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Managing Identity, Claiming Expertise, And Emotional Labor: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Of The Experience Of People With Serious Mental Illnesses In Primary Care, Jeffrey Ciak Jan 2026

Managing Identity, Claiming Expertise, And Emotional Labor: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Of The Experience Of People With Serious Mental Illnesses In Primary Care, Jeffrey Ciak

Theses and Dissertations

People with serious mental illnesses (SMI) die 15 to 20 years before their peers without mental illness primarily due to chronic physical health conditions. Preventative care and treatment for chronic physical health conditions primarily occurs through primary care, but the experience of people with SMI in primary care is understudied. This constructivist grounded theory dissertation explored the experiences of people with SMI in primary care. Theoretical sampling resulted in 19 participants who were adults with SMI and long-term anti-psychotic use. Data was collected through one-to-two-hour long intensive interviews. The analytical process occurred concurrently with data collection. The abductive analytical process …


The Inevitable Vagueness Of Medical Exceptions To Abortion Bans, Maxine Eichner, Mara Buchbinder, Abby Schultz, Cambray Smith, Amy G. Bryant Jan 2026

The Inevitable Vagueness Of Medical Exceptions To Abortion Bans, Maxine Eichner, Mara Buchbinder, Abby Schultz, Cambray Smith, Amy G. Bryant

Faculty Publications

In the aftermath of the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization removing federal constitutional protection for abortion, twenty states currently significantly restrict access to abortion. These state laws all include exceptions for the life of the pregnant person; most also exempt significant impairments to the pregnant patient’s health. Despite these exceptions, repeated accounts in the press and in court cases have shown pregnant patients in significant medical need being denied abortion care, resulting in serious injuries and, in some cases, death. The reasons for this denial of care, though, are disputed. Physicians have contended …


The Influence Of Metacognition On College Readiness And Persistence, Michael L. Fitzgerald Jan 2026

The Influence Of Metacognition On College Readiness And Persistence, Michael L. Fitzgerald

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation examined the influence that metacognition has on college readiness and its most traditionally used metrics: performance-based outcomes and persistence. Specifically, this study addressed to what degree underlying metacognitive structures differ between college students’ successful metrics of performance and persistence compared to a more general sample of college students.

The research characterized metacognition along three domains of analysis: (a) selfefficacy/ motivation, (b) soft skills/psychological capital (Psycap), and (c) expected value of control (EVC). The quantitative study included 54 college students and a crosssectional design. Participants completed a four-part Likert-style survey, where their responses were measured along the three …


Effect Of Employees’ Breakfast Choices On Energy Levels In The Hispanic Population Working In Healthcare In South Florida, Jennifer Rivas Jan 2026

Effect Of Employees’ Breakfast Choices On Energy Levels In The Hispanic Population Working In Healthcare In South Florida, Jennifer Rivas

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation was designed to examine the effect of employees’ breakfast choices on perceived energy levels among Hispanic healthcare workers in South Florida. As breakfast consumption has been widely associated with cognitive function, productivity, and metabolic stability, this research focused on understanding how specific breakfast patterns influence daily energy in a population that plays a critical role in regional healthcare delivery.

A qualitative survey was developed by the researcher and was used to collect data from Hispanic employees working in a variety of healthcare settings. Participants completed a structured survey assessing breakfast habits, nutritional quality, frequency of consumption, and …


Instructional Systems Design In Lesson Planning For Substance Use Treatment Groups: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study, Michelle Robin Gould Jan 2026

Instructional Systems Design In Lesson Planning For Substance Use Treatment Groups: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study, Michelle Robin Gould

Theses and Dissertations

This study explored lesson planning for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment groups, investigating the presence of components from the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) instructional systems design (ISD) process in routine facilitator lesson planning practices. Using an exploratory mixed-methods convergent parallel design, data were collected via an online survey featuring closed- and open-ended questions regarding self-reported planning activities and perceived effectiveness. Quantitative analysis confirmed that SUD facilitators perform tasks associated with all five ADDIE phases. Qualitative findings showed that facilitators perceive themselves as effective planners despite logistical and organizational constraints. However, facilitators do not appear to conceptually link instructional …


