Digital Commons Network^™

Spirulina (Arthrospira Fusiformis, Gomont 1892) As A High-Quality Feed Ingredient For Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Angelina Michael, Margareth S. Kyewalyanga, Charles V. Lugomela

Tanzania Journal of Science

A partially randomized experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effect and potential of spirulina species (Arthrospira fusiformis) isolated from Momela Lakes, Tanzania, on the growth, antioxidant capacity, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five dietary treatments were formulated, including spirulina meal at 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total diets, as well as control diets with freshwater shrimp or Lake Victoria sardine. The protein content of the experimental diets was 25, 28, and 35% for a treatment containing spirulina at 5, 10, and 15% inclusion, respectively, while the control diets had 35% crude protein each. After …

Microplastics In Marine Sediments From Dar Es Salaam Coast: Spatial Distribution And Characterization, Macarius P. Mtega, Matobola J. Mihale, Kessy F. Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The purpose of the research was to determine the spatial distribution and characterization of microplastics in marine sediments of beaches along the Indian Ocean of Dar es Salaam coast. The sediment samples were extracted in triplicate using floatation method followed by digestion of organic debris, then analyzed using At-FTIR spectrophotometer and stereomicroscope. The mean concentrations of microplastics for Kijichi Beach were 700 ± 907 particles/m2 at 1 cm, 859 ± 839 particles/m2 at 5 cm and 590 ± 782 particles/m2 at 10 cm; from Palm Beach were 157 ± 15 particles/m2 at 1 cm, 130 ± 182 particles/m2 at 5 …

Experimental Measurements Of Ignition Delay Times Of Iso-Octane/N-Butanol Blend Mixtures In Rapid Compression Machine (Rcm), Myeji Materego, Derek Bradley

Tanzania Journal of Science

Among oxygenated alternative fuels, n-butanol is considered as a promising alternative biofuel which can partially (or fully) replace conventional transportation fuels currently in use. However, before n-butanol can be commercially utilised, its fundamental combustion characteristics need to be fully understood. In this work, the effect of adding n-butanol on autoignition property of iso-octane was studied. Measurements of ignition delay times for the two blends of n-butanol proportions of 30% and 50% by mole weight were made in a Rapid Compression Machine for stoichiometric mixtures at 2.0 MPa and temperature range 651-918 K. n-butanol increased ignition delay times of iso-octane at …

Ethnobotanical Survey On The Knowledge And Use Of Medicinal Plants For Malaria Management Among University Students, Felista W. Mwingira, Deokary J. Matiya, Neema G. Mogha

Tanzania Journal of Science

Malaria remains a public health problem in Tanzania, escalated by the emergence of both parasite and vector resistance. Plant-based traditional medicines have been widely utilized as alternatives to malaria management. However, proper documentation is minimal, especially among the younger generation. This study assessed the knowledge of medicinal plants for malaria management among 532 Dar es Salaam University College of Education students. Overall, twenty-four plant species, most belonging to the family Asteraceae, were identified with Azaradichta indica being the most dominant species. These results reveal a substantial knowledge of medicinal plants for malaria management among university students.

An Efficient Derivative Free Iterative Method And Condition Number Of Nonlinear Equations Arising From Real World Phenomena, Alatuhigha Nguni, Chacha S. Chacha, Adeline P. Mtunya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Recent researches have shown a great interest in developing novel numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations of the form  arising from real world phenomena.  However, very little attention has been given to the study of condition numbers which is an important aspect in measuring the sensitivity of the problem in response to slight perturbations in the input data. In this article, we present an efficient free derivative iterative scheme constructed by refining Newton-Raphson method standard form in which the derivative term is approximated by using finite difference scheme; hence making it derivative free. We also conducted an in-depth analysis of …

A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Algorithm For The Simultaneous Retrieval Of Two Meteorological Parameters From Solar Radiation, Nicholas W. Nzala, Nicolausi Ssebiyonga, Dennis Muyimbwa, Taddeo Ssenyonga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Local meteorological parameters are key in understanding the frequency of occurrence of extreme weather conditions such as floods, and droughts, among others. In this study, we present a method for simultaneous retrieval of two weather parameters. The method is based on already measured monthly average values of weather parameters from 2011 to 2016, which were used to train a Feed-forward radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to obtain a fast and accurate method to compute global solar radiation for specified weather parameters pair. In inverse modelling, a multidimensional unconstrained non-linear optimization was employed to retrieve the weather parameters pair. The …

