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Malayan Union Dan Persekutuan 1948, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus

Research Publications (2016 to 2020)

Perlembagaan Malayan Union yang diperkenalkan pada 1 April 1946 dan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang berkuatkuasa pada 1 Februari 1948, meskipun telah melahirkan sebuah negara bangsa baru, namun dari segi perundangan dan struktur pemerintahannya memperlihatkan pertentangan yang ketara. Perlembagaan Malayan Union, memindahkan segala kekuasaan Raja-raja Melayu kepada Raja Britain sekaligus telah melenyapkan kedaulatan para baginda. Manakala dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan 1948, kedaulatan Raja-raja Melayu telah dikembalikan. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan 1948, para baginda perlu menyerahkan sebahagian daripada kekuasaan baginda bagi membolehkan kerajaan pusat yang dibentuk dapat berfungsi dalam sistem pemerintahan persekutuan. Perlembagaan Malayan Union juga dilihat memperuntukkan pelaksanaan pemerintahan bersifat …

Peasants And The Great Leap Forward, Marissa Warren

Undergraduate Research Journal

Countries following Marxist ideology have typically showed a disinterest of the peasantry and sometimes even outright hostility. When it came to revolutions within these Marxist countries, the peasantry was typically forced following their government’s demands. These countries used their peasantry, always on the government’s own terms. That is, they never asked the peasantry what could be done for them, but rather simply demanded the peasantry follow them. China, prior to the “Great Leap Forward,” suffered through a civil war, putting a new Party in charge of the government. This government chose to include peasants in their revolution and promised them …

Under International Law, Must A Ship On The High Seas Fly The Flag Of A State In Order To A Void Being A Stateless Vessel? Is A Flag Painted On Either Side Of The Ship Sufficient To Identify It?, Barry Hart Dubner, Mary Carmen Arias

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Making Democracy Harder To Hack, Scott Shackelford, Bruce Schneier, Michael Sulmeyer, Anne Boustead, Ben Buchanan, Amanda N. Craig Deckard, Trey Herr, Jessica Malekos Smith

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

With the Russian government hack of the Democratic National Convention email servers and related leaks, the drama of the 2016 U.S. presidential race highlights an important point: nefarious hackers do not just pose a risk to vulnerable companies; cyber attacks can potentially impact the trajectory of democracies. Yet a consensus has been slow to emerge as to the desirability and feasibility of reclassifying elections—in particular, voting machines—as critical infrastructure, due in part to the long history of local and state control of voting procedures. This Article takes on the debate—focusing on policy options beyond former Department of Homeland Security Secretary …

Facebook #Fundeiu Hashtag 2016 Thorugh 3/9/2017, Various Authors

Social Media

Public Facebook posts with the #FundEIU hashtag, 2016 through 3/9/2017

Geographical Distribution Of Brucella Melitensis Inferred From Rpob Gene Variation, K.K. Tan, Y.C. Tan, L.Y. Chang, K.W. Lee, S.S. Nor'e, W.Y. Yee, C.C. Hoh, Sazaly Abubakar

Research Publications (2016 to 2020)

Introduction: Currently available tests have limitations for the identification of Brucella species and strains, and their genetic lineage. The genome sequence of the rpoB gene encoding the β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was investigated for its use in genotyping Brucella melitensis. Methodology: Complete rpoB gene sequences of globally distributed Brucella melitensis strains were analyzed. Single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) of the rpoB gene sequences were identified and used to type Brucella melitensis strains. Results: Six DNA polymorphisms were identified, of which two (nucleotides 3201 and 558) were novel. Analysis of the geographical distribution of the strains revealed a spatial clustering pattern …

Everything Radiates: Does The Fourth Amendment Regulate Side-Channel Cryptanalysis, Riana Pfefferkorn

Connecticut Law Review

Encryption shields private information from malicious eavesdroppers. After years of slow adoption, encryption is finally becoming widespread in consumeroriented electronic devices and communications services. Consumer-oriented encryption software is now more user-friendly, and much of it turns on encryption by default. These advances enhance privacy and security for millions of people. However, encryption also poses an impediment to law enforcement’s ability to gather electronic evidence. Law enforcement calls this the “going dark” problem. U.S. law enforcement agencies have responded through both legal and technological means to encryption’s perceived threat to their capabilities. The scope of encryption’s impact on those capabilities is …

Investigative Journalism And Counter Terrorism Laws, Clive Walker

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

Since terrorism is now perceived as a primary and pervasive threat to state security, many states have adopted broad legal definitions of “terrorism” and, upon that basis, have enacted correspondingly expansive policing powers and criminal offences. As a dramatic instance of how these approaches, which affect major Western jurisdictions such as the U.S. and U.K., this paper will focus on the paradigm case of David Miranda. In August 2013, Miranda was transporting computer materials (including files from security agencies) supplied by Edward Snowden, a former contractor with the U.S. National Security Agency, to journalist Glenn Greenwald to assist ongoing disclosures …

