Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Coniferous Trees And Water Availability On Soil Acidification, Jessica A. Cheever

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Mary Poulson, PhD

Water availability and coniferous tree species can cause acidification and a change in soil fertility. Previous research in European forests found that rainfall, soil acidity, and conifer prevalence influenced soil quality and biodiversity. However, not much is known about these effects in the Pacific Northwest’s forests. Three forests were chosen based on a gradient of annual precipitation. The Hoh Rain Forest, the Tiger Mountain State Forest, and the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest were used for wet, mesic, and dry conditions, respectively. Each location had a three-by-six grid spaced 50 meters between each plot. The location was …

Building Career Pathways: Investigating The Potential For A Cooperative Education Program For Graduate Itm Students At Central Washington University, Liam J. E Holland

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Susan Rivera, PhD

This research examines the feasibility of introducing a cooperative education (co-op) program at the master’s level in the Central Washington University (CWU) ITM Department. Methods included a review of existing co-op programs, analysis of interviews with past co-op students, and an examination of survey data on student interest in graduate-level cooperative education. The study aims to identify key elements of effective co-op programs and assess demand for such programs. The analysis of current co-op models offers insights into program structure, industry engagement, and student success. The 2019 NACE Internship & Co-op Survey found that 50.2% …

Cwu's Electronic Waste Management: A Success Story In Sustainable Practice, Srijita Gurung

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Susan Rivera, PhD; Kevin Lomax

Purpose: This research examines how Central Washington University (CWU) manages electronic waste (e-waste) to promote economic, environmental, and equitable sustainability practices. In February 2024, Computer Support Services (CSS) started a computer reconciliation project, which is vital due to the Windows 10 operating system going end of life after October 14, 2025, and no longer receiving software support. This project tracks and documents the life of electronic assets, with a focus on the role of Surplus and IT Asset Disposal (ITAD) companies. Method: The primary research methods involve interviews, and online research of active …

Optimizing Cybersecurity Through Ai Predictive Analytics And Human Expertise, Cathy Mae C. Dutong

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Hideki Takei, DBA

As cybersecurity threats evolve in complexity and scale, the reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent across both public and private sectors. This study examines the dual role of AI-driven predictive analytics in strengthening organizational cybersecurity, while addressing the ongoing need for human oversight. Through a mixed-method approach, combining survey data from cybersecurity professionals with an extensive literature review, this research analyzes AI's capacity to detect emerging threats, the systemic challenges associated with AI integration, and the indispensable role of human expertise in interpreting AI outputs. Findings indicate that while AI enhances proactive …

Global Trends In Ai-Driven Product Development: A Cross-Country Analysis, Shilpa Dhananjayan

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Hideki Takei, DBA

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries and accelerating global innovation, yet its benefits remain unevenly distributed. A nation’s AI readiness—its capacity to adopt and implement AI technologies—plays a crucial role in economic growth and technological advancement. Key determinants of AI readiness include digital infrastructure, data accessibility, government policies, research and development (R&D) investment, and workforce development. This study examines the relationship between AI readiness, AI adoption, innovation, R&D investment of a nation, Digital Infrastructure Index (DII) and Human Capital Index (HCI) using a Random Forest regression model. Findings reveal a strong correlation between AI adoption …

Innovation Within Sustainable Technologies: The Future Of Energy Conserving Hardware In Data Centers, Brooke Cruz

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Susan Rivera, PhD

The US is confronting a growing energy demand crisis, with analysts projecting a 2.4% rise in data center energy consumption by 2030. Data centers are major energy consumers, with primary usage concentrated in IT equipment and extensive cooling systems. While Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) remains the leading metric for assessing energy efficiency, it is limited to assessing total facility energy and IT energy use without accounting for environmental and social impacts. Supplementary metrics of data center energy consumption include Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) and Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE), which measure water use and carbon emissions, …

Characteristics Contributing To The Risk Of Diabulimia In Adults Living In The United States, Danielle Van Hout, Nicole Stendell-Hollis, Tafere Gebreegziabher Belay, Kelly Pritchett

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Nicole Stendell-Hollis, PhD, RDN; Tafere G Belay, PhD; Kelly Pritchett, PhD, RDN, CSSD

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors that contribute to the risk of diabulimia by using the validated Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R)¹ screening tool in adults living in the U.S., as well as to examine differences in individuals at-risk and not-at-risk for diabulimia. This observational study included a 30-question Qualtrics survey containing the DEPS-R distributed via various social media outlets and flyers on the CWU Ellensburg campus. Participants were required to be 18 years or older, diagnosed with …

Focus Group Interview: Perspectives Of Virtual Dietary Counseling Method’S Post Covid-19 Pandemic, Maria Mendoza