Faith, Doubt, And Belonging: Spiritual Trajectories Of University Students Under Conditions Of Full-Scale War, Nataliia Ishchuk, Anna Laputko, Yaroslava Demydenko, Iryna Vasiuk, Serhii Kiriienko Jan 2026

Faith, Doubt, And Belonging: Spiritual Trajectories Of University Students Under Conditions Of Full-Scale War, Nataliia Ishchuk, Anna Laputko, Yaroslava Demydenko, Iryna Vasiuk, Serhii Kiriienko

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The article examines the transformation of religiosity among Ukrainian university students under conditions of the full-scale russian-Ukrainian war. The study aims to identify the specific features of religious self-identification among students of the Bogomolets National Medical University and changes in their attitudes toward religion following the outbreak of the full-scale invasion. The application of the case study method made it possible to examine these processes within a local student community by comparing different dimensions of religiosity, including the place of religion within individuals’ worldviews, denominational affiliation, and subjectively perceived changes in attitudes toward religion under wartime conditions. The findings reveal …


Teachers' Perceptions Of Proactive And Reactive Behavior Management Strategies, Anna Wilzbach Jan 2026

Teachers' Perceptions Of Proactive And Reactive Behavior Management Strategies, Anna Wilzbach

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to expand the praise literature by examining K-12 teachers’ preferences for proactive behavior management strategies (e.g., praise, acknowledgement, rewards). In addition, teachers’ opinions on the efficacy of proactive strategies were assessed to see if efficacy of strategies decreased as grade level increased. Teacher opinions of efficacy and preferences for proactive strategies and reprimand were collected through the Teacher Praise and Reprimand Preference Survey (TPRPS). A total of 93 teachers from rural and suburban school districts completed the TPRPS survey. Results indicated as grade level increased, teachers found praise less effective for managing student appropriate …


The Role Of International Student Office Directors In Facilitating The Transitional Adjustment Of International Students In U.S Higher Education, Agnes Afi Yigah Jan 2026

The Role Of International Student Office Directors In Facilitating The Transitional Adjustment Of International Students In U.S Higher Education, Agnes Afi Yigah

Masters Theses

This qualitative study explored how International Student Office Directors facilitate the transitional adjustment of international students in U.S. higher education institutions. Guided by Schlossberg’s Transition Theory (1981) and Schlossberg’s Mattering and Marginality Theory (1989), this study examined the challenges international students face, the support strategies implemented by International Student Office Directors, and the institutional factors influencing student adjustment and well-being. International students experience challenges related to housing and logistical adjustment, financial and immigration-related stressors, academic system adjustment and self-advocacy, and social integration and emotional adjustment. Proactive and holistic support approaches, including pre-arrival communication, orientation programs, academic support, emotional support, and …


“If He Did It, I Can Do It, Too. I Can Change My Life Around”: The Social Model Of Recovery Within The Context Of Recovery Homes Accepting Residents Prescribed Medications For Opioid Use Disorder, Jodie M Dewey, Kathryn R Gallardo, Meenakshi S Subbaraman, Amy A Mericle Jan 2026

“If He Did It, I Can Do It, Too. I Can Change My Life Around”: The Social Model Of Recovery Within The Context Of Recovery Homes Accepting Residents Prescribed Medications For Opioid Use Disorder, Jodie M Dewey, Kathryn R Gallardo, Meenakshi S Subbaraman, Amy A Mericle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: This paper provides an in-depth examination of examines four recovery residences, that serve individuals prescribed medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The study has two primary aims: first, to deepen understanding of how recovery residences adopt and operationalize Social Model of Recovery principles; and second, to identify gaps in staff integration of residents receiving MOUD-gaps that may either support or undermine the integrity of the social model within these settings.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 residents receiving MOUD living in four participating recovery homes. The interviews were conducted between August 2022 and January 2024 using a semi-structured …


Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Are Associated With Less Later-Life Cognitive Decline In A Longitudinal, Prospective Cohort, Molly M Fox, Jennifer E Bramen, Dayoon Kwon, Mark A Espeland, Yijia Sun, Li Zhang, Aladdin H Shadyab, Ramon Casanova, Joann E Manson, Marcus Y Chang, Verna R Porter, Leslie V Farland, Qian Xiao, Robert A Wild, Prabha Siddarth, Carolyn J Crandall Jan 2026

Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Are Associated With Less Later-Life Cognitive Decline In A Longitudinal, Prospective Cohort, Molly M Fox, Jennifer E Bramen, Dayoon Kwon, Mark A Espeland, Yijia Sun, Li Zhang, Aladdin H Shadyab, Ramon Casanova, Joann E Manson, Marcus Y Chang, Verna R Porter, Leslie V Farland, Qian Xiao, Robert A Wild, Prabha Siddarth, Carolyn J Crandall

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The brains of female mammals evolved to undergo structural and functional changes during pregnancy and lactation, equipping them for motherhood. However, long-term cognitive health implications of these adaptations in women are poorly understood.

Methods: In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS; n = 7427) and WHI Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA; n = 2304), postmenopausal women completed reproductive history interviews, annual global cognitive assessment from mean age 70 for up to 13 years, and multi-domain cognitive testing for up to 8 years.

Results: Each additional month pregnant was associated with higher scores of global cognition. Each additional …


Adapting A Smartphone-Based Auricular Point Acupressure Self-Management Program For Rural Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Qualitative Study, Jungkyung Min, Peiyin Hung, Jane N Bolin, Rupsikha Bora, Sarah Pace, Patricia Pitones, Hulin Wu, Jennifer Kawi Jan 2026

Adapting A Smartphone-Based Auricular Point Acupressure Self-Management Program For Rural Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Qualitative Study, Jungkyung Min, Peiyin Hung, Jane N Bolin, Rupsikha Bora, Sarah Pace, Patricia Pitones, Hulin Wu, Jennifer Kawi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is more prevalent in rural areas where access to pain interventions, including complementary approaches like Auricular Point Acupressure (APA), remains limited. APA is a non-invasive, needle-free approach, and its smartphone-based self-management delivery model has not been optimized for rural contexts.

Objectives: To explore the perspectives of rural partners on adapting a smartphone-based Auricular Point Acupressure-Self-Management (APA-SM) program to better meet rural needs. Study objectives were to: (1) refine the APA-SM program for rural adults, (2) identify implementation barriers, (3) understand practice workflows and engagement, and (4) identify strategies to integrate the APA-SM program into rural pain …


Religious Radio Broadcasting In Ukraine In The Context Of Digital Mediatisation And Social Transformation, Oleh Sokolovskyi, Olena Yurchuk Jan 2026

Religious Radio Broadcasting In Ukraine In The Context Of Digital Mediatisation And Social Transformation, Oleh Sokolovskyi, Olena Yurchuk

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The study carries out a religious studies analysis of contemporary forms of spiritual communication implemented through audio and digital media platforms. The work highlights the particular features of organizing religious broadcasting under conditions of transformation of the information space, when traditional models of transmitting doctrine become integrated into new technological formats. Mechanisms of the formation of religious identity, ways of maintaining spiritual continuity, and strategies of interaction between religious institutions and their audiences are examined. An analysis is conducted of the structures that ensure access to spiritual content, including forms of catechetical communication, mentoring practices, and models of pastoral support …


Occupational Identity & Career Preparation, Leah Shea Simpkins, Karen R. Puckett Jan 2026

Occupational Identity & Career Preparation, Leah Shea Simpkins, Karen R. Puckett

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Regardless of the profession, having occupational identity is highly important. Students are in need of preparing themselves for their future careers whilst in college. Having a career portfolio is a great tool for students to have upon graduation which showcases their occupational identities regarding future career preparedness.


