Digital Commons Network^™

Intelligence Reform At 20: How Joint Military Intelligence Lost Its Groove And How To Get It Back, Laura J. Coco-Hampton, Karalee G. Picard

Joint Force Quarterly

On the 20-year anniversary of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act (IRTPA), two DIA officers examine the impact of analytic tradecraft reforms and the over-emphasis on intelligence analyst skills over intelligence product outputs, particularly to the Joint Force. As a result, a large number of intelligence analysts no longer speak the same language as the Joint Force, instead adhering exclusively to analytic tradecraft and processes developed independent from joint doctrine warfighter support requirements. This paper aims to identify and outline structural reasons behind key gaps in intelligence analytic support to the Joint Force and also to recommend changes to …

Human, Machine, War: How The Mind-Tech Nexus Will Win Future Wars, Frank Hoffman

Joint Force Quarterly

In his review of Human, Machine, War, Frank Hoffman explores a timely and thought-provoking anthology that examines how the fusion of human cognition and advanced technologies will define success in future warfare. Edited by Nicholas Wright, Michael Miklaucic, and Todd Veazie, the book argues that winning tomorrow’s conflicts hinges not just on technological superiority, but on mastering the interplay between human factors and emerging capabilities like AI, neuroscience, and cognitive enhancement. Featuring insights from leading defense thinkers, including retired Lieutenant General Jack Shanahan and defense neuroscientist James Giordano, the volume delves into the ethical, operational, and strategic dimensions of …

Revive: Getting Medical Supplies And Expertise Right In Distributed Maritime Operations, Seth Reini, Jonathan J. Haase

Joint Force Quarterly

In recent conflicts, military medical providers have set impressive records for battlefield care, setting a “golden hour” precedent. In a conflict with the People's Republic of China, however, the “golden hour” aspiration will be severely challenged if not untenable. Here, the paradigm will be Distributed Maritime Operations, air superiority will be challenged, and vast distances exist between treatment locations. With patients potentially being held for hours or days, updated medical treatment strategies, logistics methodologies, and transport capabilities will be necessary. This paper focuses on leveraging Military Sealift Command platforms for multi-mission usage by transporting medical supplies to Navy ships in …

Increasing Operational Access: A Strategy For The Western Pacific, Shaun F. Callahan

Joint Force Quarterly

This article presents a comprehensive argument for why the United States must enhance its military and strategic mobility in the Western Pacific to counter the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) growing regional assertiveness. The article contends that maintaining a Free and Open Indo-Pacific requires a whole-of-government approach to operational access, blending diplomatic outreach, economic engagement, strategic communication, and military posture. Current U.S. basing and access agreements, rooted in Cold War dynamics, no longer suffice for effective power projection in today’s contested environment. To enable integrated deterrence and flexible crisis response, the United States must expand distributed access points, deepen partnerships, …

From High Seas To Highlands: Framing U.S. Defense Strategy With Southeast Asia’S Geography, Caitlin P. Irby

Joint Force Quarterly

The 2022 United States National Security Strategy prioritized competing with China and this focus seems likely to continue with the new administration.[i] Southeast Asia’s growing economic relevance and proximity to China mean that the US can secure significant gains on numerous goals by focusing on this region. To support developing an appropriate strategy, this paper identifies what features make Southeast Asia relevant to the US, potential flashpoints for conflict, and outlines the characteristics of a potential conflict. With this information the author then proposes specific steps to ensure that the United States military maintains the capability to protect US …

Rightsizing The Pla Air Force: Revisiting An Analytic Framework, Lauren Edson, Phillip C. Saunders

Joint Force Quarterly

This article evaluates the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) from 2007 to 2025 using the Saunders-Quam framework, which identifies four core trade-offs: changes in roles and missions, domestic versus foreign procurement, high-tech versus low-tech systems, and combat versus support aircraft. While the framework remains a useful analytical tool, it underestimated the Chinese Communist Party’s willingness to fund expensive modernization efforts and the rapid advancements in China’s defense industrial base. The article identifies key factors missing from the original framework such as doctrinal shifts, increased emphasis on counterintervention, maritime expansion, and the rise of unmanned systems. It …

Detecting Road Geometry Anomalies In Digital Maps Via Computational Physics Modeling, Yue Hu, Jose Jimenez-Olivas, Amey Venkatanarayan, Kamakshi Kodur, Yen-Ting Liu, Zhewen Song, Lifan Chen, Chris Antilla, Shu-Wei Cheng, Boris Mazniker