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Nicole Stendell-Hollis, PhD; Tafere Belay, PhD; Katy Williams; Jessica Tyrrell

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions related to different delivery methods of dietary counseling. This qualitative research study will examine the perceptions related to different methods of dietary counseling (telephone calls, video calls, or face-to-face visits). Focus group one contained provider participants (N = 7), which were all RDNs and focus group two hosted patient participants (N = 6). Semi structured interviews were performed asking subjects about any personal experiences related to receiving or providing nutrition education, positive or negative, as they participated in …

Prevalence Of Diabetes Related To Acculturation, Dietary Quality, And Sedentary Lifestyle In Mexican Americans: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 To 2018, Kivima Acevedo

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): David Gee, PhD; Kathaleen Briggs Early, PhD, RDN, CDCES; Katy Williams, MS, RDN

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of diabetes in Mexican American adults (MA-adults) and how risk factors like acculturation, dietary quality, and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the rising rates of diabetes, using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2018 data. Methods: We analyzed the NHANES data of MA-adults and Non-Hispanic White adults (NHW-adults) (n= 10670) for the association of diabetes and its risk factors (dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle) by acculturation levels. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). …

The Battle Of Moscow 1941, Allen Mcquade

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Melissa Jordine, PhD

The German Army was diminished after the string of unbroken victories at the start of Operation Barbarossa. The loss of men and machines had become undeniable, and it sapped the offensive strength of their order of battle. The supply lines were at a breaking point and the underdeveloped road and rail system in Russia further exacerbated the problem. The diversion of strength to encircle and capture Kiev cost the Germans precious time before they could restart the offensive. The weather hindered the movement of men and machines and despite the protests of the commanding generals …

Literary Networks Everywhere: An Analysis Of Literary Connections Across Time And Culture, Rachel Riffel

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Katharine Whitcomb

This paper explores the concept of literary discourse as a networked form, using Caroline Levine’s theory of “networks” as expansive systems of meaning. Through the poetry of several postmodern poets and their texts such as Terrance Hayes’ American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin, Anne Carson’s The Beauty of the Husband, and Maggie Nelson’s Bluets, this essay analyzes how contemporary poets use intertextuality, historical references, and classical forms not as rigid structures but as connective nodes in a broader literary web. These texts illustrate how poetry continues to participate in an evolving cultural and literary …

Frida Kahlo: More Than The Unibrow, A Cultural Feminist Analysis, Karen Valencia

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Erika Pazian

Frida Kahlo has been a common name in the art historical canon – one that reinvented Surrealism, despite not identifying with the style, and challenged conventional norms in artistic practices. Many of her works are discussed in Mexican art historical settings, however, the research of this paper will point the bulk of its focus directly onto The Two Fridas, offering additional discussion on how it connects to feminist theory. Kahlo was a deeply complicated woman, reduced to her bus incident, or tumultuous relationship with muralist Diego Rivera. The materials used as sources in this paper will …

’76 Act And The Individual Taxpayer, James R. Willis

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Chronos V. 15 Complete Issue, Chronos

Chronos

No abstract provided.

The Representation Of The Grandmother In Arab American Fiction: Alia Younis’S The Night Counter As A Case Study, Asmaa Belbachir, Eman Mukattash

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The increasing phenomenon of long-living grandparents and their novel roles and positions within both family and society in today’s world has inspired authors to produce literary works that address this subject. This article, in turn, aims to offer a clear representation of the grandmother’s character in Alia Younis’s The Night Counter (2009) by analyzing the various roles that the grandmother’s character plays in the lives of her grandchildren. As an Arab-American, Younis has an extensive background in the structure, norms, and values of the Arab Lebanese family, which are reflected in the novel. By choosing the grandmother as a central …

Between Shores: Geophilosophical And Psychogeographical Explorations Of Belonging In Abdulrazak Gurnah’S By The Sea (2001), Nabila Khelil, Mahmoud Al-Shetawi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

In Abdulrazak Gurnah's work By the Sea (2001), the complex notion of belonging emerges as a central concern, intricately interwoven with the cultural and geographic landscape of the Indian Ocean region. The novel weaves a tapestry of profound geophilosophical and psychogeographical implications, as its primary setting, the coastline, becomes a multifaceted metaphor for the complex human experience of displacement, identity, and the ever-shifting nature of borders, both physical and existential. The vastness and fluidity of the sea, juxtaposed with the solid but permeable shoreline, serves as a symbolic stage upon which the characters' journeys of self-discovery and grappling with their …

The Transformative Value Of Antigone On The Arab Stage: Amplifying Voices Of Resistance And Justice, Maram Al-Dweik, Mahmoud Al-Shetawi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

