Digital Commons Network^™

From Classroom To Career: Use Of Digital Collaboration Tools To Bridge Theory & Practice, Della Clark, Kristina Kaufman, Sphurti Sewak, Peter Kaufman, Rick Valentin, Hulda Black

Faculty Publications – Marketing

Teamwork and project management skills, from in-person to remote interactions, remain central to marketing graduates’ career readiness, yet students often complete team projects with limited guidance on how to organize work, especially in hybrid and technology‑mediated environments. This study explores a pilot of integrating Miro, a widely used digital collaboration whiteboard, into classroom student projects. A pre- and post-survey design was implemented across two undergraduate marketing courses at a large Midwestern U.S. university to explore if Miro can improve students’ team‑project experience and perceived preparedness for working with emerging technologies. Students completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester …

Herbivore Offense In Plant–Herbivore Coevolution, Xosé López-Goldar

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Coevolution between plants and herbivores has been proposed as a major evolutionary force that resulted in their radiation and diversification. Plants have evolved a broad array of strategies that directly or indirectly avoid, repel, deter, or kill herbivore attackers. These include (but not limited to) tolerance to damage through compensatory growth of tissue lost from herbivory, resistance via physical and chemical defenses, induced responses, and avoidance through reduced apparency or phenological mismatch. In response, herbivores have evolved adaptations to circumvent, resist, detoxify, and even use plant defenses for their own benefit (e.g. sequestration). These include anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, …

Conceptualizing The Receipt Of Unfair School Discipline Through A Betrayal Trauma Lens, Charles Bell, Alexia Angton, Sarah Franklin, Michayla Mack, Pavel Ahmed

Faculty Publications - Criminal Justice Sciences

We contribute to the literature on school discipline by investigating why some Black students, parents, and advocates perceived particular punishments as unfair. Using Betrayal Trauma Theory (BTT) as a framework, we conducted qualitative interviews with twelve Black parents and five community activists who assisted Black children throughout the school discipline process and perceived such punishments as unfair. We also interviewed four Black children who received punishments at school that they perceived as unfair. Participants reported that instances of unfair school punishment created barriers to graduation, criminalized Black students, and permitted victimization to occur on school grounds.

Course Revision To Enhance Preservice Student Knowledge Of And Engagement Within Collaborative Learning Communities, Emily M. Jones, Oscar Nunez Enriquez, Zack Beddoes, Dan Phelps, Deborah Garrahy

Faculty Publications - Kinesiology and Recreation

This article shares a collaborative approach to refining an upper-level physical education teacher education seminar course. The primary goal of this refinement was to thoughtfully consider the existing course structure, content, and relevance to the evolving needs of schools. The approved course content focused on sociopolitical issues in education, strategies to navigate the complexities of professional roles in schools, and the transition into the teaching workforce. Through this process, the use of professional learning communities (PLCs) was considered as a viable approach to support preservice teachers’ learning and engagement in course content. Furthermore, by embedding PLCs into the course, the …

Retrenchment, Segregation, And Public Education: A Five-Year Analysis Of State Exclusionary School Discipline Legislation, Thalia Gonzalez, Will Martel

Faculty Scholarship

Notwithstanding the decision in Brown v. Board of Education formally ending educational segregation and more than two decades of state reform, the legislative landscape protecting minoritized children from the structural violence of exclusionary school discipline has dramatically shifted in less than five years. From the passage of state “Teacher’s Bills of Rights” to mandatory expulsions, rescissions of prior protections, and new categories of removal, a retrenchment of anti-inclusion legislation—and its corollary, educational carcerality— has occurred. While studies of other forms of legislative retrenchment in K–12 public schools, such as anti-Critical Race Theory and Don’t Say Gay laws, literacy bans, and …

Open Secrets, Robin C. Feldman, Vaughn Goehrig

Faculty Scholarship

Patents and trade secrets were never intended to meet, but in the world of biologic drugs, they've become as thick as thieves. Patent law's disclosure requirement has demanded far too little of biologics manufacturers-allowing them to keep vital manufacturing details under trade secret lock and key. This intellectual property patchwork has been devastating for drug affordability: Because the most critical manufacturing information remains hidden, makers of follow-on biologics (called biosimilars) are often stuck reinventing the wheel, even after the original patents have expired.

