Digital Commons Network^™

Smartphone Use In Financial Management Among Women’S Informal Saving Groups In Dodoma, Tanzania, Madina H. Juma, Jarkko Suhonen, Nasibu Rajabu Mramba, Matti Tedre, Alsen F. Kapinga

The African Journal of Information Systems

Diffusion of smartphone technology has created multiple opportunities for economic development. This research investigated the use of smartphones in financial management among women’s informal saving groups in Dodoma, Tanzania. Qualitative data were collected from 10 groups, derived from 15 interviews and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 22 participants and thematic analysis was done. The findings revealed that research participants were using smartphones to access WhatsApp, the camera, mobile money applications and the calculator for coordination, recording, calculation, and payment. It was also found that untrustworthy communications, high charges and mobile fraud were challenges experienced by the groups. Familiarity, ease …

The Realisation Of Grammatical Tone In Cigogo Verbs, Amani J. Chipalo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This descriptive study aims to investigate how grammatical tone is realized in Cigogo verbs. The information was gathered through interviews and oral history techniques in the villages of Muungano, Ilolo, and Ndebwe in the Mvumi division. The replies from the interviews and the storytelling were captured using an MP3 recorder. The verb forms were then evoked for the analysis of the tone patterns based on the autosegmental theory. The findings show that Cigogo uses a grammatical tone to convey the perfective aspect, imperative mood, and reflexiveness in the past tense (immediate past). The kind of verb stem determines where the …

Language Contact And The State Of Multilingualism In The Linguistic Landscape Of Tete Province In Mozambique, Crisófia Langa Da Da Câmara, Amani Lusekelo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Mozambique is a multilingual country that adopted Portuguese as the language of official communication right from Independence Day in 1975. Later in the 1990s it adopted 19 Bantu languages as the media of instruction in lower education. This move opened an avenue for Bantu languages to be used in public domains in the country. Since the Metropolitan Maputo had been the centre of previous research of languages of public spaces, this paper looks at the language uses that unfold in the signposts of Tete Province to determine the manifestations of the Bantu languages in urban public spaces. Firstly, the findings …

Availability And Utilisation Of School Library Resources For Learning Activeness By Students In Selected Secondary Schools In Isokan Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria, Sunday Fakunle

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study investigates the availability and utili sation of school library resources by secondary school students in five selected secondary schools in Isokan local government area of Osun state, Nigeria. The main objective of this study was to assess availability, purpose and frequency of, as well as constraints and strategies to improve use of school library resources by students of secondary schools in Isokan. Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria.

Simple random sampling with proportionate to sample was used to select 2.5% respondents from each selected school to make a sample size of 228 respondents. The study employed descriptive survey research …

Situational Analysis Of Gold Processing Practices At Artisanal And Small-Scale Gold Mining In Tanzania, Sospeter Maganga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study reports the state-of-art situation of gold processing practices at artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Tanzania. It involved literature review, document review of public domain reports, and field survey during data collection. This was followed by screening of literature, reports, and field data relevant to the study topic. Further, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges (SWOC) analysis of ASGM was conducted and discussed. The study indicates that ASGM subsector in Tanzania continues growing with people involved directly in ASGM ranging between 1 to 1.5 million. Further, the study indicates that ASGM in Tanzania contributes about 90% of …

Relationship Between The Demographic Factors Of People Living In Cholera Endemic Areas And Their Knowledge Towards The Preventive Measures Against The Disease, Zainab Mohamed Mahmmod, Tabarek Ayad Noori, Ali Najm Abdullah

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Cholera is an infectious, acute bacterial disease caused by Vibrio Cholera. Watery diarrhea is the predominant clinical sign of the disease. Around the world, it is thought to be responsible for up to 4 million cases annually. This digestive contagious is characterized by high-volume fluid loss and electrolyte disturbances that may advance to hypovolemic shock and finally death. This survey study seeks to discover how well-informed, how individuals in Diyala, Iraq, feel about cholera epidemics, and how they behave in practice. In the present research, there were a total of 272 participants, with a mean age of 20 to 29 …

