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The Relevance Of Collection Development Policy In The Collection Development Of Maranatha University College And Ghana Christian University College Libraries, Afua Frempong-Kore

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study was conducted to determine the relevance of collection development policies in some private academic libraries in Ghana with Maranatha University College and Ghana Christian University College as the case study. The study adopted a case study design and used a qualitative method in its examinations. A self-designed interview schedule was used to solicit information from the staff in the two libraries. The study participants included two (2) head librarians who are all professionals and four (4) para-professional librarians. The face-to-face interview method was employed as a data collection instrument for this study– content analysis was used to analyse …

Using Mobile Phones To Improve Young People Sexual And Reproductive Health In Low And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review To Identify Barriers, Facilitators, And Range Of Mhealth Solutions, Anam Shahil Feroz, Naureen Akber Ali, Adeel Khoja, Armish Asad, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Globally, reproductive health programs have used mHealth to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and services to young people, through diverse communication channels. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the mHealth programs targeted to improve young people SRH in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to identify a range of different mHealth solutions that can be used for improving young people SRH in LMICs and highlight facilitators and barriers for adopting mHealth interventions designed to target SRH of young people.
Methods: Databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and grey literature were searched …

Star Wars: Attack Of The Anti-Satellite Weapons In Anticipatory Self-Defense, Joshua La Bella

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Gendered Movement Ecology And Landscape Use In Hadza Hunter-Gatherers, Brian M. Wood, Jacob A. Harris, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Katherine Sayre, Amelia Sancilio, Colette Berbesque, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Audax Mabulla, Richard Mcelreath, Elizabeth Cashdan, James Holland Jones

Anthropology Faculty Research

Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender differences should arise in a hunter-gatherer context. As predicted, we find that men walked further per day, explored more land, followed more sinuous paths and were more likely to be alone. These data are consistent …

High Prevalence Of Pre-Existing Serological Cross-Reactivity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars-Cov-2) In Sub-Saharan Africa, For Yue Tso, Salum J. Lidenge, Phoebe B. Peña, Ashley A. Clegg, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Owen Ngalamika, Peter Julius, John T. West, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Objective: Significant morbidity and mortality have occurred in the USA, Europe, and Asia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the numbers of infections and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have remained comparatively low. It has been hypothesized that exposure of the population in SSA to other coronaviruses prior to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some degree of cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples collected from SSA and the USA.

Method: Pre-COVID-19 pandemic plasma samples from SSA and the USA were collected and tested by …

The Future Of Global Interventional Radiology, Austin-Marley Windham-Herman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Interventional Radiology (IR) has become an integral component of modern, developed healthcare systems. The minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that the field offers are highly effective and often lead to significantly less morbidity than alternative surgical options. The growth of IR globally is in an early phase; however, patients and healthcare systems stand to benefit from its rapid expansion and integration around the world.

Globally, billions of people are without access to safe surgery and diagnostic imaging. However, the democratization of radiology resources such as portable ultrasound and low-cost medical devices is making IR more accessible than ever before. Global healthcare …

Three Essays On Interactions Between Poverty And Natural Resources, Mattana Wongsirikajorn

Open Access Dissertations

Using natural resources sustainably while reducing poverty is one of the greatest global challenges, especially in developing countries where rural communities rely on natural resources for their livelihood. In this dissertation, I examine the interactions between poverty and natural resource depletions in the coastal communities of Tanzania. Chapter 1 explores the effects of subsidies and social nudges on collective action by resource users and whether extrinsic motivation crowd out intrinsic motivation for those actions. The results from a framed field experiment conducted in coastal communities in Tanzania reveal that while the subsidies and social nudges themselves motivate the resource users …

The Impact Of Introducing Ambulance And Delivery Fees In A Rural Hospital In Tanzania, Corinna Vossius, Estomih Mduma, Robert Moshiro, Paschal Mdoe, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Hussein Kidanto, Sara Lyanga, Hege Ersdal

