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Sleep Tight: A Sleep Hygiene Bundle For Adults To Improve Sleep Quality In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Meaghan Corbin May 2026

Sleep Tight: A Sleep Hygiene Bundle For Adults To Improve Sleep Quality In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Meaghan Corbin

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Abstract

Nearly two thirds of skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents report poor sleep. Negative consequences of poor sleep are depressed mood, anxiety, pain, cognitive impairment, increased risk for dementia, fatigue, decreased concentration, and lower activity participation. A review of literature has shown that implementation of non-pharmacological sleep interventions can significantly improve sleep quality. The aim to screen SNF residents on current self-reported sleep quality and provide non-pharmacological sleep interventions. The evidence-based project utilized the 8 A’s Model. Using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a resident with a score above 0, received the non-pharmacological sleep hygiene bundle: eye mask, earplugs, …


Improving Transition To Adult Care: Assessing Health Insurance Literacy In Adolescent Patients With Congenital Heart Disease, Kaitlyn V. Mudge May 2026

Improving Transition To Adult Care: Assessing Health Insurance Literacy In Adolescent Patients With Congenital Heart Disease, Kaitlyn V. Mudge

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: With advances in surgery and medical management, 95% of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood. Transition to adult care is an intricate process. Up to 60% of adolescents fail to follow through with cardiology care, facing three times the risk of needing emergency services. Only 25% of young adults with CHD knew of the need to change their care to an adult provider and to acquire health insurance as an adult. One barrier to successful transition is a lack of insurance coverage and limited insurance health literacy. Higher insurance literacy is associated with increased utilization …


The Dialectics Of Governance – Navigating Institutional Complexity, Trust, And Innovation In Indonesia, Muhammad Ramaditya, Rijal Ramdhani May 2026

The Dialectics Of Governance – Navigating Institutional Complexity, Trust, And Innovation In Indonesia, Muhammad Ramaditya, Rijal Ramdhani

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

No abstract provided.


Indonesian Tax Reform: A Never-Ending Dialectic, Charoline Cheisviyanny, Niki Lukviarman, Verni Juita, Suhanda Suhanda May 2026

Indonesian Tax Reform: A Never-Ending Dialectic, Charoline Cheisviyanny, Niki Lukviarman, Verni Juita, Suhanda Suhanda

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Indonesian tax reform has evolved through recurring cycles of institutional change, yet it continues to face persistent tensions among fiscal demands, administrative capacity, and taxpayer compliance. While existing tax reform studies predominantly examine reform outcomes in terms of revenue performance and compliance rates, limited attention has been given to the structural contradictions that shape reform trajectories over time. This study re-conceptualizes Indonesian tax reform as a dialectical process by applying a thesis–antithesis–synthesis framework to three major reform cycles since 1983. Using an interpretive qualitative design based on documentary reconstruction and illustrative interview evidence, the analysis demonstrates that each reform phase …


Temwayaj: An Exploration Of Intergenerational Trauma And Resilience Through The Wisdom Of Haitian Elders, Niara J. Carrenard May 2026

Temwayaj: An Exploration Of Intergenerational Trauma And Resilience Through The Wisdom Of Haitian Elders, Niara J. Carrenard

Graduate Masters Theses

Haitian people have a unique history of trauma shaped by colonial violence, the brutal legacy of slavery, and political instability all of which intersect to create a complex and multifaceted experience of trauma across generations. This study explores how intergenerational and historical trauma are understood, carried and expressed across generations in the Haitian community. Drawing from grounded theory, this research examines the layered effects of colonial violence and chronic instability on Haitian people. While trauma is typically described as an individual phenomenon, this project is examining trauma as a relational process that manifests amongst different generations. Through in-depth qualitative interviews, …


Identity And Distress: The Role Of Misracialization And Membership Esteem In Multiracial Mental Health, Jordan Cherry May 2026

Identity And Distress: The Role Of Misracialization And Membership Esteem In Multiracial Mental Health, Jordan Cherry

