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Ukraine V. The Russian Federation: Navigating Conflict Over Sovereignty Under Unclos, NilüFer Oral

International Law Studies

Following Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, or according to Russia, its accession following a referendum, Ukraine brought several international cases against the Russian Federation, including two cases under Annex VII of UNCLOS: The Dispute Concerning Coastal State Rights in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Kerch Strait in 2016 and The Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels in 2019. At the center of these disputes is the conflict between Ukraine and Russia over sovereignty of Crimea. Russia contested jurisdiction in all cases invoking different exceptions under UNCLOS, including the argument that the dispute concerns sovereignty over Crimea and …

The First Battle Of El Alamein, Nathan Landrum

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

In June 1942, German and Italian forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launched a successful offensive into British-held Egypt. This move not only threatened the Suez Canal, it presented the opportunity for Germany to seize the oil rich and strategically important Middle East. British and Commonwealth forces under General Sir Claude Auchinleck, however, halted Axis offensive at the First Battle of El Alamein (1-27 July 1942). This engagement proved decisive in the outcome of the North African campaign in World War II and ultimately the European Theater of Operations, as it shifted the balance of toward the Allies, enabling them …

Pope Francis, Fratelli Tutti, The Death Penalty, And War, John Sniegocki

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Window Seat, Linda M. Pavonetti, Leah Van Belle, Danielle L. Diamond

Michigan Reading Journal

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Silent Aspect Of Carbon Nanopores, Teresa J. Bandosz

Publications and Research

Recently, owing to the discovery of graphene, porous carbons experienced a revitalization in their explorations. However, nowadays, the focus is more on search for suitable energy advancing catalysts sensing, energy storage or thermal/light absorbing features than on separations. In many of these processes, adsorption, although not emphasized sufficiently, can be a significant step. It can just provide a surface accumulation of molecules used in other application-driving chemical or physical phenomena or can be even an additional mechanism adding to the efficiency of the overall performance. However, that aspect of confined molecules in pores and their involvement in the overall performance …

Women And Evolution Of Cultural Practices Among The Igbo Of Nigeria, Christian C. Opata, Apex A. Apeh, Asogwa S. Odoja, Alaku Emmanuel

Journal of International Women's Studies

Studies on Igbo women have ignored the part played by either fear of women or respect for them in the evolution of festivals and some customary practices. Embedded in this neglect is the non-recognition of their contribution to the development of their societies. However, evidence that some cultural practices evolved out of fear of women and respect for them by the men abounds as manifest in the evolution of some spirit being institutions, memorialisation of women’s war exploits, and veneration of kola nut. Anchored on extensive field investigation, the application of historical narrative and qualitative research method, this study traced …

The Globalization Of Hate: Are Domestic Terrorism Laws Sufficient To Quell New Threats From Alt-Right Lone-Wolf Extremists?, Jason J. Sullivan-Halpern

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Refusing To Concede The Election: Defending Democracy By Expanding The G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, Taylor Hayes

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

The past decade is rife with examples of actions by nefarious groups to improperly interfere in democratic elections around the world, and it is time that democratic nations band together to effectively combat these interference efforts. More than two dozen nations around the world have fallen victim to some form of election interference. The United States and its allies have traced many of these interference campaigns to state actors, particularly the Russian government.

In 2018, the Group of Seven (G7) announced the creation of a Rapid Response Mechanism (G7 RRM). The aim of the G7 RRM is to limit the …

Defeat But Not Ignominy: The New Orleans Afro-Creoles Behind Plessy V. Ferguson, Paul Kinny

Undergraduate Research (Journal)

No abstract provided.

Race And Resistance On The Creation Of Mexican American Citizenship And The Chicano Identity, Luiz Francisco Guizzo Gutierrez Osorio

Undergraduate Research (Journal)

No abstract provided.

