Digital Commons Network^™

Ai In Education: Teaching, Learning, And Thinking With Machines, Mary Strawderman, Jesse Senechal, Eric Ekholm, Jason Vest, Moe Greene, Dawn Johnson, Daniel Case, Oscar Keyes, Yaoying Xu, Robert Godwin-Jones, Kait Donahue, Kim Elmore, Haley Hendershot, Amy Corning, Paulina Guerrero, Samaher Aljudaibi, Justin Thurston

AI in Education: Teaching, Learning, and Thinking with Machines

This collection from the Humanities Research Center (HRC) Digital Technology in Education (DTE) working group arose from questions around how rapidly emerging generative AI tools are reshaping teaching and learning in K-12 and higher education. The contributions, loosely organized around ethics, policy, and practice, adopt a humanities lens to probe how generative AI and other emerging digital technologies impact human values, experiences, and social structures, surfacing their philosophical, ethical, cultural, and societal implications for schooling. From the perspectives of practitioners and interdisciplinary scholars, the pieces showcase various dimensions of AI's creative potential in education, while also questioning its limitations and …

Department Of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University: Historical And Personal Reflections, Richard A. Glennon

VCU University History Books

This book presents a historical account of Virginia Commonwealth University's Department of Medicinal Chemistry, compiled and recollected in 2025 by Professor Emeritus Richard A. Glennon. Included are personal reflections alongside a historical overview of the department's origins and faculty, as well as newly developed programs and initiatives.

Rubber Wars: Rubber At The End Of Empire In Colonial Malaya, C. 1945–57, Fiona Williamson

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This article argues the Malayan rubber industry’s fortunes both reflected and coloured the relationship between Britain and the USA during the early Cold War era. British Malaya had developed a world leading rubber industry within a few short decades. The importance of rubber to burgeoning manufacturing and transport industries however – especially in the United States – meant that the commodity became caught up in the geopolitics of a changing world order. During the 1920s and 1930s, Britain had dictated international market rules due to their largely unrivalled position but the Second World War had changed the global balance of …

Repositioning Traditional Authority To Fight Illegal Gold Mining In Dunkwa-Offin In The Upper Denkyira East Municipal District Of The Central Region Of Ghana, Manaseh Mawufemor Mintah

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Ghana is endowed with valuable mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, and manganese. However, the country has struggled to manage these resources in a way that benefits the broader population. Illegal mining, commonly referred to as galamsey, has become a persistent national concern. This practice involves the unauthorized extraction of mineral ore by individuals and groups operating without formal government authorization. The town of Dunkwa-Offin exemplifies the severe social and ecological consequences of galamsey, where livelihoods, public health, and environmental sustainability are increasingly compromised. This study examines the potential role of traditional authorities in Dunkwa-Offin in combating illegal small-scale mining, also …

Indigenous Communities Suffer Multigenerational Trauma (“Susto”) From The Trafficking And Slavery Of Native Women And Children, Bill Piatt, Karagan Carson, Meghan Monahan, Makayla Perez

Faculty Articles

Trafficking and slavery have probably existed as long as humanity has existed. Despite efforts on many fronts, it will likely not be eradicated in our lifetimes. Bondage and abuse impose unthinkable suffering upon the immediate victims caught in the clutches of trafficking. Yet Native people and communities suffer unique, multi-generational, and almost permanent trauma, often referred to as susto. Our domestic law and policies have even resulted in the extinguishing of the formal legal Indian identity of Native victims and the destruction of their tribal connections. There is hope that the application of traditional prayer and ceremonies can provide some …

Nanaboozhoo And Derrick Bell Go For A Walk, Matthew L.M. Fletcher

Articles

When the Anishinaabeg were new to Anishinaabewaki, they knew little about how to fend for themselves. The animals and plants took pity on them and taught the Anishinaabeg. One winter, as the food stores of the Anishinaabeg were running out, an ininaatig (maple tree) saw an Anishinaabe innini (man) weakly scavenge for food. The ininaatig decided to offer part of itself to the Anishinaabeg. The ininaatig told the innini to cut off a branch. Ininaatigwabo, delicious, thick maple syrup, oozed from the stump. There was enough to feed the innini for many days. And there were many, many ininaatigoog …