Graduate Masters Theses

The population of Multiracial individuals in the US is growing (Jones et al., 2021). Multiracial people face a higher likelihood of adverse consequences, including reconciling the significance of holding multiple racial identities in a society that predominantly categorizes race in single categorical terms (Gabriel et al., 2023). The inaccurate perception of Multiracial individuals by others, or misracialization, is a result of this dynamic. Research indicates that inaccurate racial representation relates to worse mental health outcomes for Multiracial individuals (Campbell & Troyer, 2007; Does et al., 2023; Franco, Toomey, et al., 2021; Lusk et al., 2010). Further, one’s racialized experiences have …


Anti-Mattering And Negative Core Beliefs In The Association Between Internalized Racism And Social Anxiety, Alicia K. López May 2026

Anti-Mattering And Negative Core Beliefs In The Association Between Internalized Racism And Social Anxiety, Alicia K. López

Graduate Masters Theses

Internalized racism is associated with adverse mental health conditions, including anxiety. However, research examining the relation between internalized racism and social anxiety remains limited. The primary purpose of this current study was to explore the relation between internalized racism and social anxiety and whether cognitive processes, such as negative core beliefs about the self or interpersonal factors, such as anti-mattering help explain this relation.  Specifically, this study examined anti-mattering as a potential mediator linking internalized racism and social anxiety and whether negative core beliefs about the self, mediate the relation between internalized racism and anti-mattering. Lastly, the study examined a …


Racism, Coping, And In-Race Heterosexism Among Asian American Sexually Expansive People: A Moderated Moderation Analysis, Miah Theresse A. Sabas May 2026

Racism, Coping, And In-Race Heterosexism Among Asian American Sexually Expansive People: A Moderated Moderation Analysis, Miah Theresse A. Sabas

Graduate Masters Theses

Asian American sexually expansive people (AA SEP) are at elevated risk of psychological distress at the intersection of racism and heterosexism (Takeda et al., 2021). Less is known about how AA SEP cope with intersectional oppression, including experiences of in-race heterosexism. With a sample of 105 AA SEP, correlations indicated a positive link between psychological distress (PD; DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and racism-related stress (RRS; Brief PEDQ-CV, Brondolo et al., 2005), but not in-race heterosexism (Perceived Racism in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Communities Scale, Sarno et al., 2015). Moderation analyses indicated only active coping buffered the relation between RRS …


Invisible Students, Visible Consequences: Leadership Under Fte Funding, Derek Bryant May 2026

Invisible Students, Visible Consequences: Leadership Under Fte Funding, Derek Bryant

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

The full-time equivalent (FTE) funding model used by the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) serves as a structural constraint that misaligns financial incentives with the missions of the 23 member institutions within it. This qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study, through interviews with system- and college-level leaders, found that this model underserves part-time, adult, and workforce students while simultaneously contributing to a resource instability that prioritizes enrollment over student success. The study concludes that any reform must require a redesigned funding model that first makes institutions whole, with a stable operational baseline of funding, by incorporating broader enrollment measures that better align …


From Access To Success: Addressing Barriers For Students With Disabilities In Higher Education, Melissa Wood May 2026

From Access To Success: Addressing Barriers For Students With Disabilities In Higher Education, Melissa Wood

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

Over the past several decades, enrollment of students with disabilities in higher education has steadily increased. However, disparities in retention and degree completion persist. Although federal laws such as the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act guarantee equal access, many students continue to encounter barriers that affect their academic experience. These challenges are often more pronounced in community colleges, which serve diverse populations and often operate with limited resources. This paper examines two key barriers and highlights best practices that institutions can implement to improve accessibility, strengthen support systems, and promote persistence and success for students with disabilities.


Old Crimes, New Eyes: Recent Findings From The Scottish Witch Hunts, Carol Lee Campbell May 2026

Old Crimes, New Eyes: Recent Findings From The Scottish Witch Hunts, Carol Lee Campbell

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

Abstract

Most discussions about the Scottish witch trials have been shrouded in a category of superstition, primarily from historians postulating from the era of the Enlightenment one hundred years afterward. Some have distanced themselves from the witch hunts by universalizing the cases within a monolithic framework. But the data shows that the Scottish witch “panic” was disproportionately more intense than other hunts in Early Modern Europe and England.