Evaluation Of The Inhibitive Properties Of Silver Nanoparticles In Senna Occidentalis Root Extract As Corrosion Inhibitor Of Mild Steel, Victor O. Egbeneje, Samuel E. Okhale, Chinyere Imoisi, Isaac O. Ogbogo, Omolade Ojo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The use of nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors has gained popularity because of its increased corrosion efficiency due to increase surface to volume ratio. Nanoparticles which undergo physisorption/chemisorption to the corrosion metal surface and inhibit the corrosion efficiently also have low toxicity, low cost and easy production. In this research work, weight lost method was applied to study the inhibitive properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Senna occidentalis root extract as environmentally benign corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium at 298 K and 308 K. It was observed that the corrosion rate of the steel sample …

Enhancing Service Restoration In Tanzanian Power Grid Using Internet Of Things Sensors And Renewable Energy Sources, Rukia J. Mwifunyi, Daudi C. Mnyanghwalo, Shamte J. Kawambwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The increased dependence on the electric power grid, coupled with the increasing number of new customers, motivates the need to improve the reliability and resilience of the electric distribution systems. Modern distribution systems are becoming more resilient against power outages due to the increasing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and the availability of efficient mechanisms for load shedding. Several studies considered fault detection and Service Restoration (SR) as separate problems without considering the implementation feasibility of integrating both solutions. To ensure the resiliency in the power system, it is important to have proper mechanisms which integrate sensing, detection, and …

Public Perceptions Of Water Quality In The Lake Bunyonyi Sub-Catchment, Western Uganda, Alex Saturday, Thomas J. Lyimo, Siajali Pamba, Susan Kangume, Jeniffer Turyatemba

Tanzania Journal of Science

Lake Bunyonyi ecosystem plays vital roles in water resource conservancy and tourism. Nevertheless, the rapid increase in human population and the unrelenting human activities are threatening the values, functions, and ecological integrity of the lake. In this study, the public perceptions of drinking water quality and its health implications in the Lake Bunyonyi Sub-catchment, Western Uganda are presented. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 267 respondents living within one Kilometre away from the lake shores. Besides, observation and interview methods were used to complement data collected by the questionnaire method. Results indicate that the prominent activities around the lake are …

The Role Of Information And Communication Technology In Sustainable Development: The Input Of Nigerian Academic Libraries, Jerry Eyerinmene Friday Mr, Favour Oghenevwarodovwe Oweibo Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main objective of this paper was to examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper further intended to explore the contributions of Nigerian academic libraries towards providing ICT services to promote quality education as well as sustainable development in Nigeria. In accomplishing its aim, the paper reviewed the concept of ICT, academic library, sustainable development, objectives of ICT for sustainable development, ICT facilities used in academic libraries, uses of ICT in education, potentials of ICT in promoting quality education, digital information services of Nigeria academic libraries geared towards achievement of sustainable …

Determinants That Affect Information Security Awareness And Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review, Abdurehman Ali, Solomon Negash

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

In today’s digital age, it is crucial for all organizations to manage their information systems security. This makes them potentially endangered by actions of employees and users. So there is a need of investing more on security related issues; one of them is giving attention for the human i.e. the social aspect of security. This paper critically analysis the different literatures using a systematic literature review technique using PRISMA search protocol concerning the determinants which most affect information security awareness and behavior. The information security training or education has given more emphasis than behavior and attitude. Then after identifying those …

Exploring The Provision Of Information Services For Visually Impaired Students: Lessons Learned From The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Dotto Kabogolo,, Christian Mubofu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study employed a descriptive research method to investigate the provision of information services for visually impaired students (VIS) at the University of Dar es Salaam. The research conducted a comprehensive examination by employing a census sampling technique, targeting a population of 25 VIS. Qualitative methodologies were utilized to collect data, with thematic analysis serving as the means to categorize and describe the gathered information. The study's findings revealed that VIS have specific information needs, notably necessitating orientation programs for university management and the acquisition of effective computer application skills to manage their studies proficiently. Additionally, the study identified commonly …