Captains Of War, Louis Halewood, David Morgan-Owen

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Facets Of Transitional Justice And 'Red Terror' Mass Trials Of Derg Officials In Post-1991 Ethiopia: Reassessing Its Achievements And Pitfalls, Kinkino Kia Legide

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

At the end of the state perpetrated largescale violence, two important puzzling questions need to be addressed by post-conflict states. The first one chiefly concern how to ensure accountability or fight impunity, and the second is concerned with how to transform a society wrecked by prolonged conflicts into a durable peace in a non-violent means (Jarstad & Sisk, 2008). One such effort to deal with these questions was implementation of a transitional justice measures which evolved to encompass broader themes in addition to criminal accountability and it has shown a considerable relevance and expansion since the end of Cold War. …

On American Demagoguery To National Security, Jennifer Brumfield

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Signs Of Atonement: Eucharist And Mimetism In The Brazilian Church, Guilherme Ribeiro De Paula

Doctor of Ministry

The Evangelical Church in Brazil has grown in power in the last two decades. This new situation has revealed a church that seeks to change culture through power, resulting in violence and a dispute for cultural hegemony. This dissertation asserts that a contemplative practice of the Eucharist can produce renewed understandings of the atonement and can reorient the church toward a culture of reconciliation. Following the theoretical framework of René Girard, this thesis claims that we are the ones who need violence and sacrifice, not God. If we are not satisfied with the Eucharist, we will search for false atonements …

Is There Any Relationship Between Child Labour, Crime Rates And Country Income Per Capita?, Cheick Wague, Nandakumar P. Warrier

International Review of Business and Economics

Child labour exists in varying degrees in virtually all countries aspiring to reach high income status. The prevalence of child labour and associated criminal activities have been portrayed in the 19th century novels of Charles Dickens, perhaps most vividly in the character ‘Fagin’ in the novel ‘Oliver Twist’. It seems clear that the early years of the industrial revolution in Britain gave rise to demand for increased child labour and also provided fertile ground for criminal activities. However, it is also evident from the experience of the high-income countries that the hallowed peaks of the development process witness an end …

Resolutions Without Resolve: Turning Away From Un Security Council Resolutions To Address Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, Emma K. Macfarlane

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

In 2008, the United Nations first recognized rape as a war crime with the passage of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1820. Since then, the fight against conflict-related sexual violence has become a frequent subject of Security Council Resolutions. But what, if anything, has changed? Wartime sexual violence is still prevalent today and shows no signs of slowing down. This Note argues that Security Council Resolutions are not an effective method to prevent conflict-related sexual violence. The procedural weaknesses in passing Security Council Resolutions and the structure of the Security Council itself may do more harm than good to the efforts …

Differentiating The Corporation: Accountability And International Humanitarian Law, David Hughes

Michigan Journal of International Law

Corporations are significant global actors that are continuing to gain international legal status. Regulatory efforts have closely followed persistent claims that various forms of corporate activity are adversely affecting individual welfare and societal objectives. Such observations are perhaps most acute during instances of armed conflict. The history of corporate misdeeds occurring within or contributing to the perpetuation of warfare is now well-documented. However, the relationship between international humanitarian law—the legal field governing the conduct of war—and corporations receives less attention than other areas of international law where the treatment of business entities have made important advancements. This article considers the …

Cmsi Archive Translation: Attack Of The “Iron Shark”—The Party Committee Of An Eastern Theater Command Navy Submarine Flotilla Focuses On Actual Combat To Bolster Its Ability To Prevail In Combat, Lian Wei, Zeng Ningning

CMSI Translations

Focusing on an Eastern Theater Command submarine flotilla, this report emphasizes "actual combat" as the fundamental standard for training. It describes rigorous drills where crews handle sudden equipment malfunctions—such as smoking valves or depth changes—to ensure they can operate effectively without panic under pressure. The article also discusses tactical innovation, such as counter-hunting surface ships, and the development of "mini-inventions" by crew members to solve technical bottlenecks.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Analysis Of Problems With Warship Damage Control Plans And Methods For Preparing Damage Control Plans, Jian Huajun, Zhu Haishi

CMSI Translations

This source provides a technical framework for preparing scientific and rational damage control plans aimed at maintaining a warship's "vitality". It critiques existing plans for being "divorced from reality" and calls for plans based on quantified risk assessments, such as precise flooding rates and fire extinguishing data. The authors advocate for a "planning–drilling–revising" cycle to ensure plans are simple, realistic, and streamlined for actual combat.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Construction Of Carriers For Strategic Power Projection In Response To National Security Needs, Liu Jiasheng, Sun Datong, Peng Fubing

CMSI Translations

This article explores the construction of "strategic power projection carriers" (ships, aircraft, and heavy road vehicles) necessary for the military to "go out" and protect overseas interests. It outlines a "triad" of organic military, national, and societal transportation resources to achieve rapid deployment. The piece sets near-, medium-, and long-term goals for developing technologies like high-speed RO-RO ships, heavy transport aircraft, and unmanned projection fleets.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Why Landing Operations Are Hard, Wang Guo, Wang Xiang

