Digital Commons Network^™

China-Africa Relations: The Northern Nigerian Textile Industry, Afolabi Toye

International Studies (MA) Theses

This project takes a critical look into China’s policy in Africa. The work assesses the significance and challenges of China-Africa cooperation focusing on Nigeria. The paper argued that analyzing the nexus between Beijing and Africa should not center on China’s investments and financial aid. Instead, it should reflect on the competitive hedge China enjoys through these investments in terms of direct access to each market sector of the African economy, and it impacts on local businesses. The study examines the impacts of China’s approach on the textile industry in Kano and Kaduna states in northern Nigeria, to provide an insight …

Effective Monitoring Of Diabetic Patients On Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic At Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania, Gudila Valentine Shirima, Paschal Ruggajo, Obadia Venance Nyongole, Francis Furia, Kimu Marko Njiku

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background:

Diabetic Kidney Disease is a complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) following the natural history of diabetes. Worldwide up to 40 % of patients with diabetes mellitus will develop Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines recommends monitoring for proteinuria, blood sugar, renal functions and blood pressure in the patients with DM so that progression to complications including renal failure is prevented. Our study aimed to audit on effective monitoring of progressive chronic kidney disease among patients attending diabetic clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital.

Material and methods:

This was a retrospective clinical audit which included patients who …

Smart Watch Detection Of Supraventricular Tachycardia (Svt): First Case From Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Omar Aziz, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Mustaafa Bapumia, Robert Mvungi, Salim Sarani

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Smartwatches like the Apple Watch have been on the rise worldwide and their use is gaining popularity in developing countries. Their ability to detect dysrhythmias is well documented. Present practice discourages the use of these devices as a diagnostic tool. Nevertheless, atypical findings from these devices should be clinically investigated. This case demonstrates an eventual diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) based on an Apple watch alert which was subsequently confirmed by electrophysiological evaluation.

Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Anti-Hcv Antibodies And Hiv And Knowledge Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic In Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study, Semvua B. Kilonzo, Daniel I. W Gunda, David C. Majinge, Hyasinta Jaka, Paulina M. Manyiri, Fredrick Kalokola, Grahame Mtui, Elichilia R. Shao, Fatma Bakshi, Alex Stephano

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.

Methods: We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.

Results: An overall …

Prevalence Of Incidental Prostate Carcinoma Among Patients Undergoing Turp For Benign Prostatic Enlargement, Isaac H. Mawalla, Masawa Nyamuryekung’E, Authar Ali, Aidan Njau, Philip Adebayo, Ali A. Zehri

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Incidental prostate cancer is detected by histological examination of resected biopsy tissue that has been previously diagnosed as benign. It has the potential for progressing to become a disease necessitating active treatment. There is paucity of data on detection of incidental prostate cancer in Tanzania. A study done in northern Tanzania among the urban public sector revealed an alarming detection rate of 21.71%. We aimed to establish the prevalence of incidental prostate cancer among men surgically treated for benign prostate enlargement with considered normal range of prostate specific antigen.

Methods: This was a retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted to …

Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning Chemistry Using Mobile Phone Simulations: A Case Of Two Secondary Schools In Dar Es Salaam Region., Ahmed Mbaruku Nyenga

Master of Education

Students’ attitudes have significant influence on their academic achievement in life. While at a younger age, they show keen interest towards scientific concepts, they grew in teenage years with a declining curiosity and will to take up science subjects. This has been due to abstract content overload for which a student needs sequential understanding as new concepts are built on older ones. Although technology has presented us with simulation applications in mobile phones, which would bring back the exciting nature of learning that children experienced with toys and video games at a tender age, efforts in terms of studies to …

Prevalence And Severity Of Malnutrition In People Living With Hiv On Chronic Haemodialysis In Dar Es Salaam., Hanifa Mbithe

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus is still a global burden more so in sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are important comorbid conditions that are prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. Patients who are HIV positive and on hemodialysis have triple risk factors for development of malnutrition (i.e. Human immunodeficiency virus, chronic kidney disease, and haemodialysis). Malnutrition greatly impacts these patient’s morbidity and mortality and thus the great need to address this gap which will improve their prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in people living with HIV on chronic …