In contexts marked by human rights abuses, state violence, and gender-based injustices, theatrical performances in the Arab world offer a vital platform for marginalized voices. By exploring the transformative power of modern adaptations of Sophocles’ Antigone, particularly in this unique context, this study reveals how these performances serve as poignant reflections of resistance, justice, and societal transformation. Antigone is renowned for its exploration of political themes and moral dilemmas and continues to resonate across cultures and epochs. Through an adaptation theory lens, this study examines various Arab adaptations of Antigone, demonstrating the global reach and influence of this …

The American Role In The Political Crises Of The Arab World: Iraq As A Case Study (2011–2021), “Fatima Azhra’A” Al- Rhamneh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to analyze the American stance on the political crises occurring in the Arab world, using Iraq as a case study from 2011 to 2021. To achieve this, analytical, descriptive, and qualitative methods were employed, focusing on the collection, interpretation, and analysis of secondary data, which were deemed most appropriate for the nature and objectives of the study. The results indicated that US-Iraqi relations have significantly shifted according to American interests. The U.S. position often influenced the onset, escalation, or resolution of political crises. For example, the U.S. occupation of Iraq and the poor decisions made during that …

Breaking The Chains: Addressing Criminal Records For Sex Trafficking Survivors Through Vacatur Laws, Charlotte Kessinger

Advanced Issues in Criminal Law: Sex Offenses

No abstract provided.

Decision In Art. 78 Proceeding - Bozydaj, Jared (2024-05-08)

Decisions in Art. 78 Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Chronos V. 16 Complete Issue, Chronos

Chronos

No abstract provided.

Here We Rio Again: The 2016 Olympic Games And The Reproduction Of Spatial Struggles By Mega-Events In Rio De Janeiro, Jorge A. Morales

Chronos

This paper analyzes the unequal nature of urban development projects associated with international megaevents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through the lenses of race and social class. By doing this, I seek to demonstrate how spatial struggles associated with such urban development projects are part of a longstanding pattern of socio-cultural conflict between the Brazilian elite and the urban poor. This paper specifically examines the spatial struggles embodied by the destruction of Morro do Castelo during the early 1920s, and the removal of favelas, including Vila Autódromo, between 2009 and 2016. This research is based on information from primary documents …

Playing With Fire: How The Nazis Used Toys And Games To Mobilize A Generation, Brett Lafemina

Chronos

No abstract provided.

Women And Religion In The Mongol Empire, Karlie Barnett

The Ozark Historical Review

This article contributes toward the effort to uncover the impact of women on the making of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It also considers how women among the Mongols interacted with religion in varied and distinct ways and how these relationships influenced the development of Eurasian religions and the Mongol Empire overall. These interactions, which took place in the personal realm, the political realm, and in the realm of patronage, had profound effects on the development of Eurasian religions and the Mongol Empire.

Shield: Semantic Heuristic Intelligence For Ensuring Legitimate Direction, Sean Mcconoughey

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

As the automation of robotic systems becomes increasingly prevalent, the risk of malicious hijacking grows in parallel. While robotic systems maintain human oversight for critical operations, they remain vulnerable to communication channel attacks that can compromise mission integrity. Physical components like firmware and sensors offer inherent security through their specialized nature, but the network communication interfaces between robots and operators present significant attack vectors that could lead to mission compromise, physical damage, or asset loss. This research implements and evaluates a mission assurance framework for ROS2-based autonomous systems. The framework employs a local Large Language Model (LLM) to establish baseline …

Evaluation Of A Biologically-Inspired Multi-Agent System Consensus Algorithm To Develop Application Insights, Grace Gratton

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Multi-agent systems are becoming heavily relied upon as the complexity of the world increases. The effectiveness of these systems depends on consensus algorithms; however, the presence of faulted agents can compromise the security and reliability of these consensus algorithms. Therefore, it is crucial to develop robust consensus methods to maintain system security and reliability. Biologically-Inspired Design previously led to the Synchronous Hatching Consensus Algorithm which proved to be robust even with up to 20% of faulted agents reporting false positives. This work aims to provide insights for when the Synchronous Hatching Consensus Algorithm can be applied. This is achieved through …

Justice For All…. Except For Male Sexual Assault Victims, Samely Gierbolini Sanchez

Advanced Issues in Criminal Law: Sex Offenses

No abstract provided.

The Enforceability Of Adult Film Employment Contracts And Their Impact On The Predatory Nature Of And Unethical Practices Within The Adult Film Industry, Taylor Allen

Advanced Issues in Criminal Law: Sex Offenses

No abstract provided.

The Tax Adviser, Volume 8, Number 2, February 1977, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Tax Clinic, Barry Schwartz

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.