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Crisis And Command: A History Of Executive Power From George Washington To George W. Bush, James P. Terry Mar 2018

Crisis And Command: A History Of Executive Power From George Washington To George W. Bush, James P. Terry

Naval War College Review

John Yoo’s most recent book is far more than a defense of the George W. Bush administration, which he served, as some of his many critics may find it. In fact, Crisis and Command is a carefully documented study of the exercise of presidential power from George Washington to President Obama. This is the last book in a trilogy by Yoo, the first two being The Powers of War and Peace (2005), which explains the founders’ original understanding of the foreign affairs power within the Constitution, and War by Other Means (2006), which discusses the law and logic behind the …

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Arms And Innovation: Entrepreneurship And Alliances In The Twenty-First-Century Defense Industry, David Foster Mar 2018

Arms And Innovation: Entrepreneurship And Alliances In The Twenty-First-Century Defense Industry, David Foster

Naval War College Review

For decades, analysts have understood the non-market conditions of defense development and procurement. First, government-as-buyer and ultimate legal authority are atypical market constraints and, second, military weapons systems often have no commercial equivalents and may also have several unique component or material requirements—for example a one-off electronic component architecture.

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China Goes To Sea: Maritime Transformation In Comparative Historical Perspective, Jeremy Black Mar 2018

China Goes To Sea: Maritime Transformation In Comparative Historical Perspective, Jeremy Black

Naval War College Review

The third book in the Naval Institute Press’s Studies in Chinese Maritime Development series is a collection of essays and case studies that is important not only for those working in naval studies and for sinologists, but also for scholars concerned with the idea of strategic culture and its application.

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Book Reviews, The U.S Naval War College Mar 2018

Book Reviews, The U.S Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Maritime Information-Sharing Strategy, Alberto A. Soto Mar 2018

Maritime Information-Sharing Strategy, Alberto A. Soto

Naval War College Review

Information sharing is a fundamental requirement for meeting most of the current challenges of international maritime security. During the gather- ing of naval and maritime authorities at the nineteenth International Sea Power Symposium, held during October 2009 at the U.S. Naval War College, this topic captured the attention of most of the international representatives. It has become obvious that, together with globalization, the multiple threats and challenges of the maritime environment have assumed a transnational nature and require a coordinated effort to address them.

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Prospects For Indian And Pakistani Arms Control And Confidence-Building Measures, Feroz Hassan Khan Mar 2018

Prospects For Indian And Pakistani Arms Control And Confidence-Building Measures, Feroz Hassan Khan

Naval War College Review

The regional dynamic in South Asia is both extravagant and complicated. For centuries various empires have risen, thrived, and fallen, as numerous wars and clashes for control over resources spread across the geography. South Asian history writ large has seen hypothetical borders redrawn several times, leaving in question the viability of state control and perpetuating ethnic tensions. Though the great partition of India in 1947 ought to have politically resolved communal disharmony, the haste of British withdrawal created a geopolitical quagmire that has resulted in an “enduring rivalry” between the nations of India and Pakistan, one that has lasted for …

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S-2: Options For The Pakistan Navy, Muhammad Azam Khan Mar 2018

S-2: Options For The Pakistan Navy, Muhammad Azam Khan

Naval War College Review

Around noon on 26 July 2009, Gurushuran Kaur, the wife of the Indian prime minister, broke a single coconut on the hull of a submarine in the fifteen- meter-deep Matsya dry dock at Visakhapatnam (also known as Vizag). The occasion marked the formal launch of India’s first indigenously built submarine, a six-thousand-ton nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarine (SSBN) known as S-2—also as the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) and, more commonly, by its future name, INS Arihant(destroyer of the enemy).2 The launch ended for In- dia a journey stretching over three decades since the inauguration of the ATV program and including an eleven-year …

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The Strategic Implications Of Obscurants, Thomas J. Culora Mar 2018

The Strategic Implications Of Obscurants, Thomas J. Culora

Naval War College Review

Throughout history, smoke has been used in various forms to obscure naval forces at sea. During prominent naval battles in the twentieth century, from Jutland in World War I to the U.S. Navy’s clash with imperial Japanese forces off Leyte in 1944, smoke literally contributed to “the fog of war” and added to the complexity and confusion of battle.1 But is there a role for smoke or other obscurants at sea in the radar-saturated, cyber-linked maritime environment of the twenty-first century? And what, if any, are the strategic implications of obscurants? This article will explore the latter question, leaving the …

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The Zumwalt-Class Destroyer, George V. Galdorisi, Scott C. Truver Mar 2018

The Zumwalt-Class Destroyer, George V. Galdorisi, Scott C. Truver

Naval War College Review

The U.S. Navy’s decision to truncate procurement of the original fleet of thirty-two guided-missile destroyers of the Zumwalt (DDG 1000) class to just three ships does not diminish the value of the program to the United States as a technology bridge to the “Navy after Next.” Rarely has the Navy had such an opportunity to do just what the Chief of Naval Opera- tions (CNO), Admiral Gary Roughead, directed in early 2009: “To take advantage of the technologies, to learn from them” and to prepare the Navy for the un- certain “hybrid warfare” strategic environment of the future.