Defensive Publications Series

Detecting geometric road anomalies in digital maps at a large scale can present a challenge, as some conventional methods may exhibit limitations in precision and result in a higher rate of false positives. A method and system are described that can identify these anomalies by simulating a vehicle's traversal of a given road segment to assess its kinematic feasibility. The model can analyze the change in the road centerline's bending energy before and after lane rendering and can predict the probability of a vehicle spin-out based on lateral acceleration. This approach may allow for accurate, scalable detection and quantification of …

A System For Predictive Crowd Management Using Coupled Analysis Of Crowd State And Environmental Information, Mithun Kumar S R

Defensive Publications Series

Some crowd management systems analyze crowd dynamics, such as density and flow, in isolation from the physical environment. The disclosed system can couple a Dynamic Crowd State Vector, which may quantify real-time crowd metrics, with a Hyper-Local Condition Vector, which may quantify environmental factors such as surface integrity, passage width, and lighting. A machine learning model can process the real-time interaction between these two vectors to generate a unified, predictive risk score for a specific geographic zone. The resulting coupled analysis may facilitate the proactive identification of context-specific hazards, such as moderate crowds in some conditions, which may aid in …

On-Product And On-Advertisement Encoding For Visual Product Identification, Tal Cohen, Praveen Krishnakumar

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a method for on-product and on-advertisement encoding for visual product identification. Visual search technologies can have difficulty distinguishing between product models that are highly similar or visually identical, which may lead to incorrect identifications and a suboptimal user experience. The described method involves embedding a unique product identifier, like a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), onto a physical product or into its advertisements through an invisible watermark. This watermark is composed of subtle, algorithmically detectable variations in color or pattern that are imperceptible to the human eye, such as stripes of nearly identical shades on a fabric. …

Automatic Detection Of Multi-Customer Power Outages Using Aggregated Device Connectivity, Daniel Klein, Mel Bass

Defensive Publications Series

Some existing methods for detecting power outages may rely on manual customer reports, which can be slow, or inaccurate, and may be unfeasible when communication networks are overwhelmed or damaged. A method is disclosed that can enable automatic outage detection by aggregating and analyzing the connectivity status of a large number of internet-connected devices (e.g., smart speakers, IoT appliances, network routers) across multiple locations. A simultaneous loss of communication from a high density of geolocated devices in a particular area may be used to infer an outage. By correlating signals from diverse devices and service providers, including, for example, those …

Automatic Accessibility Verification Using Multimodal Data, Yash Dave, Jaydeep Untwal, Rakhi Parekh

Defensive Publications Series

Accessibility information on mapping platforms can be self-reported by businesses, which may lead to uncertainty for users with accessibility needs. This disclosure describes a method for automatically verifying accessibility claims using multimodal data. A system can analyze street-level imagery to detect physical features, such as ramps, and can process user-generated text reviews for accessibility-related keywords. This combined data may be input into a fine-tuned AI model to assess the presence of accessibility features at a given location. The outcome can be an indicator, for example a badge on a business profile, which can provide users with verifiable information, assisting them …

Continuous Private Location Tracking Of Mobile Devices Using Satellite Communications And Other Infrastructure, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Some existing location tracking methods may not provide reliable, real-time data for mobile devices in environments with limited or no cellular connectivity, such as over air and sea. The disclosed system can address this by using a hybrid communication method that may dynamically switch between networks such as satellite (satcom), wireless local area networks (WLAN), cellular, and other networks. The system may employ virtual geofences to trigger location updates, which can help optimize power consumption. During periods of no connectivity, a predictive analytics model may estimate the device’s position by integrating device sensor data, historical travel patterns, and external data …

System For Modeling Local Inventory From Multimodal, Unstructured Data Signals, Cathal D'Arcy, Nicolas Garnier, Yiqing Zhao, Alisa Khatipova, Anton Minashkin, Jack Collins, Kathrin Schuler, Pawan Kumar, Richard Ledley

Defensive Publications Series

The disclosed technology describes a method for programmatically predicting conceptual-level product availability, such as for brands, categories, and product lines, for stores that can lack detailed inventory feeds. A machine learning model can ingest and analyze multimodal signals, including unstructured data from user-generated content like in-store photos, crawled website, and text/images. The model processes this evidence to predict the level of confidence that a given product concept is available at a specific local store. This method can increase local product data coverage without requiring formal inventory feeds from merchants, enabling a system to surface more relevant in-store product information to …

