Digital Commons Network^™

Discovering The Accuracy Of Popular Mobile Applications In Predicting Resting Energy Expenditure In Humans, Matthias Tinnin, Hannah John, Jessica Prather, Shay Smith, Christine Harrison, Rachel Robinson, Hunter Taylor, Steven Alvarez, Stacie Urbina, Javier A. Zaragoza, Ariane Secrest, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Calorie tracking applications are commonly used by athletes and the general population to monitor their nutritional intake. Users depend on the accuracy of these applications in order to achieve goals relating to performance or body composition. Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the minimum number of calories the body would need to maintain its function for a 24-hour period of non-activity and the largest component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Although these applications are trusted and used on a daily basis, there is little data to support or disprove their accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to …

Legal Reviews Of War Algorithms, Tobias Vestner, Altea Rossi

International Law Studies

States and scholars recognize legal reviews of weapons, means or methods of warfare as an essential tool to ensure the legality of military applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Yet, are existing practices fit for this task? This article identifies necessary adaptations to current practices. For AI-enabled systems that are used in relation to targeting, legal reviews need to assess the systems’ compliance with additional rules of international law, in particular targeting law under international humanitarian law (IHL). This article discusses the procedural ramifications thereof. The article further finds that AI systems’ predictability problem needs to be addressed by the technical …

Cyber And Tria: Expanding The Definition Of An "Act Of Terrorism" To Include Cyber Attacks, Nehal Patel

Duke Law & Technology Review

The 9/11 terrorist attacks brought on financial losses that caused insurers and Congress to reevaluate how the United States approaches terrorism risk coverage. Congress quelled concerns of insurers evading coverage of future terrorist attacks by enacting the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act in 2002. This Note considers the difficulties presented by the out-of-date language employed by Congress in 2002 and proposes amendments so that the Act more clearly covers acts of cyberterrorism, which are ever-growing in their destructive potential.

Preliminary Research On Verification And Validation For Cgf Behavioral Modeling, Jianbing Tang, Zhang Qi, Jiao Peng, Yabing Zha

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Building computer generated force model is a very important job in combat simulation. Its core content is modeling of complicated human behavior, including cognition behavioral modeling and physical behavioral modeling. The credibility is vital for behavioral model. Verification and validation (V&V) in all life circle of behavioral modeling can insure the credibility of behavioral model. On the basis of explaining V&V of behavioral modeling and other conceptions, the process model of behavioral modeling is proposed. The V&V process of CGF behavioral modeling is studied emphasizly. Many effective V&V methods for CGF behavioral modeling are explored.

This Is Minnesota: An Analysis Of Disparities In Black Student Enrollment At The University Of Minnesota Law School And The Effects Of Systemic Barriers To Black Representation In The Law, Maleah Riley-Brown, Samia Osman, Justice C. Shannon, Yemaya Hanna

Minnesota Law Review Headnotes, Vols. 94-106 (2009-2022)

Lawyers often occupy powerful positions in our society and can have a profound impact in designing and changing laws, influencing major policy regimes, and leading cities and communities. Further, the law is often lauded as a method to promote a system of justice and fairness. But for too long, the law has enforced a system of justice based in White supremacy and oppression. Laws were designed and implemented to steal land from indigenous communities, to enslave and oppress Africans, and to force Japanese-Americans into internment camps, amongst many other atrocities. To this day, the law is used to both expand …

07. Where Are The Women?: The Representation Of Gendered Wartime Violence At Abu Ghraib In U.S. Newspapers, Hyla Beachy, Brenda Savage

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In April of 2004, newspapers in the United States began to print stories unveiling the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. military personnel at Abu Ghraib, a prison in Iraq appropriated for use by the U.S. military. This study examines how a number of newspapers portrayed gender in relation to the abuses at Abu Ghraib and considers what these depictions may suggest about the public acceptance of wartime violence as it links to gender. Literature indicates that gender-based violence during conflict is primarily perpetrated against women, yet content analysis of articles related to Abu Ghraib in the top three national …

Planting Defamation In Arkansas: A Legal Historical Analysis Of The Development Of Defamation Laws In Arkansas During The 19th Century, Jessica Michelle Beel

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes the early defamation laws in Arkansas by the constitutions of Arkansas, the laws of Arkansas from 1812 to 1874, and Arkansas case law from 1812 to 1874 as concerning defamation, libel, and slander. This research shows how defamation, libel, and slander developed in Arkansas from early territorial periods to the end of the Reconstruction period. These laws were the foundations and the precedent for today’s defamation statutory and case laws in Arkansas, without these laws, it may be argued that defamation in Arkansas would have been decades behind the American legal system. This research advocates for the …

Divergent Strategies: A Legal History Of The Wto’S National Security Exception In The Context Of A Globalized Economy, 1983-2019, William J. Gardner Jr.