Penggunaan Unconventional Weapons Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Modern, Fadhillah Wahid Pramudya Aldiansyach

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The use of unconventional weapons such as cluster munitions, white phosphorus, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence-based autonomous systems (AI/LAWS), and military neurotechnology is increasingly dominating modern armed conflicts. The characteristics of these weapons, particularly their widespread effects, uncertainty of control, and potential for automatic escalation, can pose serious challenges to the application of the principles of distinction and proportionality in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), especially when used in densely populated areas. The modernization of nuclear systems, the accelerated integration of AI into military command, and the emergence of neurotechnology indicate a regulatory gap that could potentially undermine humanitarian protection. This study …

Efficient Oxidation Of Methylene Blue Via Catalytic Activation Of Peroxymonosulfate Via An Engineered Δ-Feooh/Pili Nutshell Biochar Composite, Lorenz Borromeo

Applied Environmental Research

This study introduces a novel composite catalyst formed by anchoring delta iron oxyhydroxide (δ-FeOOH) onto pyrolyzed Pili nutshell biochar via a room-temperature coprecipitation technique, marking the first application of Pili nutshell waste in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. This innovative methodology enhances catalyst dispersion and stability, facilitating the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate reactive sulfate radicals (SO4•–) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), a thiazine dye commonly used in the medical field and the dye industry. Different techniques have been used to characterize synthesized composites in terms of their morphology, elemental composition, surface functional groups, and crystalline …

Leading The Church Out Of White Supremacy And Toward Biblical Justice And Reconciliation: A Leadership Approach Using The Arc Model, Keenan Tyler

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

Seventh-day Adventist church members need to be equipped to respond faithfully to injustice in their communities, beginning with an understanding as to how to respond to systemic racism rooted in White Supremacy.

Method

This Doctor of Ministry project implemented an adapted form of Jamar Tisby’s ARC model—Awareness, Relationships, Commitment—contextualized for a Seventh-day Adventist theological and ecclesial setting. The immediate goal was to move beyond raising awareness of racial injustice to equipping congregations to actively resist systemic racism and dismantle the lingering influence of white supremacy in church life and mission. Over six interactive sessions, 18 participants engaged in historical, …

Effects Of Actualized Language Policy On Ukrainian Stability, 1989-2022, Dawn Hersey

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

This dissertation seeks to generate a new perspective of the complicated relationship between actualized policy and stability through looking at Ukraine’s language policies and stability in a mixed manner approach that includes both primary and secondary sources. Russia justified its irridentist activities through claiming to protect Russian nationals within Ukraine’s borders: language policies within Ukraine appear to be a trigger for Russian antagonism. Neither Russian irridentism nor Ukrainian nationalism are being considered as right or wrong in this dissertation: the intent is to highlight trends, patterns, and perceptions in alignment with Ukrainian language policy. This dissertation does not present a …

Worldbuilding A Queer Before: D&D As A Neomedievalism For A Modern Age, Brianna M. Thompson

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) has had countless participants and audience members in the course of its over fifty-year existence. It has also been the subject of several studies that attempt to capture its unique form of performative play. Yet, there has been a scarcity of scholarship on how D&D acts as a neomedievalism and how that can offer a queer kind of opportunity to its players, allowing them to find a place in a past that is historically inaccessible and yet endlessly in the process of being (re)imagined. Using an interweaving of archival theory with queer and performance studies, particularly …

Remembering July 36th: A Semiotic Analysis Of The Student-People's Revolutionary Graffiti, Jordan D. Smith

Iowa Journal of Communication

The use of graffiti as a tool for political solidarity has been universally documented in the academic lexicon. Using symbols of resilience, justice, disenfranchisement, and hope, graffiti is a unique phenomenon for visual rhetorical studies. The variety of artifacts spanning millennia document socio-political shifts, economic disparity, and messages of rebirth for systems in crisis. This study conducts a semiotic analysis of protest graffiti created during Bangladesh’s Student-People Uprising of July 2024 to explore how visual and linguistic signs construct messages of hope and solidarity. Using Ferdinand de Saussure’s (2021) semiotic framework, this research examines the symbolic and rhetorical elements present …

I Hate Self-Care: A Criminal Defense Lawyer’S Lament, Abbe Smith

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Don’t get me wrong—I think people should take care of themselves. They should eat well, exercise regularly, and get a good night’s sleep. They should spend time with friends and family. They should have hobbies and interests. With any luck, they should find true love. But in the past decade or two, and especially since the COVID pandemic, there has been a disturbing turn inward. I’m talking about the “self-care” craze, which has become its own pandemic, or at least epidemic.