A Health Systems Approach To Critical Care Delivery In Low-Resource Settings: A Narrative Review, Stephen A. Spencer, Faustina Excel Adipa, Tim Baker, Ana Maria Crawford, Paul Dark, Dingase Dula, Stephen B. Gordon, David Oliver Hamilton, Dawit Kebede Huluka, Wangari Siika

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

There is a high burden of critical illness in low-income countries (LICs), adding pressure to already strained health systems. Over the next decade, the need for critical care is expected to grow due to ageing populations with increasing medical complexity; limited access to primary care; climate change; natural disasters; and conflict. In 2019, the 72nd World Health Assembly emphasised that an essential part of universal health coverage is improved access to effective emergency and critical care and to “ensure the timely and effective delivery of life-saving health care services to those in need”. In this narrative review, we examine critical …

Outdoor Performance Of The Black Globe Temperature Sensor On A Hot And Humid Tropical Region, Juan A. Acero, Angela Dissegna, Yon Sun Tan, Adrian Tan, Leslie K. Norford

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

A crucial variable to evaluate thermal comfort is the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). In this paper we evaluate the performance of the 150 mm black globe thermometer to provide reliable Tmrt values for outdoor settings in Singapore. Accurate Tmrt values are calculated by the method of integral radiation measurements. Based on these, the mean convection coefficient of the black globe has been re-calibrated. Results show an improvement in the estimation of Tmrt with the new coefficient in comparison with the default version suggested in ISO7726:1998. Increasing the averaging periods of the measured variables improved the performance of the derived mean …

Addressing The Global Expertise Gap In Radiation Oncology: The Radiation Planning Assistant, Laurence Court, Ajay Aggarwal, Hester Burger, Carlos Cardenas, Christine Chung, Raphael Douglas, Monique Du Toit, David Jaffray, Anuja Jhingran, Michael Mejia, Raymond Mumme, Sikudhani Muya, Komeela Naidoo, Jerry Ndumbalo, Kelly Nealon, Tucker Netherton, Callistus Nguyen, Niki Olanrewaju, Jeannette Parkes, Willie Shaw, Christoph Trauernicht, Melody Xu, Jinzhong Yang, Lifei Zhang, Hannah Simonds, Beth M Beadle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Automation, including the use of artificial intelligence, has been identified as a possible opportunity to help reduce the gap in access and quality for radiotherapy and other aspects of cancer care. The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) project was conceived in 2015 (and funded in 2016) to use automated contouring and treatment planning algorithms to support the efforts of oncologists in low- and middle-income countries, allowing them to scale their efforts and treat more patients safely and efficiently (to increase access).

DESIGN: In this review, we discuss the development of the RPA, with a particular focus on clinical acceptability and …

On The Use Of Wireless Technologies For Wildlife Monitoring: Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols, Lilian Mutalemwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Traditional methods for wildlife monitoring are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, advanced technologies and remote monitoring methods are becoming increasingly popular. This paper presents a study on wireless technologies for wildlife monitoring. In the study, a review of the literature was done to identify the most commonly used wireless technologies. Various technologies were explored including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), artificial intelligence (AI), global positioning system (GPS), and very high frequency (VHF) radio. Then, a more detailed study was done on WSN technology. Investigations were done to observe the performance of routing protocols in …

Determination Of Cyanide Concentration Levels In Surface Water And Soil From Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining Villages At Chunya, Mbeya - Tanzania, Mahir Mohammed Said

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aimed to determine levels of cyanide (CN) pollution in the soil and surface water at selected mining sites of Mbeya region. A total of (n = 124) samples were collected and analyzed by spectrophotometry. The cyanide levels of soil-based samples and water-based samples at Mwasenga, and Ifumbo mining sites were above the permissible limits. This was due to poor disposal of tailing from the gold processing plants and mismanagement of wastewater. On the other hand, the Cyanide was within the allowable limit for both soil and water at Godima, Itewe, Ashishira and Nyatula mining sites. This was attributed …