Using Market Research To Teach Durable Skills, Zachary Miller, Justin R. Dodd Jan 2026

Using Market Research To Teach Durable Skills, Zachary Miller, Justin R. Dodd

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

This paper is a case study on the use of a market research assignment to develop durable skills that directly transfer to professional environments. By engaging students in the development of a personal financial budget, the assignment provides a practical context for applying quantitative reasoning and critical thinking.


Exploring Faculty And Student Experiences With Languages: Building Durable Skills Through Multilingual Engagement, Ali Yaylali, Cui Zhang, Sara Rico-Godoy Jan 2026

Exploring Faculty And Student Experiences With Languages: Building Durable Skills Through Multilingual Engagement, Ali Yaylali, Cui Zhang, Sara Rico-Godoy

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

This creative activity focuses on students’ and multilingual faculty members' real-life experiences navigating linguistic and cultural diversity. The informal dialogue across multiple undergraduate courses in a third space strengthens student learning by enhancing multiple durable skills such as intercultural communication, career readiness, and the understanding of different cultural backgrounds.


Durable Skill Development Through Creative Audio Projects: Student Podcasting, Meg Gravil, Jeff Reed Jan 2026

Durable Skill Development Through Creative Audio Projects: Student Podcasting, Meg Gravil, Jeff Reed

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Students in two classes, one face-to-face and one asynchronous online, created podcasts to meet course objectives while engaging in durable skill development. Creating podcasts enabled students to navigate cultural, developmental, and familial differences through discussion with others. Student feedback on podcasting as a course assessment was reflective and positive.


Harnessing Ai For Medical Education: A Faculty Development Series For Pre-Clinical And Clinical Educators, April Hatcher, Tama The Jan 2026

Harnessing Ai For Medical Education: A Faculty Development Series For Pre-Clinical And Clinical Educators, April Hatcher, Tama The

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

This manuscript describes a faculty development series designed to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education. Faculty participants discussed practical applications of AI, student perspectives on their use of AI, and innovative collaborative projects with local faculty. This short series was scaffolded as an introduction to AI for medical educators.


Tek Faculty Fellows: Building Faculty Confidence In Teaching Durable Skills Through Transdisciplinary Collaboration, Shawna Felkins, Madeline Aulisio Miller, Trey Conatser, Diane Parr Jan 2026

Tek Faculty Fellows: Building Faculty Confidence In Teaching Durable Skills Through Transdisciplinary Collaboration, Shawna Felkins, Madeline Aulisio Miller, Trey Conatser, Diane Parr

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

The TEK Faculty Fellows program was created to support faculty in the design of new courses or enhancement of existing courses to engage students in transdisciplinary learning and skill-building. This paper shares early evaluation findings and practical strategies to support faculty in making durable skills more visible in the classroom.


The Fcom (Frist College Of Medicine) Experience: A Faculty Development Strategy In A New Medical School, Jamie Shaffer, Hope Terhaar Jan 2026

The Fcom (Frist College Of Medicine) Experience: A Faculty Development Strategy In A New Medical School, Jamie Shaffer, Hope Terhaar

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

The FCoM Experience is a faculty development initiative designed to improve teaching quality, technological fluency, and culture at a new medical school. Grounded in peer observation and the Communities of Practice model, it fosters durable teaching skills through simulation, feedback, and reflection—offering a scalable model for medical education innovation.


Better Practices In Feedback, Sarah Wackerbarth, Madeline Aulisio Miller Jan 2026

Better Practices In Feedback, Sarah Wackerbarth, Madeline Aulisio Miller

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Feedback is an essential part of the learning process. This paper examines various types of feedback, identifies barriers, and presents practices for enhancing classroom feedback. A case study of quick polling in an online course demonstrates how to collect timely student feedback to improve teaching.


Learning By Doing: The Client/Patient Assessment Interview, Marie A. Mater Jan 2026

Learning By Doing: The Client/Patient Assessment Interview, Marie A. Mater

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

The National Association of Colleges and Employers (2024) identifies “communication” as a required competency for a career-ready workforce. One crucial type of communication with clients or patients is the assessment interview. This paper discusses a strategy for teaching the durable skill of “Client/Patient Assessment Interviews” in hypothetical face-to-face classroom situations.