This Article makes two principal contributions to illuminating this problem. First, it presents, for the first time …

Medical Device Dangers: Choosing Ignorance In The Courts And At The Fda, George Horvath

Faculty Scholarship

Medical devices save lives and improve well-being but have caused as many as 83,000 deaths and 1.7 million injuries in a recent decade. Decisions of critical importance—patients’ decisions whether to have a device implanted, doctors’ decisions about which device to use, insurers’ decisions whether to reimburse for those devices—depend on information about risk that is provided by manufacturers. But producing this information is costly. Injured patients, through private lawsuits under state products liability theories, can incentivize device manufacturers to incur these costs and to produce and disclose information about device risk. Unfortunately, courts are making it increasingly unlikely that this …

Machine Learning Prediction Of Incident Hypertension In Australian Men: Integrating Survey, Pharmaceutical And Healthcare Utilisation Data From The Ten To Men Cohort, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Emmanuel Peprah-Yamoah, Victor Opoku-Yamoah, Eric Adua

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Hypertension is a leading modifiable contributor to cardiovascular disease. We developed and evaluated machine learning models to predict incident hypertension in Australian men using baseline survey data linked to pharmaceutical (PBS) and healthcare utilisation (MBS) administrative records from the Ten to Men cohort.

Methods: Among 13,519 men free of hypertension at baseline (2014), incident hypertension over 10 years was ascertained from PBS antihypertensive dispensing. Twenty-five baseline features spanning sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, clinical and administrative domains were used to train logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting and XGBoost models, evaluated by five-fold cross-validation with out-of-fold prediction. Discrimination, calibration and threshold-based …

Relationships Between Physical Performance Characteristics And Match Characteristics Of English Academy Soccer Players, B. Dickinson, P. Jones, P. Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between physical performance and match characteristics of Elite academy soccer players using pooled data across U15, U16, U18, U23 age groups. Sixty elite academy soccer players including u15 (Subject: N = 15; age: 14.64 ± 0.25; mass: 59.88 ± 9.12 kg; height: 171 ± 6.69 cm), u16 (Subject: N = 15; age: 15.42 ± 0.36; mass: 65.11 ± 8.70 kg; height: 175 ± 7.21 cm), u18 (Subject: N = 15; age: 17.00 ± 1.00; mass: 72.85 ± 7.43 kg; height: 179 ± 6.43 cm), u23 (Subject: N = 15; age: …

Co-Designing Impact: Student-Led Prevention Messaging For The Primary Prevention Of Violence Against Women, Narelle Lemon, Lisa Holmes, Christina C. Gray, Jason Goopy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Executive Summary:

Violence against women remains one of Western Australia's most serious and persistent social problems, and young adults aged 18–24 represent a pivotal demographic for primary prevention — the work of stopping violence before it starts. The Co-Designing Impact project, funded by the Department of Communities' Family and Domestic Violence Primary Prevention Grants Program 2024/2026 and delivered in partnership between Yourtoolkit.com and Edith Cowan University (ECU), engaged university students aged 18–24 in a six-session co-design program. Participants learned about the drivers of violence against women and the principles of primary prevention, then co-designed social media messaging intended to shift …

Preparation Of Australian Nurses For Contemporary Disability Care: A Desktop Review, Lesley Andrew, Martina Costello

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Approximately 18% of Australians experience disability, with significant health inequities documented in this population. Despite nursing’s crucial role in addressing these inequities, questions remain about nurses’ preparedness to work effectively with people with disability. The review assessed Australian nursing education’s approach to prepare its graduate nurses for disability care in today’s Australia. Using a rigorous desktop analysis methodology, the review evaluated the publicly available undergraduate nursing degree curricula materials from all 32 Australian public universities that offered a preregistration nursing degree in 2024. The review found 50% of nursing degree curricula course materials omitted to mention disability in their publicly …

Evaluating The Determinants Of Tourism Demand For Policy Implications: Insights From The Moroccan Case, Hakim Lakhlifi, Ghialy Yap

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study aims to assess the key determinants influencing Morocco’s international tourism demand to guide the development of an effective national tourism policy aligned with the country’s 2023–2026 tourism roadmap. By analyzing tourist arrivals (TA) from 45 source countries between 2000 and 2022, the research identifies economic and non-economic factors critical to achieving the target of 17.5 million tourists. Priority areas include pricing, infrastructure, security, governance and climate risk resilience. Design/methodology/approach: Using a hypothetico-deductive and quantitative approach, the study applies dynamic panel data models, including the generalized method of moments, to account for endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Key variables …

Nurses' Experiences Of Pain Management For Patients With Diagnosed Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Review, Aaron Lapuz Alejandro, Middlewick, Seng Giap Marcus Ang, Rosemary Saunders, Irene Ngune