Assessment Of Spatial Variability Of Groundwater Levels In Moroto District, Uganda, Augustina Clara Alexander Dr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Globally, the variation of groundwater levels is increasingly overwhelming due to over exploitation resulting from population growth. The dynamic nature of socio-economic activities in Moroto District such as agriculture, settlements and increased trends in irrigation technology has been well-known worldwide as common parameters triggering groundwater variability. Nevertheless, determination of groundwater levels for groundwater management and development purpose is a challenge due to spatial variability in levels across Moroto District. In this study, geostatistical technique in Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to analyze spatial variability of water levels in the study area. The analysis utilized ordinary Kriging method to predict …

Performance Evaluation Of Full Array, Sub-Array And Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architectures For Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The technological advancement in wireless communication, promises high data rate for end users. This has led to the possibility of smart cities, inter connected vehicles, and virtual reality applications. One of the recent technologies in wireless communication is massive MIMO where large number of antennas are deployed at the transmitter or receiver. This is possible due to the use of mmWave in wireless communication. With massive MIMO, beamforming technique can be employed in the communication system. Beamforming is the ability of communication system to direct power to the intended users and to cancel power at non-intended users and thus significantly …

Product Costing And Pricing In Small And Medium Enterprises In Tanzania, Cosmas F Kindole

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

metalwork small and medium enterprises located in Dar es Salaam with the aim of establishing methods used by SMEs in Tanzania in setting selling prices of their products. The study was necessitated by the apparent discrepancy of prices for similar products from SMEs. The approach used to gather information was mainly through direct interview and the use of questionnaires. Direct observation and literature review were also used to establish the whole costing and pricing practices in metal manufacturing SMEs. The findings of the study established that product selling practices of the surveyed SMEs were based on instinct and appearance of …

Experimental Investigation On Recovery Of Micro Hydropower Dump Load Through Oil Heating System, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Micro hydropower power generates electrical energy to meet connected electrical demand, that normally fluctuates causing imbalances. Electronic load controller is then used to balance power system by diverting surplus generated power to the dump load commonly resistive load such as bulk water heater. This study investigated use of oil heating system as a replacement for conventional resistive dump load. In comparison to water, oil has high thermal retention therefore can serve as good thermal media. Dump load range ranged between 17 kW to 78 kW. A 6-kW electrical heater was used for laboratory oil heating system from which heated oil …

Assessments Of The Application Of Earned Value Management System For Construction Project Performance Measurement In Zanzibar, Juma M. Matindana

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Many construction projects in developing countries including in Zanzibar suffer from time and budget overruns. The Revolution Government of Zanzibar established different bodies such as Zanzibar Contractors Registration Board (ZCRB), Zanzibar Architects, Engineers and Quantity Surveyors Registration Board (ZAEQRB), Zanzibar Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Asset Authority (ZPPDA), among others with the aim of controlling the performance of project. Often scope creep, time and cost overruns are very common problems in construction projects. This study aims at addressing those problems by assessing the use of Earned Value Management (EVM) methodology in measuring construction industry performance in Zanzibar. The study …

Assessment On Usage Of The Library Website Resources By Students In The Information Studies Programme At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Hosea N. Mungwabi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The study investigated students' usage of electronic resources available on the UDSM Library's website. Specifically, the study determined whether information studies students were aware of the electronic resources, how frequently they used them, and whether their demographic characteristics influenced their usage. The study also examined the students' satisfaction with the functional and non functional attributes of the website resources. A mixed-methods research design combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was used. The sample consisted of 118 student respondents who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with class representatives …

Smart Grid In Tanzania: Research Opportunities, Aviti Thadei Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

reinvigorated its power generation capacity significantly to ensure smooth execution of its industrialization agenda and cope with the fourth industrial revolution. To ensure reliable availability of power to sustain its growing economy, Tanzania embarked on a deliberated measure to forge an energy mix. This deliberate measure encompasses the use of renewable energy technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, wastes, and micro hydro; natural gas; and other energy sources which are locally available including coal and geothermal. To effectively and efficiently manage such a growing power system and make electricity accessible to all for higher levels of industrial investment and services, …

Deep Learning Model Compression Techniques: Advances, Opportunities, And Perspective, Hubert Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Recently, deep learning (DL) models have excelled in a wide range of fields. All of these successes are built on intricate DL models. The hundreds of millions or even billions of parameters and high-performance computing graphical processing units or tensor processing units are largely responsible for their achievement. DL model integration into real-time devices with tight latency limitations, limited memory, and power-constrained requirements is the key driving force behind investigation of DL model compression techniques. Also, there is an increase in data availability that encourages multimodal fusion in DL models to boost the models' predictive accuracy. In order to create …