Encouraging Adaptability And Resilience In The College Classroom, Amanda Joyce Jan 2026

Encouraging Adaptability And Resilience In The College Classroom, Amanda Joyce

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Employers often view Gen Z as lacking resilience, yet research shows they thrive in supportive, growth-oriented environments. This piece explores how educators can foster adaptability and resilience in students, helping them succeed in the modern workforce.


Feedback That Connects: Building Strong Relationships Through Formative Critique, Peter Edwards Jan 2026

Feedback That Connects: Building Strong Relationships Through Formative Critique, Peter Edwards

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Formative Critique (FC) guides student work through feedback, reflection, and self-regulated learning. Blending aspects of critique and assessment, FC is an evaluation technique with transdisciplinary potential. This article explores research, strategies for engagement, and the lasting impact they can have on student achievement in higher education.


Navigating Shadows: The Intersection Of Lgbtqia+ Stigma, Substance Abuse And Mental Health In College Life, Erin Stevenson, Stephanie Saulnier Jan 2026

Navigating Shadows: The Intersection Of Lgbtqia+ Stigma, Substance Abuse And Mental Health In College Life, Erin Stevenson, Stephanie Saulnier

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

This study explores the impact of stigma on LGBTQIA+ college students’ mental health and substance use, highlighting pedagogical implications. Survey data from college students reveal the impacts of enacted, perceived, and internalized stigma. Findings underscore the need for inclusive educational practices that support identity development, resilience, and student well-being.


Simulating Success: Career-Ready Skill Development Through Interactive Learning, Thomas E. Stevens Jan 2026

Simulating Success: Career-Ready Skill Development Through Interactive Learning, Thomas E. Stevens

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Online education presents challenges of engaging students and cultivating career-ready (“durable”) skills. Simulation-based learning in an online, synchronous environment may enhance student engagement while developing real-world skills. This study examines how simulation-based exercises can impact learning outcomes in online paralegal education and assist instructor assessment of those outcomes.


The Critical Role Of Faculty As Buffering The Impact Of Discrimination On College Student Aspirations, Kristen Campbell Jan 2026

The Critical Role Of Faculty As Buffering The Impact Of Discrimination On College Student Aspirations, Kristen Campbell

Pedagogicon Conference Proceedings

Research reveals discrimination's negative impact on university students. Yet, positive faculty relationships can counter these effects. This research explores how trust in faculty buffers discrimination's impact. Results show discrimination correlates with stress and diminished belonging but trust in faculty mitigates these effects, emphasizing faculty's role in fostering supportive campus environments.


Impact Of Family And Social Determinants Of Health On Behavioral And Bmi Outcomes In Adolescents With And Without Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: An Ecological System Perspective, Pingnan Li Jan 2026

Impact Of Family And Social Determinants Of Health On Behavioral And Bmi Outcomes In Adolescents With And Without Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: An Ecological System Perspective, Pingnan Li

Social Work Theses

Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which behavioral and physical health outcomes are shaped by social and family determinants of health; yet limited research has examined how these determinants operate among adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) within a multilevel ecological framework. To address this gap, this thesis used data from Years 9 and 15 of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), with a final analytic sample of 3,176 adolescents at Year 15, including 150 with IDD. Descriptive analyses first examined the differences in demographic characteristics, behavioral outcomes (externalizing and internalizing behaviors), and physical outcomes …


The Language Of Vulnerable Narcissism: Linguistic And Thematic Patterns Among College Students, Bradly Mcginnis Jan 2026

The Language Of Vulnerable Narcissism: Linguistic And Thematic Patterns Among College Students, Bradly Mcginnis

