Digital Commons Network^™

China's Interests And Goals In The Arctic: Implications For The United States, Elizabeth Wishnick Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

China has been elaborating its position on the Arctic at the same time as the United States has been refining its own Arctic strategy as Chairman of the Arctic Council through April 2017. This Letort Paper examines the geopolitical implications of China’s growing involvement in the Arctic for U.S. interests. First, the evolution of U.S. Arctic strategy is discussed, including its political and military components. Next, China’s interests and goals in the Arctic are addressed. A third section examines the Arctic in China’s relations with Canada, Russia, and the Nordic states. This Letort Paper then evaluates the consequences of China’s …

Indiana Journal Of Law & Social Equality Volume 5, Issue 1

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

Session B-4: Why Study War? The Importance Of Teaching Military History, Justin Riskus

Professional Learning Day

This session will provide educators with the means and methods of incorporating American military history into the classroom, and how its study fosters critical thinking skills. A global perspective of American military power {Civil War, Cold War, War on Terror), and ideas on how to teach such perspectives, will be explored.

Session A-4: Legacy: Enslaved African Muslims In The Americas, Steven Buenning, Elizabeth Buenning

Professional Learning Day

Among the estimated 12.5 million enslaved African persons deported to the Americas, about 10-20% were Muslims. What were their experiences? How did their actions influence life in the Western Hemisphere? What is their legacy today? Through new scholarship, the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, primary sources, and geography exercises, we will explore how this topic can enrich your teaching of the history of slavery. In addition, books for young readers about Islam and other world religions will be discussed.

"By What Hate Or By What Spite?": Treason In Three Insular Poems, 1264-1399", Laura Shafer

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is an analysis of the manner in which the concept of treason might be directed against England’s sovereign. It covers the period of time from the Battle of Lewes in 1264 through the deposition of Richard II in 1399. In this period, political theory was balanced between, on the one hand, the king’s sacral, uncontested authority and, on the other, the right and responsibility of the king’s great magnates to advise and correct him. While the institution of monarchy was never challenged, the idea that the king’s person could be separated from his anointed role developed momentum. Specifically, …

Volume Cxxxiv, Number 17, March 3, 2017, Lawrence University

The Lawrentian

No abstract provided.

On My Grind: Freestyle Rap Practices In Experimental Creative Writing And Composition Pedagogy, Evan Nave

Theses and Dissertations

My work is always necessarily two-headed. Double-voiced. Call-and-response at once. Paranoid self-talk as dichotomous monologue to move the crowd. Part of this has to do with the deep cuts and scratches in my mind. Recorded and remixed across DNA double helixes. Structurally split. Generationally divided. A style and family history built on breaking down.

Evidence of how ill I am.

And then there’s the matter of skin. The material concerns of cultural cross-fertilization. Itching to plant seeds where the grass is always greener. Color collaborations and appropriations. Writing white/out with black art ink. Distinctions dangerously hidden behind backbeats or shamelessly …

Permissible Negligence And Campaigns To Suppress Rights, Glenn Harlan Reynolds

Scholarly Works

In his The Second Amendment Right To Be Negligent, 68 Fla. L. Rev. 1 (2016), Andrew McClurg looks at statutory protections shielding gun owners and sellers from liability in cases of theft, etc. in terms of what he calls a constitutional “right to be negligent” under the First and Second Amendments. In this brief response, I look at that question, and also touch, briefly, on the to-me interesting aspect that the protection enjoyed by publishers under the First Amendment was created by judicial action, while that enjoyed under the Second Amendment was instead the product of legislation. But, in short, …

Understanding Boko Haram, Daniel Flynn

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

There are two lenses through which Boko Haram is commonly viewed. The first focuses on ideas of Islamic extremism and religious violence, explaining the insurgency as an outgrowth of an ideology. The second uses theories of relative deprivation and frustration-aggression to find motivation in the harsh socioeconomic reality faced by the majority of people in northern Nigeria. This project demonstrates that both of these lenses are problematic and allow for only a partial understanding of Boko Haram. Instead, this project analyzes all of the factors that have allowed and facilitated Boko Haram's transition from a localized, grassroots organization into the …