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Access to health care facilities is a key requirement to enhance safety for mothers and newborns during labour and delivery. Haydom Lutheran Hospital (HLH) is a regional hospital in rural Tanzania with a catchment area of about two million inhabitants. Up to June 2013 ambulance transport and delivery at HLH were free of charge, while a user fee for both services was introduced from January 2014. We aimed to explore the impact of introducing user fees on the population of women giving birth at HLH in order to document potentially unwanted consequences in the period after introduction of fees. …

Validation Of The Swahili Version Of The International Prostate Symptom Score At A Private, Nonprofit General Hospital In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Miten Patel, Masawa Klint, Philip Adebayo, Authar Ali, Jasmit Shah, Ali Akbar Zehri

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

Accuracy in translating the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) into different languages is essential to ensure that it is comparable to the original version and acceptable to the target population. We aimed to develop and validate a Swahili version of the IPSS (sIPSS).

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 53 patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms to the Aga Khan Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from April through December 2018. We enrolled 53 patients with confirmed benign prostatic hypertrophy and 32 control patients with suspected or confirmed urolithiasis. We assessed the face validity and discriminative validity …

Exploring Stakeholders’ Views On The Implementation Of The Re-Entry Policy Of 1994 On Teenage Mothers: A Case Study Of A Mixed Public Secondary School In Kisumu East Sub-County., Jane Aoko Ogola

Master of Education

School girls in Kenya face myriad challenges among them teenage pregnancy. In 1994, the Kenyan government introduced the re-entry policy to give girls who get pregnant a chance to return to school after delivery to finish their schooling. Even after the introduction of the re-entry policy, many girls who fall pregnant do not return to school after they give birth. This study sought to explore the views of the stakeholders on the implementation of the Re-entry Policy of 1994. The study was carried out in one mixed day secondary school in Kisumu East Sub-County. Qualitative case study was used. Data …

Comparative Study On The Effect Of Precursors On The Morphology And Electronicproperties Of Cds Nanoparticles, Kevin I. Y. Ketchemen, Sixberth Mlowe, Linda D. Nyamen, Peter T. Ndifon, Neerish Revaprasadu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Cadmium dithiocarbamate and cadmium ethyl xanthate complexes were synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. The complexes were employed as molecular precursors for the fabrication of CdS nanoparticles in hexadecylamine (HDA) and oleylamine (OLA) at a temperature of 250 °C. Spherical and oval shaped particles with sizes ranging from 9.93 ± 1.89 to 16.74 ± 2.78 nm were obtained in OLA while spherical, oval and rod shaped particles with sizes ranging from 9.40 ± 1.65 to 29.90 ± 5.32 nm were obtained in HDA. Optical properties of the nanoparticles showed blue shifts as compared …

Local People’S Perceptions Of Benefits And Costs Of Protected Areas: The Case Of Tarangire National Park And The Surrounding Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania, Felix J. Mkonyi

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

A

A better understanding of the benefits and costs of conservation to people living adjacent to protected areas is fundamental to balancing their conservation goals and needs. This study, based in the Tarangire-Simanjiro ecosystem, explored the costs, benefits and attitudes of local people living adjacent to Tarangire National Park in northern Tanzania. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 respondents which were randomly selected from the ‘population’ of 300 respondents used previously for the main survey. Results indicate mixed responses towards protected areas. The majority of respondents held positive attitudes toward the park (56.7%) and park staff (63.3%) but had negative …

Labor-Power As It’S Found: Surplus Labor And Development Initiatives In Revolutionary Zanzibar, Adam Benjamin

Munn Scholars Awards

This essay will explore the power dynamics between the state and these new workers in early-independence Zanzibar, drawing on interviews and surveys conducted on the island. It begins with the colonial background, analyzing how the British created semi-proletarianized and transient classes to facilitate market production. Then, I will explore how the developmental regime took over hollowed out colonial institutions and used surplus labor to fulfill their ambitions, which will be followed by a social history of working conditions for these laborers. Next, I take a brief look at land reform movements and instabilities in this political economy, and conclude by …