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

This student note provides a legal history of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) adjudication of “national security” disputes under Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The skeptical German historian Oswald Spengler noted, “History is direction—but Nature is extension—ergo everyone gets eaten by a bear.” Tracing the history of landmark GATT and WTO decisions from the 1983 US—Trade Measures Affecting Nicaragua case, this note weaves through the WTO’s relatively consistent reluctance to engage in domestic policy, detailing the WTO’s massive deviation from that policy in the 2019 Russia—Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit case. In doing so, …

Reimagining Move: Revolutionary Black Humanism And The 1985 Bombing, Joseph E. Cranston

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the extremist group, MOVE and its founder Vincent Leaphart (a.k.a John Africa) in the context of Revolutionary Black humanism, rather than simply a footnote in the tragic events of May 13, 1985. it explores MOVE's predecessors in the Black Panther movement, including The Black Panther Party and how these organizations and individuals might have influenced MOVE and their aims. In addition, ample examination is given to the role that systemic police brutality and racism, specifically within the Philadelphia Police department and city government played in the decisions that MOVE made as they attempted to create a community …

Bitterroot, Bitter History: Heritage Along The Nez Perce National Historic Trail, Emory Chandler Padgett

UM Graduate Student Research Conference (GradCon)

Stretching along more than 1,000 miles of dense forest, mountain passes, meandering rivers, and open prairie, the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (NPNHT) catalogs the events and impact of the Nez Perce War of 1877—a war that was transformational for the Nez Perce (Niimiipuu) people and white settlers across the inland northwest. The war’s history, which remains relevant today, is interpreted primarily through informative roadside signage. This signage, developed over decades, has accumulated in a confusing muddle of different narratives, values, and perspectives that is harmful to public learning and conceptions of heritage throughout the region. Heritage, which is the …

February 16, 2021 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Social Media User Relationship Framework (Smurf), Anne David, Sarah Morris, Gareth Appleby-Thomas

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

The use of social media has spread through many aspects of society, allowing millions of individuals, corporate as well as government entities to leverage the opportunities it affords. These opportunities often end up being exploited by a small percentage of the user community who use it for objectionable or unlawful activities; for example, trolling, cyber bullying, grooming, luring. In some cases, these unlawful activities result in investigations where swift retrieval of critical evidence required in order to save a life.

This paper presents a proof of concept (PoC) framework for social media user attribution. The framework aims to provide digital …

February 12, 2021 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Timeless Tales: Classics Books For Children, Christina A. Clark

Michigan Reading Journal

No abstract provided.

Cmsi Archive Translation: A Study Of Maritime Strategic Thoughts Of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, And Jiang Zemin, Liu Zhongmin

CMSI Translations

This article examines the foundational maritime thoughts of China's past leaders, illustrating a continuous strategic evolution that progressively expanded the navy's sphere of operations from "coastal defense" toward "near-seas defense"

Cmsi Archive Translation: Planning And Managing Maritime Affairs, Safeguarding Maritime Rights And Interests, And Building A Powerful Navy, Wu Shengli

CMSI Translations

Former PLAN Commander Admiral Wu Shengli reflects on the First Sino-Japanese War as a catastrophic failure of "ocean consciousness," arguing that constructing a powerful navy commensurate with a great power is an indispensable requirement for national rejuvenation

Cmsi Archive Translation: An Analysis Of The Necessity And Feasibility Of Strengthening Construction Of A Far Seas Navy, Fang Xiaozhi

CMSI Translations

Fang Xiaozhi analyzes the necessity and feasibility of building a far-seas navy to protect China's expanding global economic interests and secure vital sea lines of communication (SLOCs) and global maritime choke points

Cmsi Archive Translation: Science Of Military Strategy: Naval Strategy, Ams (Academy Of Military Science)

CMSI Translations

This authoritative text provides a comprehensive timeline of PLAN strategy, formalizing the expansion from "near-seas defense" to "near-seas defense, far-seas protection" and explicitly defining the navy's modern peacetime and wartime missions

Cmsi Archive Translation: Promote The Transformation Of Naval Strategy, Safeguard Maritime Security, Zhang Xiaolin, Cao Yang

CMSI Translations

This article details the 2015 Defense White Paper mandate for the navy to shift from "near seas defense" to a dual-layered strategy that integrates "near seas defense" with "far seas protection"

Cmsi Archive Translation: The Complexity Of The Maritime Military Struggle Calls For A Powerful Navy, Li Daguang, Ma Zheng