CMSI Translations

This theoretical analysis examines why amphibious operations are uniquely difficult, identifying command of the sea and air as absolute preconditions. It emphasizes that successful landings depend heavily on the meticulous choice of timing and location, as well as the ability to maintain "sustained logistical support" once forces are on the beachhead.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Countermeasures For Problems In Transport Service Support In Cross-Strait And Beach Landing, Chen Xuanyu, Ren Cong, Wang Fengzhong

CMSI Translations

This paper addresses the dual combat and logistical nature of transport support in island landings. It identifies challenges such as the "Malacca dilemma, " transparent battlefields, and the vulnerability of logistics hubs to precision strikes. Recommended countermeasures include strengthening the development of air-cushion landing craft and shipborne transport helicopters to enhance vertical landing capabilities.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Lessons From Foreign Submarine Rotation, Li Jianlin, Wang Ruichen, Xu Liming

CMSI Translations

Drawing on U.S. and Russian practices, this article explores how to increase the "at-sea presence" of SSBNs. It proposes a "far-seas rotation" model where crews are exchanged in the operating area using large support ships, thereby reducing transit time and maximizing the boat's effective duty time.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Approaches To Improving Support Capabilities For Dock-Less Unloading, Liu Baoxin, Dong Nan

CMSI Translations

Focusing on "logistics over-the-shore, " this article argues for improved "dock-less unloading" capabilities for when enemy ports are damaged. It proposes establishing organic military support units, reserve forces drawn from port engineering firms, and unmanned support forces to clear obstacles and transport materials. The authors emphasize the need for new-type elevated causeway systems and Ro-Ro lighters to operate in high sea state.

Cmsi Archive Translation: The Biggest Obstacle To Chinese Nuclear Submarines Going Out Into The Indian Ocean, Hei Jin

CMSI Translations

This analysis identifies the lack of overseas support points as the primary obstacle to Chinese nuclear submarine operations in the Indian Ocean. While acknowledging the Djibouti base, the author argues that the political and technical costs of supporting nuclear reactors there are high. The piece suggests that truly covert operations require "second tier" bases in remote regions like Tanzania or Madagascar to avoid international surveillance.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Deployment Of Petroleum, Oil, And Lubricant (Pol) Support Forces For Warship Formations Conducting Distant Ocean Operations, Wei Zhenkun, Liao Xiaowu, Zhao Suli, Guo Zhan

CMSI Translations

This article examines the deployment of Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant (POL) support forces as a "lifeline" for far-seas operations. It details a multi-layered deployment strategy involving rear shore-based depots, forward bases on remote islands or floating platforms, and maritime mobile replenishment formations. The authors advocate for "modularized free combinations" of storage and filling equipment to increase flexibility.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Serve Readiness And Warfighting, Promote Marine Environmental Construction, Xu Quanjun, Xie Zhimin

CMSI Translations

This report stresses that far-seas operations require "exquisite" marine environmental support, specifically hydrological and meteorological data. It calls for improved numerical forecasting for underwater "sensitive elements" like internal waves and eddies to support submarine positioning, underwater communications, and missile launches.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Mine Warfare Should Not Be Neglected, Huang Fengzhi

CMSI Translations

This article asserts that mine warfare should not be neglected because mines provide enduring, difficult-to-remove "strategic utility" in blockades and countering landings. It acknowledges a "fairly large gap" in Chinese MCM capabilities compared to global developments and calls for high priority on researching modern mine warfare systems.

Cmsi Archive Translation: An Examination Of The Use Of Civil Helicopters In Mine Countermeasure Operations, Zhang Wei, Zhang Xiuzhi, Wang Jiufa

CMSI Translations

This piece proposes the "COOP MCM" plan: using civilian helicopters and aircraft to conduct emergency mine clearing in wartime. It argues that helicopters are safer and faster than surface ships and that China's large inventory of civil helicopters (like the AC313) could be rapidly converted into MCM platforms using standardized, modular equipment.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Research On Combined Support For Torpedoes And Sea Mines, Jin Mudan, Lu Hui, Feng Shaowei, Chai Kai

CMSI Translations

This technical study researches "combined support" for torpedoes and mines to improve efficiency. Because these weapons share similar maintenance cycles, storage requirements, and personnel training needs, the authors argue for shared technical support areas to reduce construction costs and increase the speed of munitions supply during an informatized war.