…

In this Essay, I share my concerns about what I regard to be an excessive focus on self-care …

War Crime Or Ecocide? Ukraine’S Prosecution Of Environmental Crimes Committed By Russian Forces, Michael J. Kelly

Emory International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Boden Lecture: Taxation Of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Lucas Brasil Salama, Herbert Snitz, W. Robert Thomas

Articles

This Article proposes that tax can be a useful supplement to other measures to regulate Autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AAI) and limit its potential harmful effects. This proposal differs from command-and-control regulation of AAI along the lines of European Union legislation that may unduly limit the development of AAI. It also differs from existing proposals to tax AAI to generate revenue to help workers displaced by AAI programs, or to tax the data used by AAI The proposal is based on granting AAI programs like ChatGPT separate legal personhood, like corporate personhood, while incentivizing or requiring their corporate owner to place …

The Law Of Energy Abundance, Alexandra B. Klass, Matthew Appel

Articles

For the first time in decades, electricity demand in the United States is increasing due to the growth of data centers to power artificial intelligence, new manufacturing hubs, and transportation electrification. At the same time, coalfired power plants have been closing in response to competition from lower cost natural gas and renewable energy. Clean energy is being rapidly deployed to replace fossil fuels but not quickly enough to address concerns about demand growth and grid reliability. Accordingly, there is a growing imbalance between electricity supply and demand in many regions of the country that threatens to increase electricity prices and …

Psychophysiological Tools & Techniques To Predict Perceptual Motor Task Outcomes, Bobby Gerald Rawls Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The process of perceiving environmental information, analyzing it, formulating a plan of action, and carrying out said plan is vital to our day to day lives. This loop occurs for every motor task we perform, from actions as simple as elbow flexion to as complex as performing surgery. As such, it is imperative to understand what physiological, psychological, and neurocognitive factors most dictate success or failure in the motor performance loop.

Prior research has shown that measures from each of these facets have strong relationships with motor performance outcomes, though these findings tended to rely on artificially produced stress in …

Rifles And Riflemen: Material Culture, Violence, And Early American Identity, 1720 -- 1820, John Bradstreet Weaver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The rifle was one of many material objects which colonists of British North America brought with them from Europe. Starting in the early eighteenth century, German-speaking settlers in Pennsylvania began to manufacture rifles from locally made and imported parts. These rifles became associated with other material objects – namely a system of dress, which included wearing a whitetail deer’s tail in the hat, the hunting shirt, and forms of Native American dress – which became emblematic of some British colonists who used rifles in hunting and war. Rifles became militarily important in the Seven Years’ War, where Native American warriors, …

The People Of The North: Influencer Histories And Miniaturization In Eleventh-Century Italy, Evan Anthony Simonetti

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Norman invasion of Italy in the eleventh century was a process that required political support and legitimacy for its leaders, the Hauteville dynasty. The members of this dynasty either commissioned or financed three individuals as they wrote three respective histories of the Norman conquest in order to accomplish this legitimation. In these sources, each author took inspiration from the classic works of history and poetry of the Greek and Roman world and applied symbolism and direction from their understanding of medieval Christian theology. In addition, these works catalogued examples of events, people, places, animals, and behavior as exotic objects …

“Situation Is Out Of Control:” Drug Use, Violence, Resistance, And Politics During The Vietnam War, Andrew Domenic Ray

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Vietnam War was notable because it was a very violent and very public war. Throughout the course of the conflict, the United States imposed anti-guerilla warfare on a grand scale. American soldiers were often given orders to destroy the enemy at all costs; but in a war with no discernable front lines, the difference between combatant and non-combatant was, at best, blurry. The way the war was being fought, coupled with its unpopularity and emerging counterculture at home, made the Vietnam War a hub for illicit drug use among American soldiers. American soldiers use drugs for a number of …