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To synthesise the available evidence related to nurses' pain assessment and management practices for patients with diagnosed mental health conditions. Design: Mixed-methods systematic review. Data Sources: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. Methods: Databases search was conducted in March 2024 and updated in June 2025. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Results: Of the 1318 eligible studies identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were methodologically robust overall but frequently neglected nonresponse bias and were predominantly conducted …

Overview Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Status 2025, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This Overview provides a summary of the most recent indicators of the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (of all ages, where data are available). The topics included in the Overview cover chronic health conditions which are featured on the HealthInfoNet website. Over the years as additional funding has been obtained and in consultation with HealthInfoNet networks, more topics have been covered on the website and are now included in the Overview. The topics aim to reflect the status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health over this period and going forward.

Exploring The Use Of Strategic Influencer Leadership (Sil) In Health Communication: A Cross-Cultural, Multi-Case Study, Katharina Wolf, Catherine Archer, Syafiq B. Assegaff, Joseph Nalloor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose This study challenges the social media-centric view of influencers, arguing that health communication benefits from diverse strategic influencers beyond commercial figures. Trust, credibility and cultural resonance are essential for effective public health messaging, yet contemporary approaches often prioritise engagement metrics over strategic influence. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs a multi-case study approach to examine the strategic use of influencers in health communication across Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates and Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores how health professionals, royal representatives and a politician shaped public health messaging within culturally specific contexts. A mixed-methods approach, incorporating ethnographic research and thematic …

Associations Between Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors And Abdominal Aortic Calcification In The Uk Biobank Imaging Study, Nicola P. Bondonno, Abadi K. Gebre, Benjamin H. Parmenter, Jonathan Hodgson, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Richard Woodman, John P. Kemp, James Webster, Carl Schultz, Cassandra Smith, Afsah Saleem, Syed Zulqarnain Gilani, Emma L. Duncan, Joseph Hung, Wai H. Lim, Parminder Raina, John T. Schousboe, Nicholas C. Harvey, Marc Sim, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) reflects subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but its lifestyle determinants remain uncertain. We investigated how a Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) relates to AAC and whether AAC mediates the HLS-ASCVD association. Methods and results: Participants from the UK Biobank Imaging study were assessed for AAC from DXA images. A Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS), based on smoking, physical activity, diet quality, alcohol consumption, sleep, and BMI was developed, and categorised as low, moderate and high. Cross-sectional associations with (i) any AAC (AAC≥1) and (ii) high AAC (AAC≥6) were analysed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. The …

Exploring A Potential Link Between Personality Traits, Sexual Assault Attitudes And The Propensity To Create Deepfake Pornography, Lorna Marns, Ross Hollett

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Deepfake pornography represents a rapidly expanding form of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), yet little is known about the psychological factors that predict individuals’ willingness to create such material. This study examined whether rape myth acceptance (RMA) and Dark Tetrad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) predicted heterosexual men’s proclivity to create deepfake pornography. Using an online self-report survey of 213 heterosexual men recruited from an Australian university and the surrounding community, participants completed measures of RMA, dark personality traits, and hypothetical scenarios assessing the likelihood of creating deepfake pornography. Hierarchical regression models showed that RMA attitudes that minimise or excuse …

Measuring Mental Health Promoting Behaviours: Development And Psychometric Properties Of A Danish Act Belong Commit-Mental Health Promoting Behaviours (Abc-Mhpb) Scale, Line Nielsen, Ziggi Ivan Santini, Malene Kubstrup Nelausen, Carsten Hinrichsen, Frederik Schou-Juul, Vibeke Jenny Koushede, Robert J. Donovan, Charlotte Bjerre Meilstrup

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The Act Belong Commit-ABCs of Mental Health campaign is the world’s first comprehensive, population-wide, community-based initiative to promote mental health. In response to a growing demand for valid tools to monitor mental health promoting behaviours, this study presents the development and psychometric evaluation of the ABC-Mental Health Promoting Behaviours (ABC-MHPB) scale in a Danish population-based sample. Methods: A 10-item scale was developed, based on the ABC framework, to assess mental health promoting behaviours. A total of 119,221 randomly selected participants aged 18+ filled out an electronic survey, including the scale to measure the underlying construct of mental health promoting …