Accessing School Content Using Multiple Languages In Early Childhood, Selina L.P. Mushi

Teacher Education Faculty Publications

This study examined use of multiple languages in learning school content in early childhood. Data were collected from 25 classrooms in five schools in Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Dar es Salaam regions in Tanzania. The data collection process included structured classroom observations of teacher-student interactions, parent questionnaire responses and interviews notes, and teacher interview notes. These sets were analyzed separately and then triangulated to determine convergence of the study findings. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 15.0) was used to summarize numerical data and to correlate variables (age, gender, number of languages spoken, school location and performance ratings by parents). …

Preserving The Knowledge Of Indigenous Primary Health Care Practitioners: A Case Study Of Practitioners And Librarians In The Mishing Community In Dhakuakhana (Assam), Anjuma Saikia As, Ranjeet Kumar Choudhary Rks

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The preservation of Indigenous knowledge of indigenous health practitioners is incredibly significant for society. The Indigenous health practitioners play a vital role in disseminating their service to the society. There are numerous studies have been conducted on the use of indigenous knowledge for various purposes, but this study is conducted to know the different preservation methods to preserve indigenous health care knowledge. In India Traditional Knowledge Digital Libraries take initiatives to preserve indigenous knowledge for future use. This study was conducted among 100 indigenous health practitioners and 70 rural librarians to know for what type of disease indigenous knowledge can …

Exploring How Formative Assessment Rubric Is Used In Schools To Support Teaching And Learning: A Case Study Of One Primary School In Kenya., Jacqueline Bahati Atak

Master of Education

Kenya implemented a new curriculum, CBC, due to the flaws experienced by the 8-4-4 system. The realization was made possible by borrowing ideas from countries with success anecdotes in CBC across the globe. A key component of the curriculum design book, the formative assessment rubrics, is a new concept especially in rural public primary schools, Kenya that have limited resources, infrastructure, and teachers. With just over five years of operation, opportunities and challenges are expected in its adoption. However, there is scant literature about the use of rubrics in primary schools in Kenya and therefore, this study sought to explore …

In The Name Of Public Health: Misoprostol And The New Criminalization Of Abortion In Brazil, Mariana Prandini Assis, Joanna Erdman

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This article explores the criminal regulation of misoprostol as a controlled drug in Brazil as a new form of abortion criminalization. A qualitative analysis of Brazilian case law shows how the courts use a public health rhetoric of unsafe abortion to criminalize the distribution of misoprostol in the informal sector. Rather than an invention of the local bench, this judicial rhetoric reflects global public health discourse and policy on unsafe abortion and the double life of misoprostol as both an essential medicine and a controlled drug. In contrast to previous studies, the article shows that abortion criminalization is not the …

Defying The Gendered Norm; A Case Of Girls’ Successful Enrollment, Participation And Achievement In Science Subjects In A Public Secondary School In Taita Taveta County, Kenya, Alice Machocho Mwang'ombe

Master of Education

The 21st century requires learners that are critical thinkers, problem solvers, creative and innovators. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) as a discipline demands logical thinking, engagement and exploration which results in the equipping of learners with these essential skills. In reality, however, STEM is perceived as difficult to master and in particular gender stereotyping prevail whereby science is constructed as male and masculine discipline. Research on women and STEM primarily reports women in science from a negative stance, from negative perception to science or high prevalence of gender stereotypes that affect female access to science. These studies uphold a …

Exploring The Use Of Gamification In The Teaching And Learning Of English Grammar In A Private Secondary School Classroom In Mombasa County, Lydia Nasike Nabangi

Master of Education

Grammar is fundamental to language. Historically, approaches to teaching English grammar have undergone many changes. However, there is much disagreement as to the effectiveness of different approaches for teaching English grammar to learners since they view English grammar as boring. The world of education is today confronted with the demands of instilling digital literacy and twenty-first-century skills to all learners to function properly in the emerging fourth industrial revolution. Embracing gamification is unavoidable, especially with the emergence of millennials, whose lives are greatly influenced by digital technology and who prefer to study in a fun, engaging, and motivating environment. Thus, …

Exploring The Role Of Literature In English Second Language Acquisition To Promote Speaking Competencies: A Case Of Public Secondary Schools In Moshi Rural – District., Violet Magessa William