Use Of Songs In Teaching And Learning Ionic Bonds: A Case Of A Secondary School In Vihiga County, Kenya, Daniel Omollo Odhiambo

Master of Education

Factoring learner engagement during chemistry lessons is key if conceptual understanding is an objective. In Kenya however, the gradual decline in chemistry mean scores, coupled with evidence from studies, reveal disengagement in chemistry among learners. One of the most cited causes of this disengagement is the domineering teacher-centred teaching pedagogy. This action research studied how science content songs can be used to enhance engagement and interest in ionic bonding among high school learners in Kenya. The study, which was conducted in a mixed double-streamed secondary school, involved two collaborating teachers and 65 students, out whom, 8 participated in a focus …

Exploring Ict Adoption In Teaching And Learning Of Science: A Case Of Senior Teachers In Homa-Bay Sub County, Kenya, David Ochieng Odhiambo

Master of Education

The high potential conferred to ICT in the 21st century has necessitated its integration in teaching and learning of science. The COVID 19 endemic has even increased the need to embrace ICT to reach learners away from educational institutions. Technological skills are necessary to solve daily life problems in this digital age. Many literatures have depicted age as positively correlated with ICT adoption. It is imperative that all teachers irrespective of age employ ICT to effectively enhance transfer of knowledge. This study, anchored on diffusion innovation theory, examined adoption of ICT among senior science teachers, aged 45 years and above, …

Exploring Tutors’ Pedagogical Practices In The Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics Education: A Case Of Three Primary Teachers’ Colleges In Eastern Uganda., Geofrey Mabonga

Master of Education

The major purpose of this study was to explore tutors pedagogical practices in the teaching and learning of mathematics education in primary teachers colleges in Uganda. This study employed qualitative research approach. That being the case, Qualitative approach was based upon the interpretive constructivist underpinnings whose aim was to explain the phenomenon from the subjective reasoning based on participants’ opinions, realities, meanings, attitudes, and motivations that lie behind their social behaviour. This study used case study research design. A total of twelve (12) respondents participated in this study. These included six (6) Mathematics Tutors and six (6) Student teachers. Tutors …

Exploratory Study On The Teaching Of Reading In Lower Primary Classes: A Case One Government Primary School In Kocheka Sub County, Uganda., Kulwenza Rachael

Master of Education

Reading is an important aspect of the literacy development of children in the early years of education. Studies have indicated that if children are not given a strong foundation of basics of reading at early stages, it is probable that they might fail to read in the later stages. Therefore, study aimed at exploring the teaching of reading in lower primary classes in one public primary school in Kocheka sub-county, Uganda. It was a single case study that adopted a qualitative research approach targeting six teachers, two from every lower class, one head teacher, and one District Inspector of Schools …

Exploring Teachers’ Questioning Practices During Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics: A Case Study Of A Secondary School In Taita Taveta County, Kenya, Caroline M. Makato

Master of Education

This study explored teachers’ questioning practices during teaching and learning of mathematics in form two: a case of a secondary school in Mwatate sub-county, Kenya. Despite the importance attached to questioning in causing class interactions and stimulating mathematical thinking, questioning may be underutilized during teaching and learning mathematics. Studies on teachers questioning practices seem to have also been neglected in the Kenyan context. This gap in mathematics pedagogy was the focus of the study. The study aimed at establishing the level of questions teachers ask during teaching and learning mathematics, the characteristic features of mathematics teachers’ questioning practices and the …

Enhancing Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills Using Multimodality In A Form Two Classroom In A Public Secondary School In Taita Taveta County: An Action Research., Lilian Mandilla

Master of Education

In the recent past, rapid technological advancements coupled with the increasing learner diversity as a result of social, economic, political, and cultural factors have completely altered the meaning process. The use of multiple representations of educational content would therefore, appropriate these learner differences and the multiplicity of text. A considerable body of knowledge indicates that multimodality provides affordance to multiple means of representation, expression, perception, and engagement thus promoting active learning. Numerous studies in the English language continue to indicate that multimodality is used in the teaching and learning of varied aspects of the English language. Based on other studies …

