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Articles 24211 - 24240 of 1825171
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Enhancing Social And Emotional Health In Older Adults Through Dance, Carly Dell
Enhancing Social And Emotional Health In Older Adults Through Dance, Carly Dell
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
This research seeks to understand how to adapt to the needs of older adults in dance classes and answer the question, How can a dance curriculum be devised to increase social-emotional connection and well-being for senior adults? Utilizing autoethnographic research methods and qualitative surveys, this study followed residents at the Gracepoint Wellness Facility in Tampa, Florida, as they participated in sixteen weeks of dance classes that utilized Brain Compatible Dance Education methods.
Where Are They Now?: Chinese Tomboys In The Us, (Fe)Male Masculinity, And Recentering Home Via Queer Migration, Xinyan Mia Tong
Where Are They Now?: Chinese Tomboys In The Us, (Fe)Male Masculinity, And Recentering Home Via Queer Migration, Xinyan Mia Tong
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
T/TB (tomboy), as a sociolinguistic category that denotes masculine lesbians in the Chinese-speaking world, has long been criticized by community members and Western academics alike for being too heteronormative and reductive in comparison to the post-identity queer figure in Western gender/sexual discourses. Through the detailed life histories of three T/TBs who moved to the United States for college, I problematize this East/West binary within queer geography and present a more nuanced framework to understanding queer migration and queer globalization. I argue that my interlocutors, while highly diverse in their subjectivities, all strategically evoke the United States, as both a physical …
Mediums Of Influence: Giovanni Pico Della Mirándola And Astrology In The 900 Theses And The Disputations Aganinst Astrological Divination, Troy Burkert
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (c.1463–1494) has long been the subject of study for scholars of the Renaissance and philosophy more generally because of his syncretic philosophy that placed an emphasis on inner contemplation and magical practice. Recently, more focus has been placed on his astrological views and their development. Early in his career, Pico was working in the Neoplatonic framework that was popular in Florence at the time and seemed to accept astrology along with other magical practices it was linked with. Before his death, however, he seemed to reject astrology wholesale with the writing of the Disputations against Astrological …
Effective Indigenous Participation In Renewable Energy Development: An Analysis Of Solar And Hydropower Projects In The Navajo Nation, Zoë T. Noble
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Navajo Nation, a Native American tribe in the southwestern United States, has an extensive history of disenfranchisement by the U.S. government in many areas, including loss of traditional tribal land, systematic water scarcity, and exposure to environmental hazards, as well as the overall exclusion of Indigenous perspectives from decision-making processes. In recent years, the Navajo Nation has been undergoing a transition from fossil fuels, namely coal plants, to renewable electricity generation, with varying degrees of Indigenous participation and success. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the Kayenta and Red Mesa Tapaha Solar projects and the Black Mesa Pumped …
Religious Practices And Spiritual Support In Palliative Medicine, Camille C. Yancey
Religious Practices And Spiritual Support In Palliative Medicine, Camille C. Yancey
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
Palliative care is a form of healthcare focused on providing pain relief and support to patients facing serious illness. This practice is conducted by a team of healthcare professionals and aims to improve patients’ quality of life in the context of long-term, serious illness. Palliative medicine supports patients with a wide range of diseases, including but not limited to cancer, dementia, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease. It focuses on managing symptoms associated with severe conditions, such as pain, nausea, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and stress (Mayo Clinic, 2024). Catering palliative care to include the patient’s religious and spiritual beliefs would benefit symptom …
Exploring Gender As An Analytical Framework In The 2018-2019 Revolution And Ongoing Civil War: The Role Of Gendered Violence And Sudanese Women's Resistance, Ami John
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
This paper will interrogate the intersection of gender, war, and political upheaval within Sudan while focusing on the role of women in both the 2019 resistance and the ongoing conflict and revolution. By the end of 2018, mass protests had called for the ousting of Omar al-Bashir, the long-standing Sudanese president. This event set off a chain reaction which led to events that fueled the long-standing rivalry between the two militant groups that were active in Sudan, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The tension caused by this rivalry created unforeseen circumstances for the local …
Curing Mermaidism: Exploring Disability, Gender And Performativity In The Little Mermaid And Its Adaptation, Sophia M. Shelley