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Chinese Missile Strategy And The U.S. Naval Presence In Japan, Toshi Yoshihara Mar 2018

Chinese Missile Strategy And The U.S. Naval Presence In Japan, Toshi Yoshihara

Naval War College Review

In recent years, defense analysts in the United States have substantially revised their estimates of China’s missile prowess. A decade ago, most observers rated Beijing’s ballistic missiles as inaccurate, blunt weapons limited to terrorizing ci- vilian populations. Today, the emerging consensus within the U.S. strategic community is that China’s arsenal can infl ict lethal harm with precision on a wide ange of military targets, including ports and airfi elds. As a consequence, many observers have jettisoned previously sanguine net assessments that conferred de- cisive, qualitative advantages to Taiwan in the cross-strait military balance. Indeed, the debates on China’s coercive power …

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The Next Geographical Pivot, Caitlyn L. Antrim Mar 2018

The Next Geographical Pivot, Caitlyn L. Antrim

Naval War College Review

In the summer of 2007, when the Russian fl ag was placed on the ocean fl oor at the North Pole and the Arctic ice cover receded to the lowest extent ever recorded, the media sought story lines that would grab the public’s attention. Titles and headlines such as “Arctic Meltdown,” “A New Cold War,” and “Arctic Land Grab,” focusing on Russian activities in the Arctic, all fed a sense of competition, conflict, and crisis.

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From The Editors, The U.S. Naval War College Press Mar 2018

From The Editors, The U.S. Naval War College Press

Naval War College Review

The often acrimonious debate over the nature and significance of global climate change shows no signs of letting up anytime soon. There can be little doubt that many have been too ready to accept extreme claims concerning the threat poten- tially posed by global warming and associated changes in global sea level and weather patterns. Nevertheless, there is one part of the world where rising temperatures in recent years have indeed dramatically affected the environment and posed clear new challenges and opportunities—the Arctic.

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Using The Syrian Civil War To Measure Hierarchy: Regional Power Transition In The Middle East, Eric Michael Clary Mar 2018

Using The Syrian Civil War To Measure Hierarchy: Regional Power Transition In The Middle East, Eric Michael Clary

Dissertations and Theses

In 2018, the Syrian Civil War will enter into its ninth year of conflict. From an international relations perspective there are few, if any, studies on state actors in regional sub-state systems. What can an intrastate conflict teach us about future dynamics of the regional interstate hierarchy? It is worthwhile to examine The Syrian Civil War for three reasons. First, Syria lies in the heart of the Middle East lending proximity to regional actors. Second, the breakdown of order in Syria represents a microcosm of the global anarchic environment. Third, Syrian Civil War is an intrastate war that encapsulates both …

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Mitigating The Effects Of Cyber Attacks And Human Control In An Autonomous Intersection, Karl C. Bentjen Mar 2018

Mitigating The Effects Of Cyber Attacks And Human Control In An Autonomous Intersection, Karl C. Bentjen

Theses and Dissertations

Widespread use of fully autonomous vehicles is near. However, the desire for a human to maintain control, even if limited, of a vehicle will likely never fully subside. Protocols to safely and efficiently manage reservation-based intersections with a mixture of fully autonomous, semi-autonomous, and non-autonomous vehicles exist such as AIM, SemiAIM, and H-AIM. Missing from these protocols is persistent human control of semi-autonomous vehicles in approaching and navigating autonomous intersections without the use of traditional signals. This thesis offers a proof-of-concept of a reservation-based protocol with necessary extensions required for human control in semi-autonomous vehicles. Desired is a protocol that …

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Behavior Flexibility For Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems, Taylor B. Bodin Mar 2018

Behavior Flexibility For Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems, Taylor B. Bodin

Theses and Dissertations

Autonomous unmanned aerial systems (UAS) could supplement and eventually subsume a substantial portion of the mission set currently executed by remote pilots, making UAS more robust, responsive, and numerous than permitted by teleoperation alone. Unfortunately, the development of robust autonomous systems is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Furthermore, the resulting systems often make little reuse of proven software components and offer limited adaptability for new tasks. This work presents a development platform for UAS which promotes behavioral flexibility. The platform incorporates the Unified Behavior Framework (a modular, extensible autonomy framework), the Robotic Operating System (a RSF), and PX4 (an open- source …