The Equivalence Of Religion And Conscience, Lucien J. Dhooge

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

This Article examines issues posed by the equation of religious liberty with secular conscience, utilizing federal law and the law in those states which have adopted religious freedom restoration acts (RFRAs). The Article initially addresses the definition of religion through an examination of applicable literature and federal and state case law. The same approach is utilized to define conscience. The Article then examines similarities between the two concepts and the implications of their equivalence. The Article concludes that religion and conscience are moral equivalents that require equal legal treatment. However, equal treatment should proceed with caution in order to address …

Prevalence Of Dental Pathology In A Juvenile Population From The Ancient Maya Site Of Altun Ha, Lindsey D. Lefebvre

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The present research seeks to assesses the presence and prevalence of two distinct dental pathologies: linear enamel hypoplasia and caries in an ancient Maya juvenile subsample from Altun Ha, Belize spanning the Preclassic (ca. 600 B.C.) through the Terminal Classic (ca. 900 A.D.) periods. Teeth offer a remarkable wealth of information about the human experience in the past. Developmental and post-eruption pathology can provide insight into cultural and evolutionary processes by illuminating social and biological factors such as diet, weaning, illness, and overall health that manifest in observable changes to the composition of teeth. In addition, growth and developmental stages …

Leftovers Of A Dissolved Empire: Assessing The Political Stability Of The Former Soviet Republics Of Kazakhstan, Georgia, And The Ukraine, Taraleigh Davis

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The intent of this thesis is to explore why when compared to the former Soviet Republics of Ukraine and Georgia there is a measure of stability in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has made it a priority to slowly build a sense of its own nationalism after decades of Soviet control. In over 20 years of independence it has only known violence for an 18-month period. The Republic of Kazakhstan has gone from the leftovers from a dissolved empire to a stable regional power. Kazakhstan’s hegemony in Asia and peaceful ethnic-governmental relations has made it possible for Kazakhstan to have a multi-faceted foreign …

Strengthening Cybersecurity With Cyberinsurance Markets And Better Risk Assessment, Jay P. Kesan, Carol M. Hayes

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

A Conversation Between U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor And Professor Robert A. Stein, Sonia Sotomayor

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

Stranger Than Science Fiction: The Rise Of A.I. Interrogation In The Dawn Of Autonomous Robots And The Need For An Additional Protocol To The U.N. Convention Against Torture, Amanda Mcallister

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

Distinction And Proportionality In Cyber War: Virtual Problems With A Real Solution, Cdr Peter Pascucci

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols 1-28:1 (1992-2019)

No abstract provided.

Targeting Decisions And Consequences For Civilians In The Colombian Civil Strife, Aaron X. Fellmeth, Douglas J. Sylvester

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols 1-28:1 (1992-2019)

No abstract provided.

Errors And Misconceptions In The 2015 Department Of Defense Law Of War Manual, Jordan J. Paust

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols 1-28:1 (1992-2019)

No abstract provided.

From Al-Qaida In 2001 To Isil In 2015: The Security Council’S Decisions On Terrorism And Their Impact On The Right To Self-Defense Against Autonomous Non-State Actors, Alberto Alvarez-Jimenez

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols 1-28:1 (1992-2019)

No abstract provided.

Just Wars With Unjust Allies: Use Of Force And Human Rights Considerations On The Russian Intervention In Syria, Brendan Delany

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols 1-28:1 (1992-2019)

No abstract provided.

Medieval Ingenuity In Fourteenth Century English Milling In Middlesex, Norfolk, And Northumberland Counties, Brett Pelham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the effect of population losses from outbreaks of the Bubonic Plague on capital investment for labor saving technology in England. The cities in Middlesex and Norfolk advance the economy in their surrounding areas. Northumberland's access to Newcastle-Upon-Tyne did not house as much wealth for Coquetdale and Glendale. However, Edward I's constant investment in the recently acquired Scottish territory provided the area with income from the crown. While the decrease in population was catastrophic and presented social turmoil, the surviving population continued to make economic adjustments. The economic adaptations provided relief to a strained population. Trade should have …

The Role Of Accounts And Apologies In Mitigating Blame Toward Human And Machine Agents, Kimberly Stowers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Would you trust a machine to make life-or-death decisions about your health and safety? Machines today are capable of achieving much more than they could 30 years ago—and the same will be said for machines that exist 30 years from now. The rise of intelligence in machines has resulted in humans entrusting them with ever-increasing responsibility. With this has arisen the question of whether machines should be given equal responsibility to humans—or if humans will ever perceive machines as being accountable for such responsibility. For example, if an intelligent machine accidentally harms a person, should it be blamed for its …

King, Kingship, Sunggu Yang

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

Biblical films make use of several different images and related perceptions of kingship that are found throughout both Testaments: 1) king as absolute tyrant, 2) king as disapproved servant of God, 3) king as ideal head of the nation, 4) king as ironically subversive clown, and 5) God (or Christ) as ultimate king of kings in the universe. Films have been quick to adopt and depict these five images following biblical accounts and through creative imagination.