Curing Mermaidism: Exploring Disability, Gender And Performativity In The Little Mermaid And Its Adaptation, Sophia M. Shelley
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
Fairy tales are a contested space in popular culture, often reinforcing hegemonic gender norms while offering sites of resistance. This paper examines Hans Christian Andersen’s The Little Mermaid (1837) and Disney’s The Little Mermaid (1989) through feminist disability theory to explore how these stories depict the compulsion to perform able-bodiedness and heteronormativity to achieve social belonging. This paper argues that although both versions offer moments of queer and disabled subversion, they ultimately reinforce a cultural fantasy of normative embodiment by positioning mermaids as inherently Other and subhuman. Grounded in the work of scholars such as Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Judith Butler, and …
Wallflowers, Misfits, And Gender Nonconformists: Roller Derby As A Refuge, Kate Clement
Wallflowers, Misfits, And Gender Nonconformists: Roller Derby As A Refuge, Kate Clement
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
This article explores how roller derby serves as a unique space for queer women and gender minorities to foster community and build “found families,” engage in activism, and practice self-expression, from its creation in 1935 to the present. This study will outline the unusual historical context that allowed the sport to evolve radically differently from other professional sports, twentieth-century feminine beauty standards and their role within the era’s roller derby, the inclusive nature of its modern bylaws, and the lived experiences of queer roller derby athletes. Utilizing a wide range of primary sources, including oral history interviews of current roller …
Reclaiming The Past: Contextualizing The Role Of Women And Gender In Celtic Paganism, Angus Mccolloch
Reclaiming The Past: Contextualizing The Role Of Women And Gender In Celtic Paganism, Angus Mccolloch
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
This article evaluates the role of women and gender in pre-Christian Celtic paganism and how these concepts can be applied to the modern era, building on the prior understanding that Celtic women had more freedoms than other women during their time. I utilize archaeological findings, primary sources, and scholarly sources to develop an understanding and interpretation of how women and gender were perceived by the communities who observed and practiced these ancient belief systems. I argue, through the study of Celtic women ranging from figures in their mythologies to physical artifacts and accounts, that these women had a more significant …
Mental Health And Coping Mechanisms Of College Students At Hispanic-Serving Institutions During And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Denisse J. Aguilar Michel
Mental Health And Coping Mechanisms Of College Students At Hispanic-Serving Institutions During And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Denisse J. Aguilar Michel
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, college students have faced increased mental health issues and heightened stress. Prior studies have shown that Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) students, in particular, experienced a disproportionate impact due to the pandemic. While much research has focused on the pandemic’s impact on college students, little is known about its impact on BIPOC college students attending Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) during (2019–2022) and after (2024) the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the small sample size, Hispanic versus non-Hispanic analyses were not conducted. This study investigates the perceived impact of the pandemic on students’ mental health …
Front Matter And Table Of Contents, Bjur Staff
Front Matter And Table Of Contents, Bjur Staff
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
No abstract provided.
Factors Influencing Certified Nursing Assistant Fatigue In Urban And Rural Counties, Catherine Carr
Factors Influencing Certified Nursing Assistant Fatigue In Urban And Rural Counties, Catherine Carr
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are highly vulnerable to fatigue as they continue to be faced with challenges such as understaffing and long hours, working to take care of people in all types of healthcare facilities; however, the most influential factors of fatigue as it pertains to their specific environment have yet to be elucidated. This study investigates the factors influencing CNA fatigue in urban and rural counties to determine which factors have the most significant impact, as well as whether the type of county contributes to differences in prevalence. A rapid qualitative analysis was conducted using interviews regarding the experience …
Toward Healing And Justice: Building Equitable Relationships With Community Archives In El Salvador, Giada Ferrucci, Amanda Oliver, Tom Belton, Fernando Chacon
Toward Healing And Justice: Building Equitable Relationships With Community Archives In El Salvador, Giada Ferrucci, Amanda Oliver, Tom Belton, Fernando Chacon
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies
The article examines an archival component of a larger research initiative. Surviving Memory in Postwar El Salvador is a multidisciplinary, cross-sector partnership. The overall methodology of the project is participatory and survivor-centered. It aims to document and commemorate the history of the Salvadoran Civil War (1980-1992) and prevent future violence. The component of the Surviving Memory partnership the authors describe in this article elucidates the crucial importance of community archival practices undertaken to support memory, healing, and justice in El Salvador. The authors are co-investigators and collaborators who have supported the work of community archivists in El Salvador through a …
Teach And Care: How Community-Centered Archival Practice May Transform Education, Archives, And Community History, Thuy Vo Dang
Teach And Care: How Community-Centered Archival Practice May Transform Education, Archives, And Community History, Thuy Vo Dang
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies
Academic librarians and archivists may work toward transforming education, archives, and community history (TEACH) through implementing a CARE approach. This includes a commitment to critical, liberatory, and person-centered praxis in archives co-creation and partnership with community organizations at the frontlines of documenting and preserving marginalized histories. Caring, in the archival context, begins with an acknowledgement of the harm mainstream archival institutions have caused for minoritized groups and then moving towards implementation of non-extractive, flexible and ethical partnership and/or stewardship of historical and cultural heritage materials. Caring also demands critical, rigorous, ongoing commitments to activation of the archival records by centering …
The Dwellings Of Ybor City Project: Using Archival Recovery And Mapping To Examine Historical Erasure, Stephanie M. Mackin
The Dwellings Of Ybor City Project: Using Archival Recovery And Mapping To Examine Historical Erasure, Stephanie M. Mackin
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies
This article examines how digital archives and spatial humanities can address historical erasure. It focuses on reconstructing the lost residential landscapes of Ybor City, a culturally significant Tampa, Florida, neighborhood. The area was transformed by mid-twentieth-century slum clearance and urban renewal. The Dwellings of Ybor City project uses archival theory, participatory ethics, and GIS-based storytelling to geolocate and reinterpret a Depression-era album called "Photographs Showing Dwellings in the Ybor Slum Area." By pairing digitized historical photographs with contemporary rephotography and mapping them to their original sites, the project restores visibility to homes and neighborhoods largely erased from both the physical …
Planning To Preserve: Creating A Digital Preservation Roadmap At A Small Archive, Amanda Garfunkel
Planning To Preserve: Creating A Digital Preservation Roadmap At A Small Archive, Amanda Garfunkel
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies
The preservation of electronic records according to best practices can seem overwhelming for archives with limited staff and resources. Creating a digital preservation implementation plan is a thoughtful exercise that allows archivists from a broad range of institutions to articulate achievable goals and create a roadmap towards a mature digital preservation program. Using tools that are flexible will help small repositories take the first step towards better stewardship of their electronic records. This article will discuss the creation of a digital preservation implementation plan at a small institution that includes activities such as surveys, benchmarking, and creating documentation. Practical steps …
The Family And Individual Freedoms: Thomas Hobbes' Complex Relationship With Liberalism, Max Esposito
The Family And Individual Freedoms: Thomas Hobbes' Complex Relationship With Liberalism, Max Esposito
The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations
In this article, the author argues that although Hobbes is often associated with authoritarianism, his account of familial dominion in Leviathan reveals important liberal elements, particularly his emphasis on individual consent, personal autonomy, and the equality of the sexes in determining authority. By using the family as an analogy for political rule, Hobbes shows that sovereign power ultimately derives from individuals who authorize it, even if later constrained by the demands of self‑preservation and majority decision-making. The paper concludes that Hobbes cannot be fully classified as a liberal thinker, but his framework contains liberal ends embedded within illiberal mechanisms, making …
Can Counterterrorism Be Taken Too Far?, Charles Tracy
Can Counterterrorism Be Taken Too Far?, Charles Tracy
The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations
The article evaluates three major counterterrorism tools—surveillance, torture, and drone warfare—through the lens of Just War Theory, arguing that each raises distinct ethical and strategic dilemmas. It concludes that surveillance can be morally permissible when tightly regulated, torture is indefensible both legally and morally, and drone strikes are conditionally ethical only under strict oversight that minimizes civilian harm and ensures accountability. Overall, the paper contends that effective counterterrorism is possible without abandoning human rights, but only when transparency, proportionality, and legal constraints guide state action.