Impact Of E-Resources In Promoting Reading Habits: A Study Among The Central Library Users Of University Of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Dr. Partha Biplob Roy, Susmita Tarofder Misty, Zihadur Rahman, Dil Afroz Bente Aziz

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The widespread adoption of electronic resources, particularly in the realm of reading books, has transformed the landscape of academic libraries across the globe. This study explores the impact of e-resources on the reading habits and preferences of Central Library users at the University of Rajshahi. By analyzing the attitudes and experiences of students, faculty, and researchers, this research sheds light on the significance of e-resources in modern-day learning environments. The core purposes of the study are to investigate the trend and impact of using electronic resources, to explore the reasons, to know the benefits of using e-resources by the students. …

The Effect Of System Quality And User Quality Of Information Technology On Internal Audit Effectiveness In Jordan, And The Moderating Effect Of Management Support, Ahmad Yahiya Ahmad Bani Ahmad (Ayassrah), Anas Ahmad Mahmoud Bani Atta, Hanan Ali Alawawdeh, Nawaf Abdallah Aljundi, Amer Morshed, Saleh Amin Dahbour

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

The goal of this study is to ascertain the moderating role that management support has in internal audit effectiveness in Jordan, as well as the impact of system quality and user quality of information technology. There were 172 responders in all, and they were split across Jordanian auditors. In the data analysis process, the quantitative analysis test— which consists of the validity test, reliability test, test of conventional assumptions, and hypothesis test—is applied. Information technology system and user quality are independent variables in this study. The dependent variable in this study is internal audit effectiveness, and the moderating variable is …

Investment In Teacher-Education Versus Teacher-Educational Research For Effective Teacher-Professional Learning, Nipael Mrutu, Esther Kibga, Aladini Hoka, Peter Kajoro, Fredrick Mtenzi, Hamis Nkota, Tage Biswalo

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Purpose: This systematic research paper provides a comprehensive review of studies and literature on three terms i.e., teacher education, teacher professional learning and teacher education research more specifically in the context of the Tanzania education system. One of the most important aspects identified in teacher education in recent years is teacher educational research despite being yet overlooked. Teacher educational research creates a better juncture through which a gap between teacher education and teacher professional learning is bridged and the two present well with one another.

Methodology: The analysis used 45 articles related to the three aspects, published in ten …

Nira Ya Mtumwa Aliye Huru: Granville Kachipumo's Life Of Slavery And Redemption In Nineteenth-Century East Africa, Zachary Tyler Levy

Master's Theses

Granville Kachipumo was the Universities Mission to Central Africa’s African-born teacher at Mkului in East Africa near today’s Muheza district of Tanga, Tanzania. He was taken from his home along River Lintipe at 10 to 12 years old. Granville Kachipumo’s life began with his family west of Lake Nyasa. Ripped from the arms of his parents, Granville Kachipumo faced two inland journeys, each with its complex forms of slave trade. From the inland environment, Granville Kachipumo navigated to the mission halls of Masasi and beyond. Kachipumo’s story is, as Arthur Cornwallis Madan stated, “a story of an intelligent boy who …

Africa’S Coastal Archaeological Record And Climate Change, Michael Murphy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Since the 1980s, archaeologists have warned about threats from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) to the world’s archaeological record in coastal areas. Until recently, such warnings did not include Africa’s archaeological record. There is a persistent gap in research on climate change and Africa’s archaeological and cultural heritage stretching back before the U.N. established the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the gap and help to narrow it. The approach is to take advantage of the availability of the dataset from the first geographically comprehensive study of climate change and coastal …

Feasibility And Clinical Acceptability Of Automation-Assisted 3d Conformal Radiotherapy Planning For Patients With Cervical Cancer In A Resource-Constrained Setting, Sikudhani Muya, Jerry Ndumbalo, Sarah Kutika Nyagabona, Shaid Yusuf, Dong Joo Rhee, Beatrice Paul Mushi, Benjamin Li, Li Zhang, Surbhi Grover, Mary Feng, I-Chow Hsu, Elia Mmbaga, Katherine Van Loon, Laurence Court, Melody Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: The Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Tanzania began offering 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in 2018. Steep learning curves, high patient volume, and a limited workforce resulted in long radiation therapy (RT) planning workflows. We aimed to establish the feasibility of implementing an automation-assisted cervical cancer 3DCRT planning system.