Path Of Trust: An Off-Chain Performance Enhancement Algorithm For Public Blockchains, Anthony Kigombola

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Blockchain technology is one among the latest innovations in computing industry. Blockchains have gathered widespread interest in the industry due to their potential as secure data storage. Despite the potential benefits of blockchains, there are several limitations which hinders mass deployment, one of these limitations being low throughput. Low throughput has limited blockchain adoption in large scale applications such as banking or mobile payments. This study addresses this limitation through development of a performance enhancement algorithm called Path of Trust (PoT). PoT uses off-chain stratergy in which transactions meeting certain criteria bypass the main chain and sent direct to the …

Isolation And Performance Test Of Green Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors From Local Materials For Improving Flow Assurance In Oil And Gas Industry, Makungu Madirisha

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The formation of gas hydrates in oil and gas industry can be minimized or prevented by the use of inhibitors. This paper reports on hemicellulose and modified lignin as low dosage gas hydrate inhibitors (LDGHIs). LDGHIs were isolated from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), plant gum exudates (PGE) of Acacia trees, and coconut coir, and further characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer, porosimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The PGE and SCB yielded 77.75% and 12.38% of hemicellulose, respectively, while coconut coir yielded 35.59% of lignin which was modified to sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) to improve its solubility in …

A Perspective Into Development Of Pavement Design Methods For Low Volume Roads: A Review, Mwajuma Lingwanda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The definition of low volume roads (LVRs) is not time static and it varies from place to place around the world. The importance of such roads for providing access, in connecting communities and link farms to markets is well appreciated worldwide. LVRs are credited as the direct source of social economic development in rural communities, growth, reduction of poverty and sustaining livelihood. Nevertheless, the LVR network is growing at an unsatisfactory rate especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The slow rate in developing LVR network is attributed to the high cost of construction and maintenance. To the author’s perspective, research has a …

Assessment Of A Multi-Stage Wet Scrubber Performance Based On Characteristics Of Scrubbing Solution, Mahir Mohammed Said

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper presents the wet scrubber performance on acid gas absorption based on pH and conductivity measurements. The waste combustion system comprised of a CFB combustor in which mainly plastics waste was loaded into the riser (15 cm ID x 1.5 m long). The scrubbing experiments were conducted using a two-stage wet scrubber used as air pollution control device. The performance of the wet scrubber system was assessed by studying the changes in the pH and conductivity. The scrubbing solution was prepared using lime. The optimum lime concentration was obtained from bench experiments, giving an initial pH of up to …

Review On Modifications Of Sisal Fibers For Textile Applications, Liberato V Haule

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Properties of sisal fibers such as high coarseness and poor drapability made the fibers less suitable in production of conventional textiles compared to synthetic fibers. The environmental consciousness and depletion of petrochemical resources have attracted researchers on investigating the use of natural fibers in the industrial production of conventional textiles. Sisal is among highly researched natural fibers due to its features such as strength, recyclability, availability, low processing cost, light weight and ease process ability. This paper reviews possible modifications of sisal fibers to enhance performance in conventional textiles applications

The Presence Of Unusual Foramina In The Femoral Intercondylar And Trochanteric Fossae On Skeletonized Individuals From Tanzania, Wilson Jilala, David Ngassapa, Ali Hamad

Tanzania Journal of Science

According to the standard nomenclature, skeletal land marks are all identified by their given names in the world of human skeletal anatomy. But it is also clear that the discovery of new anatomical features continues because human beings have so many anatomical variations caused by genetics, functions, geographical adaptations, and diseases; they are all described and given names. Therefore, an anatomical feature that is rare and undescribed is certainly a discovery and it deserves to be recorded. The discovery of anatomical features on the epiphyseial ends of the femur reported here adds two new names, namely the intercondylar fossa foramen …

The Estimation Of Heavy Tails In Non-Linear Models, Josephine N. Onyeka-Ubaka, Olaide Abass