Master of Education

The ever-changing demands of English second language learning have impacted many language scholars to find ways that will best address the teaching of English as a second language. The shifting demands require powerful English language teaching approaches that require interactive; learner-centered techniques that transform knowledge into powerful but adaptive forms that can address the lofty demands of the modern classroom. This study, therefore, aimed at finding intervention on English language acquisition in developing learners' comprehensive speaking skills by utilizing literature as a pedagogical resource, it has driven interest among scholars who pioneer its usefulness for possessing a communicative language approach …

Conflict Management Approaches Practiced By Public Heads Of Secondary Schools And Teachers In Hai District, Daniel Samwel Maeda

Master of Education

This study examined the conflict management approaches practiced by heads of schools, teachers, and student leaders in Hai District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. The study's objectives were to examine secondary school heads' skills and knowledge in conflict resolution, to examine school heads' conflict resolution approaches, and assess the effectiveness of school heads' conflict resolution strategies. The study employed a qualitative approach, with data gathered through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and document analysis. Three different school heads, as well as three discipline teachers, were interviewed. The FGD included six student leaders, two from each of the three schools. The document analysis …

The Use Of The Flipped Classroom Approach In The Teaching Of English In A Public Secondary School In Nairobi County, Kenya: An Action Research Study, Ovin Nyakango Nyarango

Master of Education

Flipped Classroom approach is a new pedagogic approach that leverages educational technology to replace passive learning, which is commonly associated with lecture method of teaching, with active learning, in which students are responsible for producing meaning and finding connections using the content supplied outside of the classroom. The purpose of this action research was to see how the flipped classroom may be used to teach and learn English at a Kenyan public secondary school. Data was collected through document analysis, semi structured interviews, focus group discussions, reflective conversations and lesson observations. Findings from the study indicate that using of the …

Exploring The Use Of Concrete Materials In Teaching And Learning Of Fractions In Grade Three: A Case Study Of A Public Primary School In Homa-Bay County, Kenya, Ouma Patrick Okoth

Master of Education

Learners who struggle with mathematics may have difficulties in comprehending the core ideas in mathematics. The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) instructional sequence of teaching allows teachers to assist pupils in making sense of numbers and the mathematical concepts they represent. The use of concrete materials is critical in the teaching of mathematics to young children; they are the major instruments that early childhood teachers use to train young learners in their mathematics classes today. To encourage the use of concrete materials in mathematics instruction, this research investigates how mathematics teachers use concrete materials in the teaching and learning of mathematics, as well …

Exploring Classroom Assessment Practices And Their Impact On Preservice Teachers Self-Efficacy In A Selected Primary Teachers’ College, Uganda., Faith Bisikwa

Master of Education

The masterpiece of quality teachers is self-efficacy. Tutors' classroom assessment competence and attitude towards assessment abilities, strengthen the realm of definite type of self-efficacy among preservice teachers. Classroom Assessment Practices bear constructive effect on Preservice Teachers' self–efficacy. This study aimed at exploring classroom assessment practices and their impact on preservice teachers' self-efficacy in a selected Primary Teachers' College in Uganda. A descriptive qualitative method and case study design was employed. Purposeful and strategic sampling methods were used to select 13 participants (7 tutors and 6 preservice teachers). However, 9 participants participated in this study (5 tutors and 4 preservice teachers). …

Roundabout - How The United States Government Creates Cyclical Terrorism As It Responds To Domestic And Foreign Terrorism, Sarah Selch Andrews

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Terrorism is frequently studied as a linear transaction between actors, usually a government and one or more extremists of some sort, be they individuals or groups. The focus in this thesis is on the United States government and international jihadist extremists, specifically Al-Qaeda, a conflict which often is covered in one of two ways: extremist action is the provocation and government policy (up to and including military engagement) is the reaction, or alternatively, foreign policy is the initiating action and what we call "terrorism" is merely a response.