Materials and methods: We performed chart abstractions on 30 patients with cervical cancer treated with 3DCRT at ORCI. The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) generated a new automated set of contours and plans on the basis of anonymized computed tomography images. Each were assessed for edit time requirements, dose-volume safety …

Comparative Polar And Lipid Plasma Metabolomics Differentiate Kshv Infection And Disease States, Sara R. Privatt, Camila Pereira Braga, Alicia Johnson, Salum J. Lidenge, Luke Berry, John R. Ngowi, Owen Ngalamika, Andrew G. Chapple, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West, Jiri Adamec

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic disease etiologically associated with infection by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS manifests primarily as cutaneous lesions in individuals due to either age (classical KS), HIV infection (epidemic KS), or tissue rejection preventatives in transplantation (iatrogenic KS) but can also occur in individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), lacking any obvious immune suppression (endemic KS). The high endemicity of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) co-infection in Africa results in KS being one of the top 5 cancers there. As with most viral cancers, infection with KSHV alone is insufficient to induce tumorigenesis. …

Comparative Polar And Lipid Plasma Metabolomics Differentiate Kshv Infection And Disease States, Sara R. Privatt, Camila Pereira Braga, Alicia Johnson, Salum J. Lidenge, Luke Berry, John R. Ngowi, Owen Ngalamika, Andrew G. Chapple, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West, Jiri Adamec

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic disease etiologically associated with infection by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS manifests primarily as cutaneous lesions in individuals due to either age (classical KS), HIV infection (epidemic KS), or tissue rejection preventatives in transplantation (iatrogenic KS) but can also occur in individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), lacking any obvious immune suppression (endemic KS). The high endemicity of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) co-infection in Africa results in KS being one of the top 5 cancers there. As with most viral cancers, infection with KSHV alone is insufficient to induce tumorigenesis. …

Comparative Polar And Lipid Plasma Metabolomics Differentiate Kshv Infection And Disease States, Sara R. Privatt, Camila Pereira Braga, Alicia Johnson, Salum J. Lidenge, Luke Berry, John R. Ngowi, Owen Ngalamika, Andrew G. Chapple, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West, Jiri Adamec

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic disease etiologically associated with infection by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS manifests primarily as cutaneous lesions in individuals due to either age (classical KS), HIV infection (epidemic KS), or tissue rejection preventatives in transplantation (iatrogenic KS) but can also occur in individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), lacking any obvious immune suppression (endemic KS). The high endemicity of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) co-infection in Africa results in KS being one of the top 5 cancers there. As with most viral cancers, infection with KSHV alone is insufficient to induce tumorigenesis. …

Ict's Potential For Improving Information Resource Sharing Among Tanzania’S Academic Libraries, Christian Mubofu, Salatiel Chaula

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study examined at how ICT could improve resource sharing amongst academic libraries in Tanzania. The assessment was conducted in the MUHAS, UDSM, OUT, and TUDARCO libraries—all of which are COTUL members and take part in the system of resource sharing. A quantitative research strategy was used, and questionnaires were used to gather data. SPSS Version 20 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics. Participants thought the library's ICT infrastructure was insufficient for resource sharing, according to the study's findings. A paucity of computers, which are necessary for sharing, was also discovered. Respondents acknowledged the significance that ICT …

Access To Health Information Among Pregnant Women In Morogoro Municipal, Tanzania, Ronald Benard Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

he purpose of this study was to assess the accessibility of health information among pregnant women in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. This study was conducted in four main health stations (hospitals) which were selected purposively. This cross-sectional study involved 80 pregnant women who were randomly selected. Data were obtained by using questionnaires. Results showed that pregnant women in the study area expressed various information needs, categories of most needed health information were: information on miscarriage, information on immunization, and information on breast feeding. Moreover, results revealed that information on delivery and family planning were highly accessible. Moreover, the study results …