Artificial Intelligence For Customer Relationship Management In The Nigerian Commercial Banking Sector, David Tobi Akobe, Wallace Chigona, Laban Bagui
Artificial Intelligence For Customer Relationship Management In The Nigerian Commercial Banking Sector, David Tobi Akobe, Wallace Chigona, Laban Bagui
The African Journal of Information Systems
The continuous increase in the volume of customer data stored by commercial banks necessitates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance customer retention and satisfaction. While a few Nigerian commercial banks do currently leverage these technologies, a significant knowledge gap limits their use across the wider Nigerian commercial banking sector. Guided by Organizational Information Processing (OIP) theory, we carried out a multiple case study to explore how AI technologies were utilized in three commercial banks in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select experienced data professionals employed by these banks and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. …
Buccal Films As An Emerging Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review, Syed Faizan Syed Nizamuddin, Nishan N. Bobade, Vikrant P. Wankhade, Sandeep C. Atram, Shrikant D. Pande, Nakul S. Dhore, Shraddha P. Malpani, Ashwin A. Pahurkar
Buccal Films As An Emerging Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review, Syed Faizan Syed Nizamuddin, Nishan N. Bobade, Vikrant P. Wankhade, Sandeep C. Atram, Shrikant D. Pande, Nakul S. Dhore, Shraddha P. Malpani, Ashwin A. Pahurkar
Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Oral administration through the digestive tract is still the most common means by which drugs are given, as it is simple and cheap. However, it has some biopharmaceutical limitations in general, such as varying gastrointestinal conditions, enzymatic degradation, and extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, which decrease drug stability and bioavailability To address these challenges, drug delivery through the oral mucosa (OMDD) has emerged as a potential non-invasive option. The buccal mucosa is well supplied with blood, provides a relatively mild environment, and avoids hepatic first-pass metabolism, thereby resulting in a faster onset of action and improved bioavailability. Mucoadhesive buccal films have …
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential Of Philenoptera Laxiflora: An Emerging African Medicinal Plant For Drug Discovery, Albashir Tahir
Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Medicinal plants remain an important source of therapeutic agents and play a significant role in modern drug discovery. Philenoptera laxiflora (Fabaceae) is a tropical African plant widely used in traditional medicine, but the scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic potential remains fragmented. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicological profile of P. laxiflora, while highlighting research gaps and future directions for drug discovery. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Relevant publications on the ethnobotany, …
Prevalence Of Medication Prescription Patterns For Iraqi Outpatients Visiting Otolaryngology Clinics, Mirna. K. Faiq
Prevalence Of Medication Prescription Patterns For Iraqi Outpatients Visiting Otolaryngology Clinics, Mirna. K. Faiq
Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of drug use patterns among ENT outpatient settings in Kirkuk, Iraq. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Kirkuk, Iraq, involving the collection of data from the e-Prescribing system and the review of written prescriptions, including 582 outpatient records from ENT clinics, from January 2024 to December 2024. Results: Most patients were below 20yr age (18.73%), with a male predominance (57%). Ear-related complaints like otitis media were the most frequent (35.22%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.82. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 84.7%. The percentage …
Preparation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Tizanidine Flash Oral Dispersible Tablet, Ahmed Yousif Fadhel, Yousif K. Younis
Preparation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Tizanidine Flash Oral Dispersible Tablet, Ahmed Yousif Fadhel, Yousif K. Younis
Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Background: Oral administration is the most common and preferred route for drug delivery. Oral dispersible tablets (ODTs) are solid dosage forms that disintegrate into saliva without the need for water. Tizanidine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to manage spasticity from spinal or brain injuries. Preparing it as a flash (ODT) tablet may enhance patient compliance and potentially improve bioavailability by bypassing part of the first-pass metabolism. Methods: Six formulations of tizanidine flash tablets were developed using varying concentrations of mannitol (bulk-forming agent), glycine (to aid tablet collapse), and gelatin (matrix-forming agent). The formulations were evaluated for weight variation, …
Cfd-Based Thermal Performance Analysis Of Dimpled And Grooved Heat Pipes, Mazen M. Othayq, Khalid M. Alanazi
Cfd-Based Thermal Performance Analysis Of Dimpled And Grooved Heat Pipes, Mazen M. Othayq, Khalid M. Alanazi
Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science
Heat-transfer enhancement techniques such as fins, dimples, and grooves are widely employed to improve the thermal performance of heat exchangers; however, their application is often accompanied by increased pressure losses. Most existing studies investigate a single enhancement technique over a limited Reynolds number range, with few comparative analyses conducted at high Reynolds numbers using identical geometries. Therefore, this study numerically investigates the thermal–hydraulic performance of five pipe configurations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). All geometries share the same diameter (48.34 mm) and length (7.45 m) and are examined over a Reynolds number range of 4,000–57,000. The configurations include: (1) smooth …
Optimizing The Interaction Between Rotational Speed, Tool Geometry, And Cooling Conditions In Friction Stir Welding Of Aa6061, Karwan B. Mohammed, Ayad F. Shahab