الفريق المفاوض ودوره في حل الأزمات, محمود سليمان جبريل القطيشات

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على دور الفريق المفاوض في حل وإدارة الازمات وكيفية التعامل مع شتى المعوقات والصعوبات التي تقف عائقاً امام حل الازمات ، والتعرف إلى الاستراتيجيات والأساليب التي يتبعها الفريق المفاوض في تعامله مع الأزمات بشكل عام . اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في تناول كيفية تشكيل واختيار الفريق المفاوض ودوه في حل الأزمات ومن ثم تسليط الضوء ايضاً على الاستراتيجيات وطرق تعامل الفرق المفاوضة في حل النزاعات. أظهرت النتائج وجوب حل الازمات من خلال تبني الفريق المفاوض ابتكار نظم أو نشاطات تمكن من استيعاب ومواجهة الظروف الجديدة المترتبة على التغيرات الفجائية وبالأخص التركيز على تشكيل الفرق …

The Interpretation Of Wisc-V Gai-Cpi Discrepancies In Adolescents: Cognitive, Attentional, And Symptom Correlates, Cierra Hernandez

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Parenting Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Covid-19 Pandemic Related Stress On Parenting Behaviors With Implications For Family Systems Theory, Ilana Bergman

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Parental Perceptions Of Informal Learning From Digital Devices And Physical Toys, Julie Calderon

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Ud Wildlife Ecologist Awarded Odnr Grant To Track Black Bears Recolonizing Ohio, Dave Larsen

College of Arts and Sciences Newsroom

The four-year grant will support the field activities of the faculty member, a doctoral student and undergraduate research technicians.

Truth, Resilience, And Healing: Deepen Understanding Of Native American Federal Boarding School Histories, Toya D. Holiday

Dissertations

Indigenous communities have endured the long-standing impacts of U.S. Federal Indian boarding school policy. The history of Indigenous boarding school policies and the underlying intent to enact cultural genocide is unknown and unacknowledged. The perspectives of Indigenous Peoples have been excluded from dominant narratives, and until recently, from heritage site programming, leading to intergenerational trauma, fragmented identities, and the misrepresentation of Indigenous cultures and experiences. This basic qualitative study asked the question: When the four-truth framework, developed by the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, is applied to U.S. Federal Indian boarding school policy, Native American boarding school history, and …

Conceptualizing The Research Cycle For The Field Of Materials Science And Engineering, Jennifer L.W. Carter

Faculty Scholarship

Abstract: Early-career materials researchers often receive guidance from their individual advisors on best practices for conducting research, but the materials science community lacks an explicit model of the research process. As a result, the lived experience of an individual researcher can be quite different from their peers since they may be exposed to a different unique set of implicit research steps. In this article, we translate an existing research heuristic from other fields and make explicit the steps, methodologies, and strategies materials science engineering researchers utilize to advance our collective materials science knowledge. This newly proposed research cycle can improve …

The Clock Is Ticking: A Systemic Review Of The Literature Informing High School Student Self-Agency In Managing Mental Health Issues For The Purpose Of Staying In Class And Learning, Chantal Ritter-Meserve

Educational Studies Dissertations

This dissertation grounded in a dual-theoretical framework of Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory and the Black Panther Party’s Revolutionary Theory of CommunityEmpowerment presents a systematic review of the literature exploring how high school students impacted by trauma, poverty, and systemic inequities utilize self-efficacy to remain engaged in learning, especially when immediate access to school-based mental health support is limited. 150 research articles across educational, psychological and sociopolitical domains were screened and 28 articles were analyzed to answer the three guided research questions:

1. How do mental health challenges affect high school students’ academic engagement?

2. How do high school students with self-efficacy …

Exploring K-12 Teachers’ Definitions And Perspectives Of Cybersecurity, Gina Childers, Weverton Ataide Pinheiro, Oluwatosin Daramola, C Lindsay Linsky, Bryson Payne, Jack Byers, Daniel Baker

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Because K-12 teachers have access to private educational data, they are increasingly at risk of being affected by cybersecurity threats. Examining how teachers conceptualize cybersecurity is vital so that cybersecurity training can be tailored to teachers’ understanding of cybersecurity. This study examined K-12 teachers’ (n = 255) personalized definitions of cybersecurity as these perceptions may influence online behaviors. These definitions were also reviewed by teacher type (cybersecurity teacher or non-cybersecurity teacher), teacher self-identified gender, and teacher age. The cybersecurity definitions were aligned and contextualized within a modified NICE Framework Core with a specific focus on three areas: protection and monitoring, …