Continuity And Change In Puebloan Ritual Practice: 3,800 Years Of Shrine Use In The North American Southwest, Phil R. Geib, Carrie Heitman, Ronald C.D. Fields

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Radiocarbon dates on artifacts from a Puebloan shrine in New Mexico reveal a persistence in ritual practice for some 3,800 years. The dates indicate that the shrine had become an important location for ceremonial observances related to warfare by almost 2000 cal. B.C., coinciding with the time when food production was first practiced in the Southwest. The shrine exhibits continuity of ritual behavior, something that Puebloans may find unsurprising, but also changes in the artifacts deposited that indicate new technology, transformations of belief, and perhaps shifting cultural boundaries. After briefly describing this shrine, we discuss some of the artifacts that …

Resolving The Civilian-Military Divide Through An Examination Of Select Members Of The United States Army Profession, Caitlin Bankhead

Masters Theses

Since the conclusion of the Vietnam War, the American public and the Armed Forces have steadily drifted apart. This has resulted in a division between the people of the nation and the individuals that defend its values. Consequently, as this division increases, the American public is thankful of military servicemen, but believes that service is something others should do. Conversely, the military’s sole purpose is to protect and defend the nation, its people, and its values, but it has become more isolated. Additionally, military service is becoming a family tradition in which outsiders cannot easily understand the values and pride …

Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2016, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology

AFIT Documents

This Research Report presents the FY16 research statistics and contributions of the Graduate School of Engineering and Management (EN) at AFIT. AFIT research interests and faculty expertise cover a broad spectrum of technical areas related to USAF needs, as reflected by the range of topics addressed in the faculty and student publications listed in this report. In most cases, the research work reported herein is directly sponsored by one or more USAF or DOD agencies. AFIT welcomes the opportunity to conduct research on additional topics of interest to the USAF, DOD, and other federal organizations when adequate manpower and financial …

Cmsi Archive Translation: From Yan’An To The United Nations: The Diplomatic Career Of Ling Qing, Ling Qing

CMSI Translations

This memoir excerpt details the PRC's first participation in international legislation (UNCLOS III) starting in 1973. It describes the strategic diplomatic decisions, such as China's support for the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to oppose maritime hegemony. The author notes that this support was sometimes unconditional and that they later questioned if it fully served China’s interests, particularly concerning the retention of the continental shelf principle, which China upheld. The chapter highlights that UNCLOS achieved a basic agreement on the division of maritime resources without war.

Cmsi Archive Translation: The Unclos Conferences And China’S Safeguarding Of Its Maritime Rights And Interests, Guo Yuan

CMSI Translations

This article examines China's consistent views and positions during the UNCLOS conferences regarding territorial seas, EEZs, and continental shelves, noting that these positions reflected Chinese maritime law practice and the developing world's desire to expand rights. It highlights China’s 1958 Statement on Territorial Waters establishing a 12nm territorial sea over all Chinese islands, including Xisha and Nansha. China maintained that foreign naval vessels must obtain prior permission or notification before transiting through territorial waters, a position reaffirmed by China upon ratification of UNCLOS in 1996. The paper also details China’s struggle to assert sovereignty over disputed areas, citing diplomatic statements …

Cmsi Archive Translation: The Provisional Constitution Of Seapower: China’S Participation In Unclos Negotiations From Beginning To End, Shan Xu

CMSI Translations

This report covers China's involvement in the nine-year UNCLOS III negotiations, which was China’s first important international multilateral negotiation after regaining its UN seat. Key outcomes included the establishment of 200nm EEZs, which China had strongly supported but later realized posed a dilemma regarding resource sharing in semi-enclosed seas like the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. The article notes that the resulting vagueness in UNCLOS wording allows parties to interpret articles beneficially. China maintained its declaration that foreign naval vessels require prior permission for innocent passage through territorial waters, and it has consistently refused to accept the jurisdiction of …