Dissertations and Theses

Narcissistic personality disorder, as currently described within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), emphasizes grandiose narcissistic traits, such as a need for admiration and an inflated sense of self-importance. However, the current conceptualization of narcissistic personality disorder within the DSM-5-TR does not explicitly include vulnerable narcissistic traits. Vulnerable narcissistic traits may also be mistaken for depressive symptoms due to similarities in their presentation. The present study used a mixed-methods approach to examine linguistic differences among these constructs and explore whether patterns in language could help disentangle their overlap. Quantitative analyses examined differences in linguistic features, including …


2026 Iapc Residential Summer Course Roster, Maughn Rollins Gregory Jan 2026

2026 Iapc Residential Summer Course Roster, Maughn Rollins Gregory

Documentation

This year we had seven IAPC staff members, six participants (from Japan, the Philippines, Turkey, and the US), and four visitors from Hawai'i.


Associations Between Contralesional Neuroplasticity And Motor Impairment Through Deep Learning-Derived Mri Regional Brain Age In Chronic Stroke (Enigma): A Multicohort, Retrospective, Observational Study, Gilsoon Park, Mahir Khan, Justin Andrushko, Nerisa Banaj, Michael Borich, Lara Boyd, Amy Brodtmann, Truman Brown, Cathrin Buetefisch, Adriana Conforto, Steven Cramer, Michael Dimyan, Martin Domin, Miranda Donnelly, Natalia Egorova-Brumley, Elsa Ermer, Wuwei Feng, Fatemeh Geranmayeh, Colleen Hanlon, Brenton Hordacre, Neda Jahanshad, Steven Kautz, Mohamed Salah Khlif, Jingchun Liu, Martin Lotze, Bradley Macintosh, Feroze Mohamed, Jan Nordvik, Fabrizio Piras, Kate Revill, Andrew Robertson, Christian Schranz, Nicolas Schweighofer, Na Jin Seo, Surjo Soekadar, Shraddha Srivastava, Bethany Tavenner, Gregory Thielman, Sophia Thomopoulos, Daniela Vecchio, Emilio Werden, Lars Westlye, Carolee Winstein, George Wittenberg, Jennifer Ferris, Chunshui Yu, Paul Thompson, Sook-Lei Liew, Hosung Kim Jan 2026

Associations Between Contralesional Neuroplasticity And Motor Impairment Through Deep Learning-Derived Mri Regional Brain Age In Chronic Stroke (Enigma): A Multicohort, Retrospective, Observational Study, Gilsoon Park, Mahir Khan, Justin Andrushko, Nerisa Banaj, Michael Borich, Lara Boyd, Amy Brodtmann, Truman Brown, Cathrin Buetefisch, Adriana Conforto, Steven Cramer, Michael Dimyan, Martin Domin, Miranda Donnelly, Natalia Egorova-Brumley, Elsa Ermer, Wuwei Feng, Fatemeh Geranmayeh, Colleen Hanlon, Brenton Hordacre, Neda Jahanshad, Steven Kautz, Mohamed Salah Khlif, Jingchun Liu, Martin Lotze, Bradley Macintosh, Feroze Mohamed, Jan Nordvik, Fabrizio Piras, Kate Revill, Andrew Robertson, Christian Schranz, Nicolas Schweighofer, Na Jin Seo, Surjo Soekadar, Shraddha Srivastava, Bethany Tavenner, Gregory Thielman, Sophia Thomopoulos, Daniela Vecchio, Emilio Werden, Lars Westlye, Carolee Winstein, George Wittenberg, Jennifer Ferris, Chunshui Yu, Paul Thompson, Sook-Lei Liew, Hosung Kim

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Stroke leads to complex chronic structural and functional brain changes that specifically affect motor outcomes. The brain predicted age difference (PAD) has emerged as a sensitive biomarker of both sensorimotor and cognitive function after stroke. Our previous study showed a higher global brain PAD associated with poorer motor function after stroke. However, the association between local stroke lesion load, regional brain age, and motor impairment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between focal lesion damage, regional brain PAD in both hemispheres, and motor outcomes in chronic stroke, and to identify key predictors of motor impairment.

METHODS: …