In the last generation, however, scholars utilizing interdisciplinary approaches have revisited trial records and their supporting documents- such as confessions and testimonies - which appear to reveal more than just trial outcomes. …


Rewarding Risk: How Political Health Messaging Drives Virality And Controversy On X, Hiba Ali May 2026

Rewarding Risk: How Political Health Messaging Drives Virality And Controversy On X, Hiba Ali

Quantitative Social Science Undergraduate Senior Theses

No abstract provided.


The Impact Of Turkey’S Policy On Refugees (Case Study Of Syrian Refugees), Muhammad Kadhafie, Abdullah Haidar May 2026

The Impact Of Turkey’S Policy On Refugees (Case Study Of Syrian Refugees), Muhammad Kadhafie, Abdullah Haidar

Jurnal Wacana Politik

In the aftermath of World War II, the international community sought to establish a global order that guarantees the protection of human rights, formally declared through the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Fundamental principles such as the right to life, the right to security, and freedom from torture became central to the international human rights regime. However, contemporary realities demonstrate that human rights violations persist, particularly in situations of armed conflict. The Syrian conflict, which began in 2011, has evolved into one of the largest humanitarian crises of the 21st century, forcing millions of civilians to flee their country …


Beyond Shutdown: Why Punitive Policies Fail Students With Oppositional Defiant Behaviors And What Alternative Schools Should Do Instead, Mark Barrett May 2026

Beyond Shutdown: Why Punitive Policies Fail Students With Oppositional Defiant Behaviors And What Alternative Schools Should Do Instead, Mark Barrett

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

Punitive shutdown policies at therapeutic alternative schools often do not reduce class avoidance among students with oppositional defiant behaviors. This synthesis examines why these policies do not work and proposes evidence-based alternatives. I draw on research in exclusionary discipline, Collaborative and Proactive Solutions, Self-Determination Theory, and function-based intervention, as well as my daily experience as a behavioral teacher. I argue that punitive approaches fail because they misunderstand what drives oppositional behavior. Deterrence assumes students avoid class to escape work and will return if the consequences are harsh enough. In reality, students with oppositional defiant disorder are mainly motivated by resisting …


Narrative Roots - What We Inherit, What We Tell, What We Become: Intergenerational Storytelling, Meaning-Making, And Mental Health, Adam Sholder May 2026

Narrative Roots - What We Inherit, What We Tell, What We Become: Intergenerational Storytelling, Meaning-Making, And Mental Health, Adam Sholder

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

This capstone synthesis explores how the family stories we inherit and the stories we tell across generations shape who we become, with particular attention to their impact on identity and mental health. Drawing on narrative identity theory, reflective practice, and relational understandings of family life, it introduces the Recursive Narrative Integration Model, which positions intergenerational storytelling as both a method of inquiry and a mechanism of meaning-making. Informed by a recursive process of creative and reflective writing, this synthesis approaches storytelling not only as an object of study, but as a lived and generative practice through which experience and narrative …


From Process Retrieval To Understanding: A Look Into Curiosity And Metacognition In My Physics Classrooms, Nahuel Acosta Burroso May 2026

From Process Retrieval To Understanding: A Look Into Curiosity And Metacognition In My Physics Classrooms, Nahuel Acosta Burroso

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

In the modern high school physics classroom, the rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has created a unique educational challenge. While these tools can solve complex problems quickly, they often lead to cognitive offloading, where students bypass the internal dialogue and deep thinking needed for true understanding. This project follows an action research journey that shifts the focus from restricting technology to cultivating curiosity and metacognition. I define curiosity as the gap identifier that appears when a student realizes they do not know something, while metacognition acts as the navigator that helps them decide what to do next. By …


Reading Isabella Hammad And Beyond: The Unsaid – The Point Of Recognizing Turning Points, Narratives (Stories), And Strangers, Rory Conces May 2026

Reading Isabella Hammad And Beyond: The Unsaid – The Point Of Recognizing Turning Points, Narratives (Stories), And Strangers, Rory Conces

Philosophy Faculty Publications

The essay is a reflection on Isabella Hammad’s book, Recognizing the Stranger: On Palestine and Narrative (2024). The essay’s approach is to follow the four themes that reflect the title and the subtitle of the book and to draw out what is unsaid from what is said by Hammad. The unsaid reflects my conceptual and historical baggage, so there is a wide assortment of theorists that I connect Hammad with, including Edward Said, Hannah Arendt, Amartya Sen, Didier Fassin, and Slavoj Žižek.