Tanzania Journal of Science

A generalized student t distribution technique based on estimation of bilinear generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (BL-GARCH) model is introduced. The paper investigates from empirical perspective, aspects of the model related to the economic and financial risk management and its impacts on volatility forecasting. The purposive sampling technique was applied to select four banks for the study, namely First Bank of Nigeria (FBN), Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), United Bank for Africa (UBA) and Zenith Bank (ZEB). The four banks are selected, because their daily stock prices are considered to be more susceptible to volatility than those of other banks within the …

Lipophilic Wood Extractives’ Contamination Of Water Bodies In The Vicinity Of Pulp And Paper Mill, Southern Tanzania, Shija Charles, Kessy F. Kilulya, Julius Mbuna

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on the levels of fatty acids and selected sterols in effluents and nearby water bodies at Mufindi Paper Mill (MPM), southern Tanzania. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) was used for sample extraction, and analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Fatty acids ranging from C11:0 to C25:0 were detected, with saturated fatty acids (SFA) being more abundant than unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). As for selected sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol were more abundant than campesterol. The mean levels of SFA, USFA, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, and campesterol (µg/L) were 538.28, 125.94, 1065.44, 1178.01, and 66.76, respectively, for untreated effluents, and …

Influence Of Urban Land Use Land Cover Changes On Land Surface Temperature In Dar Es Salaam Metropolitan City, Tanzania: The Use Of Geospatial Approach, Olipa Simon, Nestory Yamungu, James Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Land use land cover (LULC) changes affect the planet's energy balance and region's climate. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a vital indicator of this change. Studies in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan City have investigated LST and its relationships with building heights and densities, urban heat islands, spectral indices, and urban morphological determinants. The present study used cross-sectional profiles, chord diagrams, and simple linear regression models to examine the influence of LULC changes on the LST in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan City (DMC). LST was extracted from Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS images for 1995, 2009, and 2017. LULC was …

Prevalence And Burden Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Among University Students At Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education, Tanzania, Magreth Fulgence, Ummul-Khair Mustafa, Jared S. Bakuza

Tanzania Journal of Science

Gastrointestinal parasites cause major health problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries including Tanzania. However, information on the status of these infections is often scanty, especially among young adults including students in higher learning institutions.  During December 2020 to June 2021, a total of 272 faecal samples from university students at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) were examined for parasites using the Kato Katz technique and analysed for infection levels based on standard guidelines. Detected parasites were identified as Schistosoma mansoni (8.1%), hookworms (1.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.4%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (0.4%), with an overall prevalence of 10.4%. …

Leptospira Serovars Circulating Among Human, Cattle And Goats With Associated Risk Factors In Ngara And Kibondo Districts, North-Western Tanzania, Jestina V. Katandukila, Ackrey G. Sissa, Ginethon G. Mhaphi, Yeremia J. Chuhila, Fred D. Chibwana

Tanzania Journal of Science

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, prominent in north-western Tanzania where interactions among humans, livestock and wildlife is high. This study therefore, assessed Leptospira seroprevalence and associated risk factors by screening Leptospira serovars from blood sera of cattle, goats and humans in Ngara and Kibondo Districts using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Blood sera were positive for seven Leptospira serovars in which Sokoine, Sejroe and Grippotyhposa had higher seropositivity of ≥ 20.9%, whereas Leptospira serovars Kenya, Pomona, Lora, and Bataviae had seropositivity of < 10%. Variation of seropositivity and seroprevalence between Ngara and Kibondo Districts was insignificant (p = 0.0718) but varied significantly between humans, goats and cattle (p = 0.0183). Leptospira serovars Sejroe and Grippotyphosa were present in humans, goats and cattle. Sokoine, Pomona and Bataviae were co-positive in humans and goats, while serovars Kenya and Lora were co-positive in humans and cattle, indicating the possibility of dualistic transmission of Leptospira serovars in the ecosystem. Suggested risk factors associated with acquiring Leptospira bacteria were drinking contaminated water, feeding contaminated food and farming in contaminated soils. Prevalence of Leptospira in the current study alerts for health and economic risks in north-western Tanzania, which requires intensive education programs on leptospirosis transmission and avoidance.