CMSI Translations

The authors discuss how the increasing complexity of maritime military struggle and the urgent requirement to protect overseas citizens and property drive the need for a modern, powerful navy capable of winning informationalized local wars

Cmsi Archive Translation: On The Navy’S Strategic Positioning In The New Era, Shi Cangyong, Chen Yan

CMSI Translations

This article outlines the navy's refined strategic positioning in the "New Era," specifically its mission to achieve “regional sea control and transoceanic projection” to safeguard core national interests within and beyond the first island chain

Cmsi Archive Translation: Excerpts From Introduction To Warship Technology And Design, Second Edition, Zhao Kaiwen, Ma Yunyi

CMSI Translations

This compilation explores the industrial "how" of naval development, highlighting the shift toward modular and digitized construction and "mass customization" to produce specialized vessels with greater speed and agility

Cmsi Archive Translation: Plan Research Priorities: Outstanding Doctoral And Master’S Thesis Finalists, People's Navy

CMSI Translations

This report identifies the PLAN’s specific research priorities—ranging from nuclear reactor characteristics to the operational use of nuclear submarines in carrier strike groups—through its outstanding academic thesis finalists

Cmsi Archive Translation: An Analysis Of China’S Maritime Development Strategy And Trends In Ship Development, Xie Wei, Lu Chao

CMSI Translations

The authors analyze how strategic goals, such as the need to “break through” island chain limitations, dictate hardware development trends and the requirement for integrated far-seas support systems

Cmsi Archive Translation: Though The Path Is Long, We Will Get There If We Walk, Though The Task Is Difficult, We Will Succeed If We Try, Xing Wenge

CMSI Translations

Xing Wenge emphasizes closing the capability gap with the U.S. Navy through “top-down design” and the development of network-centric equipment driven by real-combat requirements and systems engineering

Costs Of Ideologically Driven Conflicts A Case Of Nepal, Mukunda Raj Kattel

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

An armed conflict raged for a decade in Nepal between 1996 and 2006. It ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the parties to conflict: The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) (CPN-M) and the government of Nepal. Signed in November 2006, the CPA was in operation until 2015, when a constitution was adopted.

The CPN-M wanted to overthrow the Nepali State through a guerrilla warfare – which they called ‘people’s war’ – and establish a people’s republic. The government of the day designated the CPN-M as a terrorist organization and sought to defeat them militarily. The result was the …

#Reclaiming My Time: Structural Violence, Racial Trauma And The Case For A Transformative Healing Justice For Black Women Movement Actors, Shaneda L. Destine

Societies Without Borders

This research evaluates the intra-movement conflicts and political praxis of 30 black movement actors, ages 18-40 years old from September to December 2016, in the District of Columbia and Maryland in the United States (Crenshaw et al, 2015). Intersectional theory guides this research to outline the relationship of black women movement actors’ struggles within movement spaces and their approach to a transformative healing justice. Themes arise about intra-movement conflicts as well as the importance of self-care and political education. Evidence suggests a level of healing justice in some organizations, but less political education. Implications for social movement praxis are discussed.

Diminishing Global Power, Downgrading Human Rights: Making Sense Of American Foreign Policy Under Donald Trump, Timothy M. Gill

Societies Without Borders

President Donald Trump has generated much confusion concerning his foreign policy approach, and he has often displayed contradictory positions on an array of issues. Trump has, for example, praised authoritarian leaders in Eastern Europe, but condemned them in Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to make sense of Trump’s foreign policy approach, and its novelties and continuities, by putting his administration into comparative-historical focus alongside Bush II and Obama. I analyze their foreign policy approach by using Michael Mann’s IEMP model of power to draw out their distinctive qualities. Similar to Mann’s own analysis of Bush II, I …

Deportation As A Death Sentence: Equal Protection Violations In The Trump Administration's Termination Of Medical Deferred Action, Lauren Silk

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Sharpening Their Sword, On Course For Victory: An Account Of The Armament Department Of The East Sea Fleet Leveraging The Advantages Of The New System In Order To Improve Equipment Support Abilities, Chen Xiong, Chi Zumin, Liu Yuexiang, Wang Chunfeng, Dai Zongfeng, Yin Fei

CMSI Translations

This article details reforms within the East Sea Fleet’s Armament Department to adapt to expanding naval missions. It highlights a transition from pure hardware maintenance to a "soft and hard" support model that integrates technical repairs with submariner training and psychological confidence in their equipment. The piece also explores the benefits of a "factory conglomerate" model for more efficient repairs and the normalization of civil-military integration for specialized technical support.