Investigating Parental Involvement And Barriers Shaping Students’ English Learning Outcomes In The United Arab Emirates, Areej Elsayary, Ghadah Al Murshidi, Noor Aisha, Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Ahmed Al Zaabi May 2026

Investigating Parental Involvement And Barriers Shaping Students’ English Learning Outcomes In The United Arab Emirates, Areej Elsayary, Ghadah Al Murshidi, Noor Aisha, Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Ahmed Al Zaabi

All Works

This study investigates how parental involvement (PI) influences students’ English language learning outcomes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using a quantitative design, data were collected from 328 parents (69% mothers and 31% fathers) selected through randomized sampling across all seven emirates, representing diverse educational, social, and employment backgrounds. The study employed hierarchical multiple regression, linear regression, and mediation analysis to examine the predictive and indirect effects of parental engagement and barriers on English language achievement. The findings reveal that parental school involvement, homework follow-up, and parent-teacher interaction significantly enhance students’ English proficiency, with homework monitoring having the strongest effect, …


The Cultivation Of Public Perception: Cultivated Meat Narratives And Misinformation On Tiktok, Anna M. Balkus May 2026

The Cultivation Of Public Perception: Cultivated Meat Narratives And Misinformation On Tiktok, Anna M. Balkus

Graduate Masters Theses

Cultivated meat is an emerging tissue engineering technology that has the potential to address major issues threatening food systems, including climate change, rapid population growth, and the spread of disease. Among technical challenges, public perception remains a significant barrier for the widespread adoption of cultivated meat. While social media has transformed communication globally, it has simultaneously contributed to corrupt online environments infected with misinformation—unintentional inaccuracies that differ from disinformation, which is spread with the intent to mislead. The way the public receives and digests information regarding new food technologies, like cultivated meat, will be shaped by their social media environment. …


Critical Geopolitics And The Reconstruction Of Meaning: A Discourse Analysis Of The 'Terrorism' Label Applied To Hamas By Western Hegemony, Cahaya Mulyani Sakti, M.Hamdan Basyar May 2026

Critical Geopolitics And The Reconstruction Of Meaning: A Discourse Analysis Of The 'Terrorism' Label Applied To Hamas By Western Hegemony, Cahaya Mulyani Sakti, M.Hamdan Basyar

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The emergence of Hamas in 1987 cannot be separated from the configuration of modern colonialism and the continuity of occupation that shaped the political reality. Hamas’s early phase was rooted in socio-religious activities through education and community empowerment programs, before evolving into armed resistance against the occupation. The labeling of Hamas as a “terrorist” organization began in the mid-1990s in U.S. legal documents, which subsequently generated debate and gave rise to counter-narratives. This study employs the frameworks of critical geopolitics (Ó Tuathail & Agnew) and the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak) to analyze the labeling of Hamas as “terrorist” by Western hegemony. …


Digital Communication And The Evolution Of Ideological Narratives In Indonesia: Insights From Social Media Platforms, Tia Mariatul Kibtiah, Muhammad Fikri Fawazi May 2026

Digital Communication And The Evolution Of Ideological Narratives In Indonesia: Insights From Social Media Platforms, Tia Mariatul Kibtiah, Muhammad Fikri Fawazi