Attacks And Detections In Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis For Models, Progresses, And Trends, Yan Feng, Zhihai Yang, Kexin Li, Jianxin Li, Pinghui Wang, Zhiquan Liu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Recommender systems (RSs), as crucial components of online services, can help users efficiently obtain information they may like. In reality, RSs face long-term threats. Attackers manipulate recommendation results by injecting malicious data in order to obtain benefits. At present, research on the security of RSs lacks a comprehensive understanding of attack capabilities. Moreover, existing defense strategies have not yet been systematically associated with attack characteristics. More importantly, existing defense methods rarely focus on real unlabeled data in practical application scenarios for anomaly detection and forensics. Therefore, this survey systematically analyzes the security of RSs and provides new insights. Specifically, we …

Effects Of Recreational Football On Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health, And Functional Performance In Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Yanzhao Lei, Yanmei Ding, Bo Wang, Hengzhi Deng, Mingyue Yin, Kai Xu, Hengxian Liu, Meiling Tao, Yanfeng Li, Yilin Zhang, Yuhang Liu, Fanhao Meng, Hansen Li, Xing Zhang, Bitai Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of recreational football on body composition, cardiometabolic health, and functional performance in children and adolescents. Additionally, it explored potential moderators through subgroup analyses. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in six databases in May 2025. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis, and effect sizes were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD, Hedges’ g). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 20 studies (N = 2,906; age range: 8–17 years) were included. Of the participants, 1,524 (52.44%) were male, 1,174 …

Gut Microbial Composition And Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism In Cognitively Unimpaired Adults Stratified By Amyloid-Β Status, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Thilini N. Jayasinghe, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Kevin Taddei, Colin L. Masters, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation influence host metabolism and neuroinflammatory processes implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relationship between fecal SCFAs, microbial taxa, and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) burden in cognitively unimpaired individuals remains unclear. Fecal SCFAs were quantified using GC-MS, and microbial species were profiled by shotgun metagenomics in 87 participants. Associations between SCFAs, demographics, APOE ε4 status, and Aβ burden were tested using nonparametric statistics and multivariable regression. Microbial–SCFA links were evaluated using Spearman correlations and multivariate ordinations, with mediation analysis exploring potential indirect pathways. Acetate was the predominant SCFA and demonstrated the most …

Fostering Authentic Corporate Social Responsibility Through Place-Based And Relational Methodologies In Mining Governance: A Global Synthesis, Mehran Nejati, Eduardo Ordonez-Ponce, Rumen Rachev, Belen Lopez Vazquez

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: As the global economy shifts towards low-carbon development, sustainable mining practices are becoming increasingly vital for balancing resource extraction with environmental and social responsibilities. This study aims to critically evaluate how traditional corporate social responsibility (CSR) frameworks fall short in addressing power asymmetries and territorial impacts, and to explore how place-based and relational methodologies can foster authentic corporate social responsibility (ACSR) in mining governance.

Design/methodology/approach: This review synthesises findings from 77 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, covering diverse global mining contexts. The analysis identifies transformative themes through a qualitative meta-synthesis approach, focusing on governance practices that empower …

It's The Most Diverse Job I’Ve Ever Had: What Do Registered Nurses Working In Australian Schools Do?, Anita Moyes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Although nurses have been working in Australian schools for many decades, research has focused primarily on narrow aspects of clinical practice or service delivery in specific regions. The aim of this study was to identify the domains of practice registered nurses report in a typical working day in Australian schools, using interview data from a national sample. Forty-five nurses working in government and nongovernment schools in every state and territory of Australia participated. Interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis ( Elo & Kyngas, 2008). Six distinct domains of practice characterized nursing work in Australian schools: (i) responding to diverse …

Optimization Of Roasting Conditions Of Salak Seed As Coffee Substitute And Its Physicochemical Properties, Aqilah Basir, Siti Roha Ab Mutalib, Wan Saidatul Syida Wan Kamarudin, Syed Abdul Illah Alyahya, Junaidah Mat Jusoh, Adi Md Sikin

Baghdad Science Journal

The growing attention towards utilizing salak seeds as a substitute for coffee has increased due to the presence of caffeine and its health-enhancing properties. The present study aimed to determine the optimum roasting conditions for salak seed coffee (SSC) with high total phenolic content (TPC) and desirable lightness (L*) using response surface methodology (RSM). Regular SSC was produced at optimal roasting temperature and time of 189.36 °C and 39.54 min, respectively. An instant SSC was produced by hot water extraction at 90∘C of regular SSC, followed by freeze drying. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of regular and instant …

Green Synthesis Of Tio2 Nanoparticles Via Graphene Oxide-Doped Malabar Spinach Leaf Extract For Perovskite Solar Cells, Nofrijon Sofyan, Ichsan Pandu Wicaksono, Fiona Angellinnov, Aga Ridhova, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Donanta Dhaneswara

