of Dublin so complete that if the city one day suddenly disappeared from the earth it could be reconstructed out of my book.’” (Budgen, 1960, p.67, 68).
This research looks at the relevance of Dublin to Joyce’s writings and to the relevance of Joyce’s writings to Dublin. It is concerned with the virtual Dublin of Joyce’s writings, the physical manifestation of Dublin over time, and the relationships between them.
Numerous scholars read and analyse the writings of Joyce …
Measuring School Accountability: Perceptions From Teachers, Principals, And Superintendents, Keith Thomas Bush
Measuring School Accountability: Perceptions From Teachers, Principals, And Superintendents, Keith Thomas Bush
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify the multiple factors that are utilized by accountability models and to identify the perceptions of Indiana educators in regard to what these professional educators believe should be utilized to assess school accountability. No Child Left Behind and the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) accountability model frameworks have had an impact on all public schools in the United States. Under AYP, high stakes testing results are utilized to provide acknowledgement to schools that meet pre-established thresholds, as well as to provide consequences for schools that fail to meet these requirements. This study is significant …
Situating Urban Moving Images: Illuminating Place, Annie Dell'aria
Situating Urban Moving Images: Illuminating Place, Annie Dell'aria
Graduate Student Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Teacher Involvement In Implementing State Personal Finance Mandates, Deanna Franklin
Teacher Involvement In Implementing State Personal Finance Mandates, Deanna Franklin
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined strategies teachers are implementing for personal finance instruction in answer to the state financial-literacy mandates in Central Texas. One-on-one interviews, focus groups, and document analysis found that teachers are relying on personal experience, community resources, and Internet resources to instruct in personal finance in absence of personal finance curricula. No data emerged that school districts were providing resources; however, administrators are willing to provide resources if they were available. Teachers are using a variety of creative methods to enhance personal financial literacy in the classroom. Sporadic in-service/professional-development opportunities were available to train teachers in personal financial-literacy instruction; …
Fatherless Homes And Implications On Student Achievement, Timothy James Garland
Fatherless Homes And Implications On Student Achievement, Timothy James Garland
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between fatherly involvement in students’ lives and select factors of student descriptors and school success. Specifically, the study sought to discover if there is a significant relationship between fatherlessness and student success and if there is a significant relationship between fatherlessness and select student descriptors. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to interpret and analyze the data for the study. There were 1,780 respondents who participated in the study. Respondents included seniors from rural, suburban, and urban public schools. In conducting this study, the …
How High Achieving Elementary Schools Improve Struggling Readers, Kimberly C. Hartlage
How High Achieving Elementary Schools Improve Struggling Readers, Kimberly C. Hartlage
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore educational elements that explain how high-achieving elementary schools improve struggling readers. The perceptions of the principals and teachers in three high achieving elementary schools were investigated in three areas of interest: (a) student achievement as it relates to literacy instruction, (b) early intervention leading to success, and (c) the role of school leaders who build a culture for success through change. All three schools that participated in the study were located in the state of Indiana. The topics of the related literature reviewed included a connection of reading instruction to student …
"Future City In The Heroic Past: Rome, Romans, And Roman Landscapes In Aeneid 6–8", Eric Kondratieff
"Future City In The Heroic Past: Rome, Romans, And Roman Landscapes In Aeneid 6–8", Eric Kondratieff
History Faculty Publications
From the Intro: “Arms and the Man I sing…” So Vergil begins his epic tale of Aeneas, who overcomes tremendous obstacles to find and establish a new home for his wandering band of Trojan refugees. Were it metrically possible, Vergil could have begun with “Cities and the Man I sing,” for Aeneas’ quest for a new home involves encounters with cities of all types: ancient and new, great and small, real and unreal. These include Dido’s Carthaginian boomtown (1.419–494), Helenus’ humble neo-Troy (3.349–353) and Latinus’ lofty citadel (7.149–192). Of course, central to his quest is the destiny of Rome, whose …
Analysis Of Ipv6 Readiness Of End-User Enterprises In The North Carolina Eastern Region, John Pickard
Analysis Of Ipv6 Readiness Of End-User Enterprises In The North Carolina Eastern Region, John Pickard