Optimizing The Interaction Between Rotational Speed, Tool Geometry, And Cooling Conditions In Friction Stir Welding Of Aa6061, Karwan B. Mohammed, Ayad F. Shahab
Engineering and Technology Journal
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process. It is widely suitable for welding high-strength aluminum alloys. This study presents a systematic optimization of friction stir welding parameters for AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy by investigating the interaction effects of tool rotational speed, tool pin geometry, and cooling conditions. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was employed to examine three rotational speeds (820, 1120, and 1420 rpm), three pin profiles (square, triangular, and tapered), and three cooling conditions (compressed air, water, and crushed ice) while maintain a constant traverse speed of 35 mm/min. Mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile testing and stir-zone …
On-Device Multi-Sensor Fusion With Machine Learning For Continuous Transit Navigation, Hui Ling Shi, Louis Lai, Oliver Dolk, Gul Kamisli Hasanoglu, Si Min Ong
On-Device Multi-Sensor Fusion With Machine Learning For Continuous Transit Navigation, Hui Ling Shi, Louis Lai, Oliver Dolk, Gul Kamisli Hasanoglu, Si Min Ong
Defensive Publications Series
Mobile navigation applications for public transit can experience degraded performance in environments with poor global positioning system signals, such as subway tunnels, which may cause a user's location display to freeze and guidance to cease. A described on-device system may address this by fusing data from a plurality of sensors, such as a barometer, magnetometer, and accelerometer, on a computing device like a smartphone or wearable device. A lightweight machine learning model can process this sensor data to generate a real-time probability that the user is on a moving transit vehicle. This probability may then be combined with a user's …
Refractive Index Determination Of Rectangular Optical Slabs Using Modified Ray Tracing Method, Ubong Williams Robert, Sunday Edet Etuk, Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi
Refractive Index Determination Of Rectangular Optical Slabs Using Modified Ray Tracing Method, Ubong Williams Robert, Sunday Edet Etuk, Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi
Engineering and Technology Journal
The traditional ray tracing method (TRM) for determining the refractive index of optical materials is often time-consuming and poses challenges for individuals with visual impairments. Accurate refractive index determination is essential for selecting materials in optical instruments, optoelectronic devices, and optical communication systems. With the emergence of new materials, there is an increasing need for techniques that overcome the limitations of the TRM. In this study, a Modified Ray Tracing Method (MRTM) incorporating the use of a plane mirror to enhance image localisation and reduce alignment ambiguity was developed for determining the refractive indices of various optical materials, including soda, …
The Impact Of People Interests In Evaluating The Open Public Spaces' Quality In The City Centre, Hasan Hadi, Adil Al-Saidi, Haitham Alshamari
The Impact Of People Interests In Evaluating The Open Public Spaces' Quality In The City Centre, Hasan Hadi, Adil Al-Saidi, Haitham Alshamari
HBRC Journal
The quality of open public spaces in city centres significantly affects people's satisfaction and responses to their built environment. The significance of these areas allow people to assess their performance. this paper addresses the issue of People's interests that affect their evaluation of public urban spaces in city centres. The research applied an ontological methodology that is people's experiences determine the spatial quality of the public spaces in city centres. In order to discover and assess the seven value variables, it recommended diagnosing a random sample of users as a group (A) and (B). The urban space in the historic …
Bioactive Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Curcuma Zedoaria: A Mini-Review, Abdulmutalib Allaq, Muneer M. Saleh Mohammed Saleh Alsayadi, Mustapha Salihu, Hasan M. Agha, Amena Hassan Hassan Gheeth, Fatimah Salim, Norrizah Jaafar Jaafar Sidik
Bioactive Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Curcuma Zedoaria: A Mini-Review, Abdulmutalib Allaq, Muneer M. Saleh Mohammed Saleh Alsayadi, Mustapha Salihu, Hasan M. Agha, Amena Hassan Hassan Gheeth, Fatimah Salim, Norrizah Jaafar Jaafar Sidik
AUIQ Complementary Biological System
Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric) is a rhizomatous medicinal plant in the Zingiberaceae family, widely used in traditional Asian medicine. In recent years, increasing scientific attention has focused on its diverse pharmacological properties and bioactive constituents. This mini review summarises current knowledge of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of C. zedoaria, with particular emphasis on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Phytochemical investigations using analytical techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC have revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes (example, germacrone, curzerenone, and curdione) and curcuminoids, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. Experimental studies demonstrate …
Synergistic Endocytic Receptor Ligand Receptor Protein 2 In T2dm, Wafaa Raji Alfatlawi
Synergistic Endocytic Receptor Ligand Receptor Protein 2 In T2dm, Wafaa Raji Alfatlawi
AUIQ Complementary Biological System
Purpose: The glycoprotein molecule known as megalin is present on the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. With an emphasis on megalin and cubilin levels in T2DM and IR patients, an area that obviously needs more research, this study attempts to give an outline of current knowledge of megalin function in relation to vitamin D and its metabolite (vitamin D receptor and vitamin D binding protein). Materials and Methods: This was a case control comparative study conducted at a endocrine and diabetes center in AL-Imamain Kadumain teaching hospital in Baghdad-Iraq. Study subjects were divided into three groups: 25 with T2DM with …