Power, Economy, And Food Systems In The Confederacy: A Material History Of The Confederate Subsistence Department, John Martin Mcmillan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation questions how human and non-human actors share power. By exploring Confederate logistics within the Subsistence Department, the collaboration between bureaucrats and the material world is revealed. Contributing to scholarship aimed at expanding the field of Civil War studies, this dissertation not only provides a more complex and interesting view of the conflict, but also an understanding that human beings are not solely responsible for the war’s results. By applying a materialist approach, the causes and outcomes of an event as complicated as a civil war can be better explained and understood. The choice to stockpile food for distribution …

Front Matter, Vol. 57 (2025)

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Foreword: The Geneva Conventions At 75: Need For Innovation, Michael P. Scharf, Annalie Buscarino

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

White Paper On The Need To Strengthen International Humanitarian Law To Address The Challenges Of 21st Century Warfare, Cleveland Experts Meeting

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

"On the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, thirty leading experts in the field of IHL from around the world gathered at Case Western Reserve University School of Law in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 26, 2024, to discuss whether there is a need to strengthen IHL to address the challenges of 21st century warfare, and how that could best be accomplished. The experts participated in three follow-up meetings over Zoom on October 31, November 7, and November 14, 2024. The participating experts are listed at the end of this document. The experts participated in their personal capacity; the views expressed …

Cyber Operations And The Crime Of Aggression, Jennifer Trahan

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

The Article examines how the crime of aggression could be committed through cyber operations, analyzing the definition of the crime contained in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Article also examines the restrictive jurisdictional regime that the ICC has over the crime of aggression, which States Parties must fix so that the ICC can have meaningful jurisdiction over the crime. The Article briefly also considers the topic of gravity and cyber-operations. (Abstract from author.)

Human Rights In Technology -- A Need For A New Norm, Els De Busser

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

The field of cyber security has relied on norms quite heavily to govern the behavior of states and non-state actors in cyberspace. However, existing norms do not offer guidance on integrating attention to human rights into the design and development of digital consumer products. This Paper introduces a way to foresee the human rights impact of new technology combined with a form of governance that regulates problems we do not know exist yet. (Abstract from author.)

The Geneva Conventions At 75: An Argument That New Legal Authority Is Needed To Fill Critical Gaps, Sandra Hodgkinson

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

For seventy-five years, the Geneva Conventions have served as the gold standard of treatment for military forces that take part in hostilities. However, modern developments on the battlefield, including the rise of non-state actors in today’s conflicts, have exposed gaps in the Geneva Conventions that require new legal authority. States should pursue avenues to fill these gaps with binding new legal authority, as well as continue the development of customary international law, and soft-law projects. (Abstract from author.)

A Taste Of Armageddon: Legal Considerations For Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, Paul R. Williams, Ryan Jane Westlake

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) represent a profound shift in the nature of warfare, where machines, not humans, make life-or-death decisions on the battlefield. While these weapons offer strategic advantages, such as reducing human casualties and increasing operational efficiency, they also introduce significant legal, ethical, and accountability challenges. This Article explores the complexities surrounding the proliferation and use of LAWS, arguing that a total ban is unlikely due to the widespread accessibility and benefits these technologies offer to those who deploy them. Rather, this Article proposes the application of strict liability—traditionally a tort law concept—to the developers of LAWS as …

Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Need To Update International Humanitarian Law?, Milena Sterio

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

This Article discusses whether the relevant rules of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and in particular, the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols should be updated in order to develop a clearer framework regarding the permissibility and legality of the use of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) in armed conflict. This Article first discusses the existing Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols’ rules applicable to the use of all weapons, including AWS. Next, this Article discusses possible ways of reshaping and reconceptualizing IHL in order to adapt its current rules or to develop new rules that would better regulate the use …

"Old" Law For A "New" Frontier: The Sufficiency Of International Humanitarian Law In Outer Space, Christian Jorgensen

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

As military capabilities and activities continue to expand into outer space, questions arise as to whether new legal frameworks are necessary to govern armed conflict beyond Earth. This Article argues that existing international humanitarian law (IHL) principles, including distinction, proportionality, necessity, and humanity, remain sufficient to regulate military operations in space. Rather than drafting new black-letter rules, states should focus on interpreting and applying current law in light of the unique characteristics of space warfare, including the enduring dangers of space debris and the widespread civilian reliance on satellite infrastructure. This Article examines the applicability of IHL in outer space, …