The Role Of Street-Level Bureaucrats In The Implementation Of The 100% Transition Policy For Deaf Students: A Case Of Principals In Secondary Schools For The Deaf In Kenya, Geoffrey Owino Ochieng

Master of Education

The designing and passing of a good policy do not guarantee the intended success if the execution at the end of the policy’s chain is not oriented towards the proposed objective. The success or failure of an education policy can be attributed to the modus operandi preferred by the principals who are charged with the responsibility of the implementation task at the end of the policy chain, given the role the principals play as the government agent and their proximity to the policy’s clientele. The 100% transition policy ought to boost all children including deaf students' access to quality and …

Accessibility Of Mathematics Examinations To Students With Hearing Impairment: A Case Study Of A School For The Deaf In Nyeri County-Kenya, Peter Mwangi Kabethi

Master of Education

The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which mathematics examinations are accessible to students with HI. The study adopted a qualitative approach via a case study design. The participants included the principal, Head of the mathematics department, teachers, and students from Clifftop school for the deaf. Purposive sampling was used to select the 5 students with HI and 3 mathematics teachers. Data was collected through focus group discussion (FGD) with students and teachers separately and classroom observation. In addition, the principal and the head of the mathematics department were interviewed to ascertain the general accessibility of …

Exploring How The Head Teachers As Street-Level Bureaucrats Influence The Implementation Of Competency-Based Curriculum In Kenya., Gordon Odhiambo Okumu

Master of Education

Policy reform initiatives in Kenya, including educational policy reforms, fail to achieve their intended objectives. Written and intended policies are of excellent standards, but they fail to achieve their goals because of implementation pitfalls. The purpose of this study was to explore how the headteachers as Street-Level Bureaucrats (SLB) influence the implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) policy. The study employed a case study approach for in-depth inquiry of the problem. A concurrent mixed-method design where the researcher collected both QUAL and Quan data for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe quantitative data while narrative thematic and descriptions for qualitative …

Effectiveness Of Hands-On Activities To Develop Chemistry Learners’ Curiosity In Community Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Esther Kibga, John Sentongo, Emanuel Gakuba

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Learners’ curiosity is among the affective domains of learning that has a great potential to take learning to higher levels and meet the demands of the 21st-century teaching and learning process. This paper assesses how hands-on activities performed using learning materials from learners’ immediate environment can enhance learners’ curiosity in chemistry lessons. Observing students’ hands-on activities during chemistry lessons enabled researchers to monitor the development and expression of curiosity in the actual learning environment. The study involved 169 senior three chemistry students purposively selected from three intact science classes in three community secondary schools from Dar es salaam, Tanzania. We …

Exploring Teachers’ Use Of The Inquiry-Based Framework In Teaching English Language In The International Baccalaureate Programme: A Case Of A Private Primary School, In Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania., Shazma Mehboob Jaffer

Master of Education

Inquiry-based learning is a lauded approach in the teaching of English language. However, studies based on some IB PYP Schools indicate that teachers still face challenges in the teaching of English, using the inquiry approach, whereas learners face difficulties in reading, writing and problem solving. This case study, therefore, explored how English teachers used the inquiry-based framework in the teaching of English language at the IB PYP School, in Tanzania. Six teachers from Grade one to six along with the former PYP Coordinator participated in this study. The data collection methods used included interviews, observations and document analysis. Data from …

Exploring How Teachers Deal With Students’ Errors In Mathematics: A Case Of A Secondary School In Siaya County, Kenya., John Robert Owala Ouko