Contributors, Inamori Center

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Salinity Tolerance Of The Swordtail (Xiphophorus Hellerii), Alexandra Megan Krak

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

The swordtail, Xiphophorus hellerii, is a freshwater fish species native to Mexico and Central America and is commonly used in the tropical aquarium trade. Swordtails have been shown to have limited survival in 6 ‰ salinity (Nanda et al., 2016), suggesting they may have a greater salinity tolerance than previously expected. Using a gradual acclimation method, we examined the salinity tolerance and swim performance of this species. Freshwater-reared female swordtails were housed in 29-gallon aquaria. A control group was held in freshwater throughout the experiment. For the experimental group, the salinity was increased by 2 ‰ every week until 30 …

Marketing Strategies And User Appreciation Of The Services Provided By Public Libraries, Ronald Odung, Bonniface Agungi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study established the relationship between marketing strategies and user appreciation of the services provided by Public Libraries. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between marketing strategies and user appreciation of the Public Library services. The use of social media, general reference service and the use of Library Website are marketing strategies that can be adopted by Public Library. Provision of conducive Library space, benchmarking, analyzing user’s behavior, Quantitative evaluation, effective use of catalog and the size of the collection were ways that Public Library staff apply to assess the level of user appreciation. the finding recommend …

Dorsal Pancreas Agenesis, An Incidental Finding During Acute Appendicitis Diagnosis; A Case Report, Willbroad Kyejo, Ally Zain Ismail, Sajida Panjwani, Nancy Matillya, Ahmed Jusabani, Adil Datoo, Pilly Ally

Family Medicine, East Africa

Introduction and importance: Dorsal pancreas agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the absence or severe underdevelopment of the dorsal pancreatic bud. We report a case of a man who presented with features of appendicitis only to the incidentally discovery of dorsal pancreas agenesis during the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. We describe our experience on radiological diagnostic formulation and work up.

Case presentation: We present the case of a 45-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute appendicitis. A computed tomography scan and laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of appendicitis. Incidentally, …

Health Facilities Preparedness To Deliver Maternal And Newborn Health Care In Kilifi And Kisii Counties, Kenya, James Orwa, Marleen Temmerman, Lucy Nyaga, Kennedy Mulama, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Introduction: Health facility preparedness is essential for delivering quality maternal and newborn care, minimizing morbidity and mortality by addressing delays in seeking skilled care, reaching appropriate facilities, and receiving emergency care. A rapid assessment of 23 government health facilities in Kilifi and Kisii counties identified poor maternal and newborn indicators in 16 facilities. The Access to Quality Care through Extending and Strengthening Health Systems (AQCESS) project supported these facilities with training, equipment, and referral linkages. This study focuses on facility preparedness of the 16 facilities to deliver maternal and newborn health services, specifically delays two and three at the end …

Exploring Women's Interests In Household Waste Disposal And Management, Kemi Funlayo Akeju, Femi Omotoso

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Despite establishing waste management boards and environmental agencies across states in Southwest Nigeria, household waste disposal remains poorly managed, with low consideration given to its reuse and recycling. Previous research has established the menace of improper household waste disposal in Nigeria. This paper examines women's household waste disposal methods and their awareness, willingness, and interest in waste management and recycling. This study was conducted in November 2021 with a sample of 436 women selected across six communities in 3 States in Southwest Nigeria (Lagos, Osun, and Ekiti states). In each state, one rural and urban Community is selected. Descriptive analysis …

A Constructivist Analysis Of China’S Geopolitical Economic Strategy Toward Africa: A Case Of Sino-Tanzanian South-South Cooperation, Azza Bimantara

Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional

This article discusses China’s foreign policy toward African countries by examining Sino-Tanzanian South-South Cooperation (SSC). By utilising a modified, state-centric social constructivism, this study identifies domestic and international realms of China’s normative structure responsible for shaping China’s identities within the international community. It also explains how China can reconcile its competing identities between a Global South and rising great power statuses, which gives China the ability to combine its normative interest (i.e., Global South solidarity) and material interest (i.e., the geopolitical-geoeconomic strategy) into a diverse project of SSC with positive and proactive perception from Tanzania. This study contributes toward the …