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
On February 3rd, 2011, the Internet Addressing and Numbers Authority (IANA) allocated the last five /8 blocks of IPv4 addresses to each of the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Since that event, four of the five RIRs have depleted their IPv4 allocations and began operating under final IPv4 address depletion policies. The exhaustion of the IPv4 address pools maintained by the registries means that IPv4 is now a legacy protocol and that all future Internet growth will be over IPv6. This exhaustion also means that organizations must take action to accommodate IPv6 adoption or risk compromising business agility and continuity …
Engineer Manual 385 Effectiveness: A Study Of Predictive Analytics, Scott Arias
Engineer Manual 385 Effectiveness: A Study Of Predictive Analytics, Scott Arias
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Under the guidance of the United States Army Corps of Engineering Manual 385 (EM 385), the federal government has taken a stringent stance on construction safety. Using the mandated Occupational Safety and Health regulations and the 29 Code of Federal Regulation as a safety foundation, the EM 385 requires project-specific planning, continuous oversight and direct control of all safety activities. These mandates, required of every Department of Defense entity, focus on safety management not found within other federal agencies, in an attempt to reduce the number and severity of mishaps. This study looks for causation between the use of the …
Use Of Social Media By Indiana Principals And Superintendents, Robert Stephen Griffin Jr.
Use Of Social Media By Indiana Principals And Superintendents, Robert Stephen Griffin Jr.
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the use of social media by Indiana K-12 principals and superintendents. The use of social media has become prevalent both as a social and professional tool. The social media movement has evolved quickly over the past five years; however, schools and school districts have been slow to effectively utilize this tool out of fear, apprehension, and ignorance. The opportunity to explore social media as a professional tool by educational leaders was opportune and timely as this tool becomes a multi-purpose tool in today’s society. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, and one-way …
Impact Of The 3-D Model Strategy On Science Learning Of The Solar System, Mohammed Alharbi
Impact Of The 3-D Model Strategy On Science Learning Of The Solar System, Mohammed Alharbi
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this mixed method study, quantitative and descriptive, was to determine whether the first-middle grade (seventh grade) students at Saudi schools are able to learn and use the Autodesk Maya software to interact and create their own 3-D models and animations and whether their use of the software influences their study habits and their understanding of the school subject matter. The study revealed that there is value to the science students regarding the use of 3-D software to create 3-D models to complete science assignments. Also, this study aimed to address the middle-school students’ ability to learn 3-D …
Investigating Transformational Leadership And Return On Equity Outcomes In Small And Medium-Sized Community Banks, Jason C. Dean
Investigating Transformational Leadership And Return On Equity Outcomes In Small And Medium-Sized Community Banks, Jason C. Dean
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this investigation is small financial institutions based in the United States and insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Without a viable market for community banks individual and small business investors and borrowers, particularly in rural areas, will have less financing options and may be forced to accept the terms dictated by larger financial institutions (Walser & Anderlik, 2004). Additionally, within the literature there is minimal empirical evidence informing community banks of appropriate initiatives that may be implemented to unleash human expertise through training and development interventions related to successful leadership styles. As competition in the …
“Aho! All My Relations:” Native Identity And Its Relationship To Psychological Well-Being, Jamie Ramsey
“Aho! All My Relations:” Native Identity And Its Relationship To Psychological Well-Being, Jamie Ramsey
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This is the first known study to examine the relationship between Native identity and psychological well-being, which is defined by Ryff in positive psychology as existential strengths. It is also the first known study to investigate the relationship between Native identity and blood quantum through quantitative measures. Overall, 199 Natives from two American Indian Centers, three Indiana powwows, and online from Facebook participated by completing the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, Phinney’s Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, and demographic information. The main hypothesis was to explore whether any of the psychological well-being subscales (positive relations, autonomy, mastery of environment, self-acceptance, personal …