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An Exploration Of Error-Correcting Codes For Use In Noise-Prone Satellite Environments, Min W. Kang Mar 2018

An Exploration Of Error-Correcting Codes For Use In Noise-Prone Satellite Environments, Min W. Kang

Theses and Dissertations

Satellites are crucial for the modern world to function properly as they provide Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and global communication. However, the data that is stored on these satellites can be corrupted by the radiation found in space, and its bits can be improperly flipped. In the past, Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms were selected based on their strength and implemented to correct these bit flips back to their original values. This thesis seeks to determine if the strength of the FEC algorithms Reed Solomon (RS) code and Reed Solomon Product Code (RSPC) directly translates to their effectiveness. These …

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Near Earth Space Object Detection Utilizing Parallax As Multi-Hypothesis Test Criterion, Joseph C. Tompkins Mar 2018

Near Earth Space Object Detection Utilizing Parallax As Multi-Hypothesis Test Criterion, Joseph C. Tompkins

Theses and Dissertations

The US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) operated Space Surveillance Network (SSN) is tasked with Space Situational Awareness (SSA) for the US military. This system is made up of Electro-Optic sensors such as the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) and Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) as well as RADAR based sensors such as the Space Fence. While Lockheed Martin’s Space Fence is very adept at detecting & tracking objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) below 3000 Km in height [1], gaps remain in the tracking of Resident Space Objects (RSO’s) in Geosynchronous Orbits (GEO) due to limitations associated with the implementation of …

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Stabilized Rpa Flight In Building Proximity Operations, Michael M. Kaniut Mar 2018

Stabilized Rpa Flight In Building Proximity Operations, Michael M. Kaniut

Theses and Dissertations

The thesis seeks a solution to the requirement for a highly reliable and capable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) to support a wide array of missions and applications that require close proximity flight to structures. The scope of the project includes the drafting of a concept of operations (CONOPs) describing how the mission requirements might be met using the sensor, operators, and air vehicle described here in. The demonstration of the wall-following section of that CONOPs is performed by cart testing a custom algorithm and evaluating its ability to react to its environment. Finally, a flight test was performed to characterize …

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Analysis Of Influences Of Separation Decisions In The Financial Management Career Field, Shauna Young Mar 2018

Analysis Of Influences Of Separation Decisions In The Financial Management Career Field, Shauna Young

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to analyze influences on separation decisions of active duty Air Force financial management officers. Researchers tested nine variables to determine their separation implications. The tested variables were major command, age, prior enlisted service, spouse, commissioning source, AFIT cost analysis master’s degrees, engagement, crystallization of job alternatives, and exhaustion. Results proved that age, prior enlisted service, having a spouse, and being an Air Force Academy or AFIT graduate correlates to whether a financial management officer will separate from the Air Force. In addition, the engagement level or having a defined list of job alternatives readily …

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Investigating Capability Development Management For The Air Force Strategic Development Planning And Experimentation (Spde) Office, Sarah M. Pak Mar 2018

Investigating Capability Development Management For The Air Force Strategic Development Planning And Experimentation (Spde) Office, Sarah M. Pak

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force provides unique capabilities for the defense of our nation. Capabilities do not come to fruition instantly; they must go through a development process. Managing the development of a capability is a difficult but necessary task. In 2016, a report from the Air Force Studies Board prompted the Air Force to focus on the Capability Development Process and its improvement. In response to the report, the Strategic Development Planning & Experimentation (SDPE) Office was formed. The SDPE Office is tasked to support Enterprise Capability Collaboration Teams (ECCTs), which are, in turn, tasked to research and solve prominent issues …

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Outlier Classification Criterion For Multivariate Cyber Anomaly Detection, Alexander M. Trigo Mar 2018

Outlier Classification Criterion For Multivariate Cyber Anomaly Detection, Alexander M. Trigo

Theses and Dissertations

Every day, intrusion detection systems catalogue millions of unsupervised data entries. This represents a “big data” problem for research sponsors within the Department of Defense. In a first response to this issue, raw data capture was transformed into usable vectors and an array of multivariate techniques implemented to detect potential outliers. This research expands and refines these techniques by implementing a Chi-Square Q-Q plot-based classification criteria for outlier detection. This methodology has been implemented into an R-based programming solution that allows for a refined and semi-automated user experience for intelligence analysts. Moreover, two case analyses are performed that illustrate how …

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Air Force Officer Attrition: An Ecconometric Analysis, Jacob T. Elliot Mar 2018