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This study examines how pro-caliphate and anti-democratic narratives are articulated and normalised within YouTube comment spaces in Indonesia. As the world’s largest Muslim-majority country with high levels of digital engagement, Indonesia provides an important context for analysing how political-religious discourses circulate through everyday digital interaction. The research analyses 1,354 YouTube comments related to the caliphate, governance, and democracy. Data were collected using Google Apps Script, manually filtered for relevance, and examined through qualitative content analysis informed by Social Network Theory (SNT) and the Radicalisation Factor Model (RFM). The findings show that 34.49% of comments endorsed ideological pro-caliphate narratives, while 35.97% …


Governance Structures And Conflict Mitigation Strategies In Food Supply Chains: Evidence From Niger State, Nigeria, Araoye Olarinkoye Ajiboye, Aminu Kandi Suleiman, Habila Daniel Diko, Tayo Moses Adebayo May 2026

Governance Structures And Conflict Mitigation Strategies In Food Supply Chains: Evidence From Niger State, Nigeria, Araoye Olarinkoye Ajiboye, Aminu Kandi Suleiman, Habila Daniel Diko, Tayo Moses Adebayo

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Food supply chains in fragile and semi-institutionalised economies continue to experience persistent instability driven by weak governance structures and recurring conflicts among market actors. However, despite extensive studies on food system challenges in Nigeria, there remains limited empirical understanding of how governance structures interact with conflict mitigation mechanisms to shape system stability at the local market level. Available literature tends to treat governance and conflict management as separate processes, thus overlooking their interdependent dynamics within everyday market operations. This study addresses this gap by examining governance structures and conflict mitigation strategies in food supply chains in Niger State, Nigeria. Anchored …


Trends Of Pediatric Psychotropic Polypharmacy In Massachusetts Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gianna D'Ambrozio May 2026

Trends Of Pediatric Psychotropic Polypharmacy In Massachusetts Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gianna D'Ambrozio

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Youth in the U.S. and internationally are increasingly being diagnosed with depression and related psychiatric conditions (Murthy, 2021) many of whom are being subjected to non-evidence-based, or what has been termed irrational, psychotropic polypharmacy (Barnett & Concepcion Zayas, 2019). Psychotropic polypharmacy can be defined as “the use of 2 or more psychiatric medications in the same patient,” (Zito et al., 2021) though definitions can vary. Using data from the Center for Health Information Analysis’ Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database, this study examined the sociodemographic factors associated with high rates of polypharmacy, a hypothesized increase in pediatric psychotropic polypharmacy rates in Massachusetts …


"It's Such A Natural Fit": Integrating Reggio Emilia And Head Start For Emergent Multilinguals, Christina Bohr May 2026

"It's Such A Natural Fit": Integrating Reggio Emilia And Head Start For Emergent Multilinguals, Christina Bohr

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Early childhood education classrooms reflect the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of the United States where many children are raised speaking more than one language. Teachers in the early education field play a critical role in supporting children’s development of language and identity. Head Start, who serves a large population of emergent multilinguals (mls), plays an essential role in offering learning environments that foster language development in both English and their home language, among many other critical skills. The Reggio Emilia philosophy is a child-centered and community-oriented approach that promotes children’s independence, exploration, and intellectual development, and is frequently integrated …


Should I Stay Or Should I Go?: A Phenomenological Case Study Of Teacher Turnover In An Urban School Merger, Haven Jones May 2026

Should I Stay Or Should I Go?: A Phenomenological Case Study Of Teacher Turnover In An Urban School Merger, Haven Jones

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

School mergers are becoming a more common occurrence in urban school districts within the U.S., as an attempt to address student enrollment declines and resulting budgetary concerns. Yet very little research has been conducted to understand how the context of a school merger influences known K-12 education phenomena, such as the teacher turnover decision-making process. This study utilized a phenomenological case study approach to explore the impact of a school merger on teacher turnover within a specific middle school-high school merger in a Northeastern city. Fifteen teacher participants were interviewed and three primary source documents were analyzed to determine what …


Academic Identity Construction Among 1.5-Generation Students In Esl Business Communication Courses At A U.S. University, Rachel K. La Russo May 2026

Academic Identity Construction Among 1.5-Generation Students In Esl Business Communication Courses At A U.S. University, Rachel K. La Russo