Cmsi Archive Translation: Drawing Up A Maritime Basic Law/ Protecting Maritime Rights And Interests In Accordance With The Law, Liu Huirong

CMSI Translations

Advocating for the establishment of a Maritime Basic Law, this article addresses the structural deficiencies in China’s current maritime legal system, which is fragmented and lacks an authoritative, overarching law. The proposed law should be comprehensive, technical, and international in nature. Its contents should clearly stipulate the country's sphere of jurisdiction over the ocean, protect sovereignty, and establish basic policies to ensure coordination between statutes. The article notes that while the Property Law mentions "maritime space," the fundamental law still lacks a clear definition of the ocean, a gap the Basic Law must remedy.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Thoughts On Advancing Ocean Defense Construction Work In The New Situation, Wu Jianhong, Huang Chunyu, Liu Changlong

CMSI Translations

This paper analyzes the challenges facing China’s ocean defense construction, identifying systemic issues like overlapping administrative functions, fragmented management, and the lack of a comprehensive legal framework. A major bottleneck is the absence of an authoritative, foundational Ocean Defense Law to guide specific legislation. Existing laws, such as the PRC Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone and the PRC Law on the EEZ and Continental Shelf, suffer from unclear implementation responsibilities and lack explicit judicial procedures for punishing foreign violations. The article calls for accelerating the issuance of a comprehensive Ocean Defense Law to resolve these deficiencies.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Philippines Violates Declaration On The Conduct Of Parties In The South China Sea, Feng Liang

CMSI Translations

This article criticizes the Philippines for unilaterally pushing for international arbitration regarding the South China Sea, arguing that this action violates the spirit of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties (DOC). The DOC stipulates that territorial disputes should be resolved through "friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign states directly concerned," which clearly excludes third-party interference like arbitration. The core issue is sovereignty over islands within China’s nine-dash line. The article asserts that the arbitration court lacks the right to adjudicate, especially since China made exclusionary claims in 2006 under UNCLOS Article 298 regarding territorial ownership and historical possession.

Cmsi Archive Translation: On The Legality Of Applying Straight Baselines To China’S Mid-Ocean Archipelagos A Perspective From Customary International Law, Zhang Hua

CMSI Translations

This article provides a legal basis for applying straight baselines to China’s mid-ocean archipelagos (Paracels and Diaoyu Islands), arguing that it is justified by customary international law rather than analogy with UNCLOS Articles 7 or 47. The practice, supported by multiple states, constitutes a "sui generis" straight baseline. The author argues that the legality of these baselines depends on the islands constituting a legal "unit". Critiques from the US that rely on UNCLOS’s restrictive water-to-land ratios and maximum lengths are invalid because these limitations do not apply to sui generis baselines derived from customary law.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Research On Requirements And Measures In Civilian Vessel Mobilization For Maritime Rights Protection, Dai Jiachen, Geng Yueting

CMSI Translations

This paper analyzes the need for mobilizing China's vast civilian vessel fleet for maritime rights protection, stressing that civilian forces are required to confront foreign vessels "on an equal footing" and compensate for inadequacies in official law enforcement capacity. Key legal challenges include the high degree of privatization and organizational deficiencies, rendering the traditional executive order mode ineffective. The article calls for urgently improving the legal system by formulating specialized mobilization laws, such as a Civilian Vessel Mobilization Law (《民用船只动员法》) or a Merchant Vessel Law (《商船法》).