This paper argues that neither approach is sufficient and proposes a model …

Effects Of Nonnative Phonotactic Constraints On The Perception Of Nasal-Initial Consonant Clusters, Msafiri Otonya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the effects of non-native phonotactic constraints on the perception of nasal-initial consonant clusters (NICC), specifically whether native English speakers can perceive NICC as accurately as native Swahili speakers. The ABX task was conducted over Zoom to test L1 English speakers (N=12) and L1 Swahili speakers (N=12). Stimuli with four conditions were used: 1) The stimuli had one of the three nasal sounds (/m/, /n/, and /?/) in word-initial consonant clusters; 2) The stimuli had NICC composed of a nasal sound followed by either a voiced or voiceless consonant; 3) The consonant clusters were composed of sounds that …

The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Catalyst For Creativity And Collaboration For Online Learning And Work-Based Higher Education Systems And Processes, Tashmin Khamis, Azra Naseem, Anil Khamis, Pammla Petrucka

Office of the Provost

The purpose of this research is to focus on work-based problems catalysed by the COVID-19 global pandemic, based on a case study of a multi-continental, multi-campus university distributed across Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Pakistan. Higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing countries lacked pre-existing infrastructure to support online education and/or policy and regulatory frameworks during the pandemic. The university's programmes in Pakistan and East Africa provide lessons to other developing countries' HEIs. The university's focus on teaching and learning and staff development has had a transformational organisational effect.

Students’ Perception About Institutional Repository And Impact Of Electronic Contents On Their Research: A Pakistani Perspective, Muhammad Safdar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This manuscript aims to investigate the students’ opinion about the Institutional Repository (IR) and the participants’ opinion about the impact of e- resources on their research work. Quantitative research design was employed to collect the data about students’ perception regarding IR and qualitative research design was utilized to explore the students’ opinion about the impact of e-resources on their research work. A questionnaire and an interview guide were utilized to collect the data. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from two well-renowned Pakistani universities’ students. Total 84% of the respondents responded the questionnaire regarding their perception …

Awareness And Utilisation Of Psyarxiv For The Dissemination Of Research Preprints Among Psychology Scholars In Universities, Abigail Edem Okon, Isaac Ofem Ubi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed the extent to which scholars in the field of Psychology are aware and utilise the PsyarXiv preprint server for the communication of research materials before eventual publication. The study was guided by three specific research questions. The descriptive survey research design was employed by the researcher. Considering the manageable number of participants in the population, a census was conducted. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed by the researcher and titled “Awareness and Utilisation of PsyarXiv Questionnaire (AUPQ). The instrument was tested for reliability using Cronbach alpha and the test yielded acceptable values for an internally consistent …

Psychological Distress Prevalence And Associated Stressors And Supports Among Urban-Displaced Congolese Adults In Kenya, Julie A. Tippens, Holly Hatton-Bowers, Ryan Honomichl, Lorey Wheeler, Helen M. Miamidian, Kirstie L. Bash, Michelle C Howell Smith, Dulo Nyaoro, J. Joshua Byrd, Samuel E. Packard, Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Background: There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries.

Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress.

Results: More than half of the …

Comparative Biogeography And The Evolution Of Population Structure For Bottlenose And Common Dolphins In The Indian Ocean, Howard W.I. Gray, Ing Chen, André E. Moura, Ada Natoli, Shin Nishida, Shinsuke Tanabe, Gianna Minton, Louisa S. Ponnampalam, Muhammad S. Kiani, Ross Culloch, Mauvis Gore, Anna Särnblad, Omar Amir, Per Berggren, Tim Collins, Andrew J. Willson, Robert Baldwin, A. Rus Hoelzel

All Works

Aim: In the marine environment, where there are few physical boundaries to gene flow, there is often nevertheless intraspecific diversity with consequences for effective conservation and management. Here, we compare two closely related dolphin species with a shared distribution in the Indian Ocean (IO) to better understand the biogeographic drivers of their population structure. Location: Global oceans and seas with a focus on the Indian Ocean. Taxon: Tursiops sp. and Delphinus sp. Methods: Bayesian, ordination, assignment, statistical and phylogenetic analyses to assess phylogeography, connectivity and population structure using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA genetic markers. Results: Both Tursiops sp. and Delphinus …

Media Viability In Tanzania, Aga Khan University

Graduate School of Media and Communications

The media landscape in Tanzania is diverse and vibrant. This diversity as of March, 2020 included 183 radio stations, 43 TV stations, 229 newspapers and magazines in mainland Tanzania (Katunzi & Spurk, 2020) and 22 blogs and online news sites. In recent times, internet penetration has grown to 37.60 percent in the country (Internet World Stats, 2020), further diversifying information sources in the country.