A Review Of Automation In Small Satellite Operations, Joseph Melville, Andrew Narvaez, Lee Jasper

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

In the context of congested orbital space, the proliferation of small satellite constellations aims to enhance resilience and responsiveness in on-orbit systems. The escalating number and diversity of small satellites and the need for intersatellite coordination pose operational challenges. Chief among these challenges is that the quantity of operators needed to fully utilize these deployed systems is prohibitively large and expensive; further, operators simply may not be responsive enough to events.

Automated systems, both on-board and ground-based, offer a viable solution to streamline various operational tasks. The integration of automation mitigates the operational burden, minimizes errors originating from human intervention, …

Impact Of Self-Stigma And Covid-19 On Mental Health Attitudes, Distress, And Service Use Among Young Adults, Mariel Boyle

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Providing Instructional Literacy Videos Increases Literacy And Parent Engagement, Maryjoann Wilks

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract MaryJoAnn Wilks Providing Instructional Literacy Videos Increases Literacy and Parent Engagement 2023-2025 Thesis chair Susan Browne, Ed.D., Professor, Department Critical Literacy, Technology & Multilingual Education Master of Arts in Reading Education This qualitative research project explored the impact of a family literacy program designed to enhance third-grade students’ reading skills through the use of instructional videos and at-home literacy activities. Conducted in the town of Bridgeton, New Jersey, the study focused on themes of preparation, motivation, and participation to examine how families engaged with the program and supported their children's learning. Data were collected through observations, parent feedback, and …

A Machine Learning Approach To Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, Spencer Snow Chandler

Theses and Dissertations

X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) is a powerful method in material sciences that gives insights into the atomical and crystallographic structure of a material, revealing information into the material's properties and suitability for industrial and scientific application. In geology, XRPD analysis is frequently leveraged to identify and quantify the present mineral phases in an unknown mixture. Despite it's widespread use, interpreting XRPD patterns requires highly-specialized knowledge, making the analysis largely dependent upon the background experience of the analyst. To assist experts, computational methods have been developed over the years. Some of these techniques involve fitting diffraction patterns using pseudo-Voigt functions, which …

White Students' Perceptions Of Campus Racial Climate And White Racial Identity Development At A Predominately White Liberal Arts Institution, Katie O'Brien

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study is to examine the perceptions of White students about campus racial climate at a predominantly White liberal arts college in connection with students’ White racial identity development and liberal arts curriculum. The research study aims to promote a better understanding of campus racial climate at PWIs from the perspective of White students to provide insights on ways to improve campus racial climate, specifically for students of color. The data for this project were primarily collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews with White students. Quantitative data was also collected in the form of a racial attitudes assessment …

Picture This: An Event Designed To Increase Awareness Of And Empathy For Individuals Who Experience Scrupulosity, Savannah M. Travis

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Scrupulosity, also known as religious OCD, is often misunderstood and under-recognized by those who have experienced it. This research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating experience design theories and frameworks with research on scrupulosity, to develop an event that aims to increase awareness and empathy among attendees for individuals who experience scrupulosity. The experience design frameworks applied include the design thinking process, the self-determination theory, and the experience-type framework. Current research suggests that there is a need for further research on the case studies and qualitative phenotypes of individuals who have experienced scrupulosity, which this study aims to address.

As part …

The Potential Of Microbial Fuel Cells As A Dual Solution For Sustainable Wastewater Treatment And Energy Generation: A Case Study, Shajjadur Rahman Shajid, Monjur Mourshed, Md. Golam Kibria, Bahman Shabani

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bio-electrochemical systems that harness microorganisms to convert organic pollutants in wastewater directly into electricity, offering a dual solution for sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation. This paper presents a holistic techno-economic and environmental feasibility assessment of largescale MFC deployment in Dhaka’s industrial zone, Bangladesh, as a relevant case study. Here, treating 100,000 cubic meters of wastewater daily would require a capital investment of approximately USD 500 million, with a total project cost ranging between USD 307.38 million and 1.711 billion, depending on system configurations. This setup has an estimated theoretical energy recovery of 478.4 …

Tightrope Walking: Lived Experiences Of Adult Siblings Of Individuals With Severe Autism, Anna Dega

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.