Cmsi Archive Translation: Research On Civil Wharfs Construction Implementing Maritime Strategic Projection Requirements, Wang Xin

CMSI Translations

This research focuses on ensuring civil wharves meet the requirements for maritime strategic projection, especially for loading heavy military equipment in wartime. The facilities must meet stringent standards, including those for protection and emergency repair (e.g., underground command posts). A standards system framework, including technical and management standards, is necessary to legislate clear powers and obligations. The article advocates for moving the implementation mode from mandatory mobilization to contractual mobilization, learning from foreign models that use legal contracts to clarify rights and responsibilities.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Tasks And Operations Of The Maritime Militia When Participating In Maritime Combat, Liu Zili, Chen Qingsong

CMSI Translations

This paper outlines the missions of the maritime militia in front-line maritime combat, which are vital given the complex maritime security situation. The militia's functions include conducting maritime guerrilla warfare, such as reconnaissance, early warning, creating obstacles (e.g., sea mines and fishing nets), and capturing enemy personnel. A key directive is organizing and executing "Three Warfares" missions at sea (public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare), which supports combat operations by engaging in legal conflict and undermining enemy morale.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Prc Coast Guard Law (Draft), Standing Committee Of The National People’S Congress

CMSI Translations

This draft legislation defines the China Coast Guard Bureau (CCGB) as an important maritime armed force and the unified state administrative law enforcement body responsible for safeguarding national sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. It grants the CCGB comprehensive law enforcement duties, including security, customs, and environmental protection. Key powers include the authority to take measures such as detention, forcible eviction, or forcible towing of foreign vessels illegally entering China's internal waters or territorial sea. The draft explicitly authorizes the CCGB to use weapons to stop unlawful infringements and permits the forcible dismantling of foreign-constructed buildings or structures.

Cmsi Archive Translation: An Unforgettable Maritime Contest In The East China Sea: A Partial Account Of The Rights Protection/Law Enforcement Operation Following An Incident Involving The Sinking Of An Unidentified Foreign Vessel In The East China Sea, Liu Zhendong

CMSI Translations

This article recounts a 9-month rights protection/law enforcement (维权执法) operation in China's EEZ by China Marine Surveillance (CMS) in 2002, following an incident involving Japan. The operation established the position of CMS as a representative implementer of government functions. Despite significant equipment disparity, CMS successfully asserted China's sovereign rights and jurisdictional rights over the area, compelling Japan to eventually submit to CMS supervision (监管) of its salvage operations. CMS achieved breakthroughs by seizing opportunities, such as collecting evidence on an oil slick or responding to a Chinese fishing vessel, to breach Japan's security perimeter and conduct on-site monitoring.

Commentaries And Replies, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Cybersecurity In The Private Sector By Means Of Civil Liability Lawsuits - The Connie Francis Effect, Jeffrey F. Addicott

Faculty Articles

The purpose of this article is to explore the threats posed by cybersecurity breaches, outline the steps taken by the government to address those threats in the private sector economy, and call attention to the ultimate solution, which will most certainly spur private businesses to create a more secure cyber environment for the American people-a Connie Francis-styled cyber civil action lawsuit.

The Dying Of The American Church: Five Biblical Principles For Revival, Stan Mars

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The majority of churches in America continue to suffer a numerical plateau or a decline in church growth. As a result of disobedience to God to follow His commandments in the making of disciples, the church also suffers from a flat lined, virtually non-existent, adult conversion rate. People of the world who do not know Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior are not being evangelized by the church using the first century process of discipleship and therefore, the numbers of conversions to Christ are dismal. The modern day American Church needs to return to the first century process of …

All Quiet On The Employment Front: Mandatory Arbitration Under The Userra, Bradford J. Kelley

Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Human Migration And Environmental Degradation: The Toll On Vulnerable Women And Children, Catherine Zeman, Mark Grey, Michele Devlin

UNIversitas: Journal of Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

The early years of the 21st Century have seen major changes in the world’s demographic profile. The world’s total population is currently just over seven billion. Middle-range projections by the United Nations Population Fund suggest the world’s population will grow to ten billion by about 2050 and about eleven billion at the end of the century. Higher and lower projections for the end of the 21st century are 16.5 billion and 7 billion respectively depending on trends in fertility rates, which in general are projected to decline. Global average fertility rates have also dropped from 4.5 children in 1970 to …

Mission Command In The Australian Army: A Contrast In Detail, Russell W. Glenn

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.