Master of Education

Making errors in mathematics during learning by students is a common occurrence in our classrooms. Errors signal gaps in students’ understanding, competencies or knowledge that require to be addressed. Teachers employ a wide range of approaches to identify these gaps to provide interventions. The purpose of this study was to explore how teachers deal with students’ errors in mathematics during teaching and learning inside and outside the classroom in a secondary school in Siaya County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to understand how teachers identify, communicate and follow up on students’ errors and the challenges that teachers faced while following …

Performance In Mortality Prediction Of Saps 3 And Mpm-Iii Scores Among Adult Patients Admitted To The Icu Of A Private Tertiary Referral Hospital In Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Nadeem Kassam, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Omar Aziz, James Orwa, Salim Surani

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Illness predictive scoring systems are significant and meaningful adjuncts of patient management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). They assist in predicting patient outcomes, improve clinical decision making and provide insight into the effectiveness of care and management of patients while optimizing the use of hospital resources. We evaluated mortality predictive performance of Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) and Mortality Probability Models (MPM0-III) and compared their performance in predicting outcome as well as identifying disease pattern and factors associated with increased mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to the ICU of …

F-Wave Parameters And Body Mass Index In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Philip Adebayo, Rose E. Mwakabatika

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) readily lends itself to both clinical and electrophysiological recognition. The uncertainty sometimes is in identifying and quantifying motor involvement in mild and, perhaps, in moderate CTS. Our study aimed to evaluate F responses in mild and moderate CTS and determine the contribution of BMI to the F-wave parameters.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical and electrophysiological data of patients with CTS seen at the clinical neurophysiology laboratory of Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, between 1 August 2017 and 31 July 2019 was retrieved. Carpal tunnel syndrome was graded according to the …

Major Pests Of African Indigenous Vegetables In Tanzania And The Effects Of Plant Nutrition On Spider Mite Management, Jackline Kendi Mworia

All Master’s Theses

Pest status of insect pests is dynamic. In East Africa, there is scanty information on pests and natural enemy species of common African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs). To determine the identity and distribution of pests and natural enemies in amaranth, African nightshade and Ethiopian kale as well as pest damage levels, a survey was carried out in eight regions of Tanzania. Lepidopteran species were the main pests of amaranth causing 12.8% damage in the dry season and 10.8% in the wet season. The most damaging lepidopteran species were S.recurvalis, U. ferrugalis, and S. litorralis. Hemipterans, A. fabae, A. crassivora, and M.persicae …

Learning From Changes Concurrent With Implementing A Complex And Dynamic Intervention To Improve Urban Maternal And Perinatal Health In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, 2011-2019, Brenda Sequeira Dmello, Ziada Sellah, Grace Magembe, Natasha Housseine, Nanna Maaløe, Thomas Van Den Akker, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, Timothy Mushi, Mangalu Masweko, Dorcas Jidayi, Jos Van Roosmalen, Hussein Kidanto

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Introduction Rapid urbanisation in Dar es Salaam, the main commercial hub in Tanzania, has resulted in congested health facilities, poor quality care, and unacceptably high facility-based maternal and perinatal mortality. Using a participatory approach, the Dar es Salaam regional government in partnership with a non-governmental organisation, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania, implemented a complex, dynamic intervention to improve the quality of care and survival during pregnancy and childbirth. The intervention was rolled out in 22 public health facilities, accounting for 60% of the city’s facility births.

Methods Multiple intervention components addressed gaps across the maternal and perinatal continuum of …

Midwives’ Strategies For Coping With Barriers To Providing Quality Maternal And Neonatal Care: A Glaserian Grounded Theory Study, Yakubu Ismaila, Sara Bayes, Sadie Geraghty

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Midwives face direct and indirect barriers in their workplaces that have negative consequences on their ability to provide quality care to women and neonates, however, they still carry on with their duties. This study aimed at investigating the coping strategies that Ghanaian midwives adopt to be able to complete their work. Methods: Glaserian Grounded theory was used in this study. Data were collected through non-participant observations and semi-structured interviews. The study participants included 29 midwives who worked in labour/birthing environments and a pharmacist, a social worker, a national Health Insurance Scheme manager and a health services manager. Findings: The …