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Although 1.5-generation students complete most of their K-12 schooling in the United States, at the university level they are often placed in ESL courses due to deficit views of multilingualism that assess their writing as grammatically inaccurate. Research shows ESL courses often fail to foster 1.5-generation students’ academic development, resulting in low educational achievement and high drop-out rates (Barsony, 2016; di Gennaro, 2016; Marchese, 2021; Uman, 2018). The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate academic identity construction among 1.5-generation students enrolled in two de facto ESL Business Communication courses at a large urban university in Fall 2022. Drawing …


Accounts Of Student Financial Aid Counselors: Identifying And Reducing Obstacles In Their Counseling Roles And Responsibilities, Andrew Joshua Marx May 2026

Accounts Of Student Financial Aid Counselors: Identifying And Reducing Obstacles In Their Counseling Roles And Responsibilities, Andrew Joshua Marx

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

In the financial aid office, student financial aid counselor positions are held by professionals often new to the field of financial aid. Their work supports students’ access to financial aid through routine updates to students’ accounts, counseling students on navigating the financial aid process, and guiding students on petitions for exceptions. Their ability to resolve the financial aid concerns of students may be constrained by obstacles that result from financial aid policy, challenging work conditions, or resource limitations. Their attitudes, behaviors, and conduct not only shape how financial aid policy is implemented but, crucially, place it in the context of …


Talk To Me: Exploring The Sociocultural Ecology Of Home Language And Literacy Practices Of Families In India, Surbhi Puri May 2026

Talk To Me: Exploring The Sociocultural Ecology Of Home Language And Literacy Practices Of Families In India, Surbhi Puri

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Existing research highlights the role of home language and literacy environments (HLLE) in shaping early language and literacy development, yet few studies have examined the practices of multilingual families in India. While home environments offer rich learning opportunities, broader sociocultural and policy contexts influence how families support literacy and language development. Families’ insights into home language use, literacy routines, and cultural practices remain underexplored in early childhood education research.

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the HLLE of preschool-aged children in India and examine how families support early language and literacy development within multilingual home …


Whose Knowledge Is Sustained?: Dominican Students’ Cultural And Linguistic Experiences Navigating White, Female, And Monolingual Pedagogical Spaces, Carminia Lissette Castillo May 2026

Whose Knowledge Is Sustained?: Dominican Students’ Cultural And Linguistic Experiences Navigating White, Female, And Monolingual Pedagogical Spaces, Carminia Lissette Castillo

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

This qualitative study examined how Dominican newcomer youth experience schooling in U.S. secondary schools, with emphasis on language, curriculum, identity, belonging, and students’ visions for more humanizing educational environments. Grounded in student testimonios, the study explored how school structures, pedagogical practices, and teacher–student relationships shape students’ academic engagement, emotional well-being, and sense of recognition as they navigate migration, language transition, and racialized identity formation. Informed by raciolinguistic, culturally sustaining, and critical interpretive frameworks, this study centered Dominican students’ voices as sources of knowledge about schooling, exclusion, and possibility. The findings comprise three central themes. First, students described raciolinguistic schooling …


Ai-Augmented Financial Advisors: Comparing Ai And Human Analyst Investment Recommendations In Agreement, Performance, And Firm Size Effects, Crystal Chen May 2026

Ai-Augmented Financial Advisors: Comparing Ai And Human Analyst Investment Recommendations In Agreement, Performance, And Firm Size Effects, Crystal Chen

Honors College Theses

This study examines the level of agreement and performance between artificial intelligence (AI) generated investment recommendations and human analyst recommendations across U.S. publicly traded firms. Using a sample of twelve companies categorized by firm size (large, mid, and small), the study collects buy, hold, or sell recommendations from generative AI systems and human analysts. Agreement between AI-to-AI and AI-to-human recommendations is measured using Cohen’s Kappa agreement. Portfolio performance is evaluated by constructing equal-weighted portfolios for each recommendation source and size category. Risk-adjusted returns are measured using the Sharpe ratio over 1-, 2-, and 3-month periods. Furthermore, the study tests whether …