Air Force Officer Attrition: An Ecconometric Analysis, Jacob T. Elliot

Theses and Dissertations

Many organizations are concerned, and struggle, with personnel management. Training personnel is expensive, so there is a high emphasis on understanding why and anticipating when individuals leave an organization. The military is no exception. Moreover, the military is strictly hierarchical and must grow all its leaders, making retention all the more vital. Intuition holds that there is a relationship between the economic environment and personnel attrition rates in the military (e.g. when the economy is bad, attrition is low). This study investigates that relationship in a more formal manner. Specifically, this study conducts an econometric analysis of U.S. Air Force …

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Human Optimization And Performance Enhancement In Flight Via Real-Time Biofeedback (Project Have Hope), Michael S. Fritts Mar 2018

Human Optimization And Performance Enhancement In Flight Via Real-Time Biofeedback (Project Have Hope), Michael S. Fritts

Theses and Dissertations

A four-phase, chronological, and build-up approach was implemented that commenced with basic hardware testing in a centrifuge and culminated in flights augmented by real-time biofeedback displays. A prototype Portable Electrocardiogram Unit (PECGU) was designed and proven to accurately measure heart rate (HR) and display percent heart rate reserve (%HRR). Results showed that %HRR was not a sole predictor of cognitive state. Cognitive responses indicated some correlation with %HRR, but were influenced by environment (centrifuge vs. flight). Subjective perceived exertion levels did not show statistically significant changes during test with biofeedback. A G-tracking task was evaluated during centrifuge and flight tests. …

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The Viability Of Democratic Governance In De Facto States: A Comparative Case Study Of Iraqi Kurdistan And Syria Rojava, Chelsea Vogel Mar 2018

The Viability Of Democratic Governance In De Facto States: A Comparative Case Study Of Iraqi Kurdistan And Syria Rojava, Chelsea Vogel

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The following comparative case study of Iraqi Kurdistan and Democratic Federation of Northern Syria-Rojava seeks to fill a gap in literature on the viability of democracy in cases of de facto statehood. There is yet to be an assessment of the potential influence of support from patron states on the degree to which democratization in de facto states is possible. This research expands upon on the argument that the decision to recognize de facto states is at least partially dependent upon the national interests of influential third party states. Syria Rojava has relied heavily on the strength of its internal …

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Think Again: Why Good Leaders Make Bad Decisions And How To Keep It From Happening To You, Henry Kniskern, Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead, Andrew Campbell Mar 2018

Think Again: Why Good Leaders Make Bad Decisions And How To Keep It From Happening To You, Henry Kniskern, Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead, Andrew Campbell

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Network-Centric Warfare: How Navies Learned To Fight Smarter Through Three Wars, Peter Dombrowski, Norman Friedman Mar 2018

Network-Centric Warfare: How Navies Learned To Fight Smarter Through Three Wars, Peter Dombrowski, Norman Friedman

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Israel: A Revolutionary Miracle In Palestine —The Rise Of Israel: A History Of A Revolutionary State—Israel And Its Army: From Cohesion To Confusion, Mackubin Thomas Owens, Jonathan Adelman, Stuart A. Cohen Mar 2018

Israel: A Revolutionary Miracle In Palestine —The Rise Of Israel: A History Of A Revolutionary State—Israel And Its Army: From Cohesion To Confusion, Mackubin Thomas Owens, Jonathan Adelman, Stuart A. Cohen

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

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Pieces Of Eight—An Appraisal Of U.S. Counterpiracy Options In The Horn Of Africa, Lesley Anne Warner Mar 2018

Pieces Of Eight—An Appraisal Of U.S. Counterpiracy Options In The Horn Of Africa, Lesley Anne Warner

Naval War College Review

The key to success against piracy off the coast of Somalia lies in linking current sea-based counterpiracy methods with approaches designed to remedy the underlying instability ashore that produced piracy in the first place.

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The U.S. Navy’S Transition To Jets, Robert C. Rubel Mar 2018

The U.S. Navy’S Transition To Jets, Robert C. Rubel

Naval War College Review

In this centennial year of naval aviation, it is interesting to observe that it has been jet powered for over half of its history. The transition was long and brutally expensive in terms of life and aircraft. However, it was, by any measure, a success.

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Arctic Security Considerations And The U.S. Navy’S Roadmap For The Arctic, David W. Titley, Courtney C. St. John Mar 2018

Arctic Security Considerations And The U.S. Navy’S Roadmap For The Arctic, David W. Titley, Courtney C. St. John

Naval War College Review

The scope and magnitude of changes to the Arctic region as a result of a changing climate are great—shifts in species populations and distribution, more navigable transportation passages, increased shipping activity and resource extraction, and modified global circulation patterns. The Navy’s Task Force Climate Change is addressing these considerations, which will shape safety and security in the Arctic.

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