First and foremost, the concept of a king as an absolute tyrant is the earliest overture image of king in the OT/HB, particularly in …

The Quest For Justice: Joseph Kony And The Lord's Resistance Army, Christopher E. Bailey

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Mend It, Don't End It: How To Improve Securities Arbitration In The United States By Adopting Best Practices From The United Kingdom And Australia, Alina Gatskova

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Homophobia In The African American Church In Dmv, Nurney Kasem Mason

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A look at some causes of homophobia in the African American(AA) church in the Washington DC metropolitan area. Using mixed methods and interviews, the researcher uncovered some reasons why homophobia exists in the AA church. Based on the data the researcher constructed a rubric scale AA leaders can use as a reference. The researcher offered fourteen recommendations AA church leaders can use as a tool to assist them in ministering to the LGBT members in the AA church.

"Our Captain Is A Gentleman”: Officer Elections Among Virginia Confederates, 1861-1862, Ryan C. O'Hallahan

Theses and Dissertations

Enlisted soldiers preferred to elect company- and regimental-level officers during the first year of the American Civil War. This thesis explores how early Confederate mobilization, class conflict between elites and non-elites, and Confederate military policies affected officer elections from spring 1861 to spring 1862 among Virginia Confederates. Chapter 1 explores how the chaotic nature of mobilization and common soldiers' initial expectations regarding their military service influenced elections from April 1861 until late July 1861. Chapter 2 details the changing nature of elections as elite officers faced challenges from non-elites and Confederate policies regarding furloughs and conscription forced officers to reconcile …

Automatically Detecting The Resonance Of Terrorist Movement Frames On The Web, Ugochukwu O. Etudo

Theses and Dissertations

The ever-increasing use of the internet by terrorist groups as a platform for the dissemination of radical, violent ideologies is well documented. The internet has, in this way, become a breeding ground for potential lone-wolf terrorists; that is, individuals who commit acts of terror inspired by the ideological rhetoric emitted by terrorist organizations. These individuals are characterized by their lack of formal affiliation with terror organizations, making them difficult to intercept with traditional intelligence techniques. The radicalization of individuals on the internet poses a considerable threat to law enforcement and national security officials. This new medium of radicalization, however, also …

State-Based Human Rights Violations And Terrorism, Eray Karlidag

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I examine the within-country and between-country effects of state-based human rights violations on annual counts of total, fatal and attributed attacks. I use the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) for my outcome variables and Political Terror Scale (PTS) to measure state-based human rights violations.

Scholars argue that repressive governments that silence dissidents and close all avenues of political expression increase the likelihood of terrorism and other acts of violence against the state (Gurr, 1970; Crenshaw, 1981; DeNardo, 1985; Piazza, 2017). In such circumstances, terrorism and acts of violence against the state may serve as a defense mechanism against …

Educating Collegiate Journalists To Cover And Cope With Traumatic Events, Stephanie Elder Anderson

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

STEPHANIE LYNN ELDER ANDERSON. How to Educate Collegiate Journalists to Cover and Cope with Traumatic Events (under the direction of DR. TERESA CLARK.)

This research study applied the qualitative method of open coding of data from professional journalists and journalism faculty members to determine whether trauma journalism should be incorporated into existing journalism curriculum. Trauma journalism emerged in the early 1990s but has not been integrated in most journalism programs. Prior research indicated the reasons trauma journalism is not included in most curriculum is because it is not an ACEJMC accreditation standard, there’s limited qualified faculty members to teach such …

Cry Havoc: The Rise And Collapse Of America's Contractors In Iraq, Samuel Brown

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

This work aims at examining the development of Private Security Contracting, specifically Blackwater, and their role in destabilizing the United States’ mission in Iraq. In that examination, it looks at existing literature on the subject and the efforts that people involved in the Bush Administration made regarding the War on Terror that allowed these companies and Blackwater to develop. Choices made by Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and CPA leader Paul Bremer all added to the chaos and the shortage of manpower that would see these companies fill in the gaps in American planning. This work …