Baghdad Science Journal

This study investigates a green synthesis route for titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) using Malabar spinach (Basella rubra) leaf extract, with graphene oxide (GO) as a dopant, for application as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The synthesized TiO₂ NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX). XRD results confirmed the presence of a pure anatase phase with a smaller crystallite size than that of commercial TiO₂, …

Effect Of Demineralization And Physical Activation In Enhancing The Porosity And Adsorption Properties Of Recovered Carbon Black Pyrolyzed From Waste Tire, Siti Nuramirah Rabbani Muhammad Zaki, Nurul Fatahah Asyqin Zainal, Hartini Ahmad Rafaie, Suhaila Idayu Abdul Halim, Chia Chay Tay

Baghdad Science Journal

This research aims to improve the porosity structure and adsorption characteristics of rCB through demineralization and physical activation techniques. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) at various concentrations (1, 5, 6, and 10 M) was employed for demineralization, followed by the addition of 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH). Physical activation was conducted at temperature ranges of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500°C for durations of 1, 2, and 3 h. Characterization of rCB was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), ash content analysis, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and iodine adsorption number (IAN). Demineralization decreased the ash content …

Sappan And Tingi Wood As A Dye For Gmelina (Gmelina Arborea Roxb.) And Lento-Lento Wood (Arthrophillum Diversifollium) At Different Coloring Duration, Andi Detti Yunianti, S Ssuhasman, Kidung Tirtayasa Putra Pangestu, Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Abdul Hapid, Gustan Pari, Lisna Efiyanti

Baghdad Science Journal

This study investigates the effects of dyeing duration and soaking pre-treatment on the coloring performance of Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan) and Tingi (Ceriops candolleana) dyes applied to Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) and Lento-lento (Arthrophyllum diversifolium) woods. Test samples were prepared, pre-treated by soaking at 80°C for 24 hours to remove extractives of the wood, and then colored using Sappan and Tingi dyes at 80°C for 6 and 12 hours. The depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereo microscope, and color variations were assessed using the CIELab color space. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) …

Land Suitability For Seasonal Crops: Limiting Factors And Sdg-Aligned Management Strategies, Rahmawaty Rahmawaty, Abdul Rauf, T Alief Aththorick, R Hamdani Harahap, Christine Pepah, Rohani Simbolon, Minhajul Abidin, Nawang Wulan, Anggiat Hosea O Siregar, Mohd Hasmad Ismail, Seca Gandaseca

Baghdad Science Journal

A land evaluation study of Muara Batang Toru Sub-district is essential to determine its development prospects for seasonal crops. This study evaluates land suitability for six seasonal plants, including red chili, cucumber, shallot, tomato, eggplant, and bitter melon, in Muara Batang Toru Sub-district, South Tapanuli Regency. This study employs a survey method, integrating field observations and laboratory analysis with predetermined criteria based on a combination of internationally recognized standards and local conditions. Geographic information systems are used to map the actual and potential land suitability classes for vegetable crops. The findings indicate that most of the actual land suitability classes …

Patterns Of Antibiotic Resistance In Staphylococci Associated With Bovine Subclinical Mastitis, Intan Nurfarzana Mohd Safini, Muhammad Iqbal Hafiz Saad, Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad, Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta, Aziyah Abd. Aziz, Sophia Karen Bakon, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil

Baghdad Science Journal

Bovine mastitis, particularly subclinical mastitis (SCM), is a major concern in dairy cattle due to its asymptomatic nature and significant economic impact. In Asia, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are key pathogens. The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, posing risks to animal health and food safety. This study aimed to identify staphylococci associated with SCM and assess their antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles. Milk samples were collected from 20 cows at a dairy farm in Malacca, Malaysia, in August and October 2023. SCM was diagnosed using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and bacterial …

Roasting-Dependent Changes In Antioxidant Activity And Metabolite Profiles Of Coffea Liberica: Unraveling Bioactive Compounds And Their Functional Properties, Nuratikah Abdullah, Lay Kek Teh, Mohd Zaki Salleh, Mohd Salleh Rofiee, Lay Jing Seow, Eleena Mohd Yusof, Ye Han Sam, Eng Keng Seow

Baghdad Science Journal

Coffea liberica, despite its high antioxidant activity reported in the green bean, has had limited research in the literature on changes in metabolite profiling across different roasting levels. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiling of the green beans and various roasting levels of Coffea liberica brew using multiple antioxidant assays namely (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS-QTOF), respectively. Notably, light-roasted coffee brew retained the highest antioxidant activity …