Thinking Outside Malaria: A Rare Case Of Disseminated Cysticercosis With Cardiopulmonary Involvement From Urban Tanzania, Frederick R. Lyimo, Ahmed Jusabani, Hilda Makungu, Maria Mtolera, Salim Surani

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Dissemination of the cysticerci throughout the body with cardiopulmonary involvement represents a very rare occurrence and an uncommon form of cysticercosis manifestation. We report a rare case of a 48-yearold African male from urban Tanzania who was, at first, referred to our radiology department for a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), but incidentally on further evaluation of the patient revealed a history of recurrent convulsions, loss of consciousness, a single episode of temporary loss of vision and recent skin nodules. The value of a full clinical and radiological evaluation of the patient presenting with adult-onset seizures cannot be overemphasized for …

The Reality Of Succession Planning Under The Retirement Law No. (26) Of 2019 / Applied Research In The Medical City, Atheer Tahseen Ali, Ghani Dahham Al Zubaidi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This research aims to know the reality of succession planning in the researched organization and how it occupies the important jobs in the organization and its readiness for sudden and urgent events that lead to the vacancy of these jobs, and the importance of this research is that it is one of the rare Arab and Iraqi studies and research in this field, as it is one of the first researches It deals with the reality of succession planning in light of the retirement law No. (26) of 2019, and the research problem was the absence of consecutive planning programs …

A Rare Case Of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Of The Pancreas, Steven Michael, Nadeem Kassam, Aidan Njau, Omar A. Sherman, Harrison Chuwa, Salim Surani

General Surgery, East Africa

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas (SPN) is a rare entity. It is almost exclusively seen in females within the second and third decades of life with only small minority affecting children. Due to the paucity of the number of cases seen, the natural history of the disease is not fully understood. SPN tumors of the pancreas are usually found incidentally and usually have an excellent prognosis. We herein present a case of a 33-year-old lady diagnosed with SPN, who presented with abdominal fullness, two weeks post cesarean sectio

ข้อคิดบางประการเกี่ยวกับแนวทางพัฒนากระบวนการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน โดยอาศัยวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ย, ศฤงคาร วิเชียรรัตน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัญหาของการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน หลักการสำคัญและแนวทางการนำวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาทมาใช้ในการระงับ ข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน จากหนังสือและบทความวิชาการต่าง ๆ เพื่อวิเคราะห์ประเด็นในทางกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศที่น่าสนใจหากนำการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาทมาเสริม เพื่อพัฒนากลไกการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน โดยจากการศึกษาพบว่า การนำวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยในเชิงอำนวยความสะดวก (facilitative mediation) มาใช้อย่างเหมาะสม กับลักษณะของข้อพิพาทจะช่วยพัฒนากลไกการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุนให้ดีขึ้นได้ เนื่องจากการไกล่เกลี่ยจะช่วยลดปัญหาสำคัญที่เกิดขึ้นในกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน เช่น ปัญหาเกี่ยวกับการแต่งตั้งอนุญาโตตุลาการ ปัญหาการได้รับการสนับสนุนทางการเงินจากบุคคลภายนอก ปัญหาเกี่ยวกับระยะเวลาและค่าใช้จ่าย เป็นต้น ทั้งนี้ เพื่อให้ประเทศไทยสามารถเตรียมการรองรับพัฒนาการทางกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศต่อไปได้ ผู้วิจัยจึงมีข้อเสนอแนะให้ประเทศไทยมีการเสริมสร้างขีดความสามารถ และความตระหนักรู้ให้กับผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง การปรับปรุงกฎหมายว่าด้วยการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท รวมถึงการเข้าเป็นภาคีอนุสัญญาสิงคโปร์ว่าด้วยการไกล่เกลี่ยและการปรับปรุง แม่แบบสนธิสัญญาการลงทุนทวิภาคีของไทยที่มีการบรรจุวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยไว้เป็นแนวทางในการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน