Digital Commons Network^™

The American Ethic: Happy 250th Anniversary!, Matt Walker

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

The American Ethic: Two hundred fifty years ago, In 1776, the American colonies faced a pivotal decision: whether to remain under British rule or to assert their independence. The Founding Fathers chose to separate from Great Britain and proceeded to clearly articulate both their justification for independence and the fundamental principles of liberty and justice upon which the new nation would be built. The Declaration of Independence, drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, was far more than a proclamation of political separation, it also presented the framework for a novel rights-based ethical system which made the extraordinary claim of universal individual …

Defensive Publication, Second Set — Smartphone As Record, Deck, And Display (Avs / Djmesh): Supplement And Units 31–51, Karl Rafael Yankovic Capdeville

Defensive Publications Series

Second set of a defensive publication: a deliberate, dated, enabling disclosure intended to constitute prior art and to dedicate the disclosed subject matter to the public. No patent is sought on it.

A consumer smartphone lying on the platter of an unmodified turntable, or held in the hand, serves as rotation sensor, control-signal generator, display and self-contained deck. The first set (Technical Disclosure Commons dpubs_series/11598; Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.22262550, 2026-09-03) disclosed the genus and eight on-platter species. This second set discloses the mechanisms built from 2026-09-03 to 2026-10-03 (units 31–50): a display angle integrated from the gyroscope alone with a learned scale …

H-Nare 2.0: Hybrid Numeric-Alphabetic Research Indexing Engine For Multi-Domain Open-Hardware Invention Portfolios, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

H-NARE 2.0 is a hybrid numeric-alphabetic indexing and invention-development method for large, multi-domain open-hardware portfolios. It gives each disclosure a stable numeric identifier, assigns it to one or more engineering domains, records its development status, and links related inventions, upgraded versions, shared components, and research platforms.

The method addresses a practical problem: when an inventor or research group publishes hundreds of related disclosures, readers, collaborators, and AI-assisted research tools need a reliable way to locate relevant prior disclosures, distinguish new work from corrected or upgraded versions, and identify which existing inventions can be combined into a new system.

H-NARE 2.0 …

Mechanical Standoff To Control Die Warpage, Jock T. Bovington, Steve Hovey, Oleksandr Isaienko, Michael P. Mack, Steffen Gloeckner

Defensive Publications Series

A mechanical support arrangement is proposed herein for reducing laser-diode warpage during attachment to a substrate. Mechanical standoffs positioned around a solder pad beneath the laser diode support the diode during placement and while solder freezes, helping the diode remain flat during and after the attachment process. The standoffs can be located along edges of the diode or across its length or width and can be implemented through modifications to existing support structures. Reduced deformation is expected to provide superior laser spectral characteristics.

A Read-Only Listening Companion That Shows A Tabletop Role-Playing Group's Own Campaign Notes As Names Are Spoken, Wayne Bolt

Defensive Publications Series

Long tabletop role-playing campaigns build up hundreds of invented names. General speech recognition mishears exactly these names, so looking something up during play rarely happens. This disclosure describes a read-only companion that listens to a game and shows what the group's own notes say about each name as it is spoken. Speech is turned into text on the player's own device, from the computer's sound (a video call), a microphone (a physical table), or both. Recognition can be primed with the campaign's names. The text is matched against a casebook built from the group's notes database, with entries, aliases and …

Cbhep‑1: On-Site Retired Wind-Blade Crew Habitat, Solar Support, And Resilience Module, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

An Open-Hardware Method for Converting Retired Wind-Turbine Blades into On-Site Crew Habitats, Solar-Support Structures, and Future Resilience Modules

Retired utility-scale wind-turbine blades are increasingly difficult and expensive to transport, inspect, recycle, or dispose of after removal from service. This disclosure proposes an on-site reuse method in which selected retired blades are converted into modular crew habitats, equipment shelters, solar-canopy support structures, and potential future resilience modules at the wind farm where they were removed.

The primary configuration joins two retired blades at their root ends to form an enclosed, curved composite habitat shell. A third blade may be used as …

A System For Automated Life Cycle Inventory Generation, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

A system is described for the automated generation of life cycle inventories. The system can ingest varied manufacturing activity data, establish dynamic multi-dimensional system boundaries, and enforce physical conservation principles to produce audit-ready life cycle inventories. It determines system boundaries across temporal, geospatial, technological, and functional dimensions in real-time. By aligning telemetry across shift durations, batch sizes, and cycle times, it establishes a discrete time window for the residence time of a physical workpiece within a transformation node. The system may also resolve sub-facility hierarchies and select unit-operation technology profiles to capture the specific engineering physics and thermodynamic operating envelope …

Caldwell Tpms‑Fc Test Platform V1.0 An Open-Hardware, Single-Cell Pem Fuel-Cell Research Platform For Comparing Tpms Flow Fields, Graded Thermal Management, Water Management, And Net Electrical Performance, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Caldwell TPMS‑FC Test Platform v1.0 is an open-hardware, single-cell proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell research platform designed to determine whether triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) flow fields, graded thermal-management structures, vortex-conditioned air inlets, and distributed sensing improve measurable fuel-cell performance.

The platform does not claim a new fuel-cell chemistry, a new membrane, or a guaranteed efficiency breakthrough. It provides a controlled method for comparing an experimental TPMS flow field against a conventional serpentine flow field under matched hydrogen flow, air flow, temperature, humidity, pressure, and electrical-load conditions.

The prototype uses commercially available membrane-electrode assemblies, gas-diffusion layers, hydrogen and air supplies, a coolant …

Hdds Having Self-Destruction Capability, Randi Walz, Pow Ming Yap, Swee How Alvin Teo, Li Hong Zhang, Jun Long Lim

Defensive Publications Series

In the era of exponential data growth, it is essential to ensure data security and protection. Therefore, effective data sanitization of retired storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), becomes critically important. This invention proposes materials, design, and a methodology for autonomous self-destructing of HDDs. The self-destructing HDDs have a heating element implemented on the arm suspension. The heating element is a thin wire made of high-resistance materials like Tungsten, Nichrome (NiCr) or Kanthal (FeCrAl). Once the self-destructing command is triggered, a current having a pre-defined amplitude is pumped through the heating element. As the heating element is in …

Multi-User Spatial Synchronization Using Object Relationship Maps, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

Aligning shared virtual spaces across multiple devices can involve transmitting raw image data to remote servers, increasing network bandwidth and power consumption. To address these issues, a method is disclosed for spatial synchronization using object relationship maps. A first device may detect physical objects within an environment and determine spatial relationships, such as relative distances and directions, between the detected objects. The first device can generate a file containing object classifications and the spatial relationships. The relationship map can be transmitted via a local connection to a second device. The second device may match the received spatial relationships with locally …

Method And System For Dynamically Repositioning Virtual Content In Augmented Reality Systems During Conversations, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

Users interacting with head-wearable augmented reality (AR) devices frequently experience virtual content clutter, such as incoming notifications, application windows, or video feeds overlaying their primary field of view. When a user engages in a face-to-face social interaction while wearing head-wearable devices, this virtual content can inadvertently obstruct the user's direct line of sight to the conversation partner's face and upper body. This obstruction disrupts natural eye contact and non-verbal communication cues, creating social disconnect and distraction. Furthermore, relying on manual hand gestures to adjust or reposition virtual content is cumbersome and interrupts conversational flow.

The disclosed technology describes a conversation-aware …

Dynamic Context-Aware Safety-Optimized Routing And Emergency Infrastructure Mapping In Mobile Navigation Systems, Arti Prasad

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system, method, and graphical user interface for context-aware safety navigation and emergency infrastructure mapping. Traditional routing engines optimize strictly for travel time or shortest spatial distance, which can route vehicles through narrow, dark, or hazardous shortcuts to save negligible amounts of time. The disclosed system addresses this by incorporating a dynamic composite safety cost function that adds safety-related penalties, such as road classification, street illumination, lane width, and pavement quality, to estimate a cost to the route. To ensure the route remains practical, a bounded maximum-estimated time of arrival (“ETA”) tradeoff engine restricts the safety-optimized path …

Monocular Edge-Based Road Hazard Detection With Covariance-Weighted Spatiotemporal Clustering And Frustum Temporal Decay, Richa Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

An edge road hazard classifier processes monocular camera video to detect and localize physical road surface anomalies. The system calculates the relative distance offset of a detected hazard using inverse perspective mapping (IPM). To estimate hazard depth, the system combines structure from motion (SfM) and a monocular depth estimation network. The hazard classifier bundles these measurement values into a metadata packet for transmission to a dynamic map ingestion engine. The map ingestion engine normalizes differences in sensor noise with a spatial covariance error matrix and groups overlapping reports using spatiotemporal HDBSCAN (ST-HDBSCAN). An extended Kalman filter (EKF) synthesizes the grouped …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Twinning Behavior Of Molecule-Adapted Gaussian-Type Orbitals (Gtos) In Cyclo-Hydrocarbons, Tong-Hyok Cha, Gum-Chol Kim, Kwang-Jin Ri, Jin-Nam Kim, Yong-Su Pak

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The saturated cyclo-hydrocarbons CnH2n (n = 3–7) were constructed by the iterative coupling of the structural unit groups (SUGs), specifically the SUG-CH2C2 fragment, which was previously established for molecular basis optimization. For the McLean–Chandler 6-311+G basis set, under the SUG perturbation, the outer (s′, p′) and diffuse (sʺ, pʺ) primitive Gaussian type orbitals for the core-atom C* of SUG-CH2C2 undergo an off-center spatial displacement into a twinning configuration. Specifically, the s-type twins (s′, sʺ) share identical Gaussian exponents and are symmetrically shifted toward the two neighboring carbon atoms, while the p-type twins (p′, pʺ) exhibit a matching configuration. Generally, this …

Phytochemical Characterization, Cytotoxic Effects, And Potential Oxidative Dna Damage-Modulating Activities Of Arum Italicum Extract, Oznour Mourat Moustafa, Hülya Yağar

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Arum italicum is traditionally utilized in the Thrace region for the treatment of hepatic and dermatological disorders; however, experimental evidence supporting these ethnopharmacological applications remains limited. As oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of liver and skin diseases, the aim in the present study was to investigate the ability of A. italicum leaf and tuber extracts to modulate oxidative DNA damage in vitro using nontumorigenic and cancerous hepatic and cutaneous cell models. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxic activity were also assessed to support and contextualize the observed DNA damage-related effects.In vitro investigations were conducted …

Facile One-Step Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode For Sensitive Tryptophan Sensing In Yogurt, Sevi̇lay Erdoğan Kablan, Ahmet Çeti̇nkaya, Si̇bel Özkan, Emi̇rhan Nemutlu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Activation of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) in tailored solution environments introduces oxygenated surface functionalities such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and quinone groups. These modifications enhance electron‐transfer kinetics and strengthen interactions with target analytes, thereby improving electrochemical sensitivity. In this study, square-wave voltammetry was used, and the most suitable supporting electrolyte for tryptophan (TRP) analysis was a pH 3 Britton–Robinson buffer. The cyclic voltammetry potential range and number of cycles for the Act-GCE were obtained as 0–1.5 V and seven cycles, respectively. The activated electrode exhibited excellent analytical performance, with a linear response for TRP over 0.20–6.28 μM, a detection limit of …

Thiophene-Carbazole-Based Covalent Organic Polymer Electrodes For Electrochromic And Supercapacitor Applications, Si̇nem Altinişik

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, a thiophene-carbazole-based conjugated organic polymer was successfully synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass and graphite sheet substrates using in situ oxidative polymerization. In terms of electrochromic properties, the electrodes exhibited significant color change from light yellow-green to dark gray in the potential range of 0 V to 1.2 V, with optical contrast ranging from 84.2% to 47.2% and coloring efficiency of 171.3 cm2/C. The prepared PCBP-Th_ITO/glass electrode also exhibited fast switching times (tb = 0.89 s and tc = 2.05 s) at 650 nm. Furthermore, 90% optical stability was maintained after 1000 cycles. In terms of energy …

Fabrication Of Cross-Linked Thiophene-Coumarin-Fluorene Donor–Acceptor Pentamer Thin Films For Electrochromic Devices Application, Ari̇fe Aktaş, Mert Akgün, Mücahi̇t Özdemi̇r, Sermet Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Functionalized p-conjugated polymers have emerged as promising electrochromic materials due to their well-defined molecular structures, facile synthesis, and ability to form smooth and homogeneous thin films. Furthermore, surface cross-linking enhances the mechanical and environmental stability of these films while improving their durability during electrochemical operation. In this study, a unique band gap-tunable pentamer (FBP) was developed featuring a D-A-D-A-D configuration, which includes thiophene, coumarin, and fluorene. Cross-linked films (FBPX) were obtained using both spray and electrospray methods in the presence of tetrathiol-based crosslinkers and 366 nm light, thanks to the functionalizable allyl groups present in the FBP structure. UV–Vis analysis …

Synthesis And Catalytic Activity Of Water-Soluble Ruthenium(Ii) P-Cymene Complexes In Tandem Nitroarene Reduction/N-Methylation And Transfer Hydrogenation, Si̇nem Çakir, Serdar Batikan Kavukcu, Hayati̇ Türkmen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, a series of water-soluble ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes bearing carboxylic acid-functionalized ligands (Ru1–Ru3) were synthesized, fully characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR), and evaluated in two distinct catalytic transformations: tandem nitroarene reduction/N-methylation and transfer hydrogenation. Of the catalysts tested, Ru1 exhibited superior catalytic activity in both systems. Under optimized conditions (1 mol% Ru1, 8 mmol NaBH4, 110 °C, 2 h in methanol), Ru1 promoted the one-pot tandem transformation of nitrobenzene to N-methylaniline with up to 93% conversion using methanol as a sustainable C1 and H2 source. Furthermore, Ru1 proved highly effective in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone …

Samarium-Doped Ceria Catalysts For Boron-Aluminum Composite Propellants: Effect Of Synthesis Method, Di̇lara Güçtaş Gürel, Mehmet Ali̇ Faruk Öksüzömer

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) are widely used in rocket and missile propulsion systems due to their high energy density and reliable combustion characteristics. Although aluminum (Al) is the conventional metal fuel in AP-based formulations, boron (B) has gained increasing attention as a partial or full substitute owing to its significantly higher volumetric energy density. However, the low combustion efficiency of boron particles remains a critical challenge, making the use of catalysts essential to enhance the thermal decomposition of AP and overall propellant-burning performance. In this study, samarium-doped ceria (SDC20) catalysts were synthesized by three different methods including …

Rapid Synthesis Of Agcu Bimetallic Nanodendrites With Enhanced Catalytic Activity For 4-Nitrophenol Reduction, Jun Liu, Hongguang Liao, Xuanyan Liu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Herein, AgCu nanodendrites were fabricated via a facile one-step displacement reaction at ambient temperature with Zn powder as the reducing agent. The morphology, structure, and composition of the products were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the structure and morphology of the catalysts are strongly dependent on the Ag/Cu molar ratio. The catalytic performance was evaluated by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) at room temperature, in comparison with monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The catalytic activity follows the order Ag1Cu1 > Ag1Cu3 > Ag3Cu1 > Ag > Cu. The optimized Ag1Cu1 catalyst achieves 98.6% …

Effects Of Washing, Oxidation, Carboxylation, And Hydrophobicity On The Antibacterial Activity Of Graphene Oxide And Reduced Graphene Oxide, Emi̇r Boztepe, Ceren Poyraz, Ruki̇ye Taşdemi̇r, Ebru Önem, Ümran Sofu, Keri̇m Yapici

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the effects of number of washes, oxidation degree, carboxylation, and hydrothermal reduction temperature on the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials were investigated. GO derivatives with different numbers of washes (1–5W) and oxidation levels (3X, 6X, and 9X), carboxylated GO (GO-COOH), and rGO samples obtained at different hydrothermal reduction temperatures (100, 140, and 180 °C) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, and were subsequently evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. …

Cobalt-Substituted Hydroxyapatite As A Potential Basis Of Biomaterials: Synthesis, Crystal-Chemistry Properties And Antibacterial Activity, Maria M. Vlasova, Ksenia S. Stasenko, Evgeny Bulanov

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper presents the results of the synthesis of solid solutions of cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite of the composition Ca10-xCox(PO4)6(OH)2 by the solid-phase and solution method. The formation of only the composition of Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 has been reliably established, whereas an increase in the cobalt content, as well as an increase in the temperature of synthesis and calcination of the samples prepared in solution, leads to the formation of stable mixtures of calcium and cobalt phosphates. The crystal structure has been refined for Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 (a = 9.4121(28) Å, c = 6.8762(20) Å, V = 527.54(35) Å3; R-Bragg = 2.455%) under the assumption of …

Species-Specific Metal Uptake Thresholds In Riparian Macrophytes: A Biological Framework For Ecological Risk Assessment, Reyhan Sağlam, Ferhat Gökbulak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems have increased metal contamination in riparian zones; however, biological thresholds that distinguish tolerable exposure from ecologically significant accumulation remain poorly defined. This study investigated species-specific thresholds for heavy metal uptake in riparian macrophytes to establish a biologically grounded framework for ecological risk assessment in impacted streams. A gradient encompassing five sites was used to sample four dominant macrophyte species: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria, and Persicaria lapathifolia. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in aboveground plant biomass were examined in relation to their …

Strigolactone-Mediated Regulation Of Physiological, Biochemical, And Gene Expression Responses Enhances Salinity Tolerance In Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa), Nora M. Al Aboud, Aishah Alatawi, Maryam Maryam, Mi̇kdat Şi̇mşek, Adel A. Rezk, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Bader Y. Alsubaie, Othman Al-Dossary, Ahmed M. Ismail, Anvar İbrahimov

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Salinity stress is a limiting factor that restricts growth, physiology, and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), particularly in irrigated and arid regions across the globe. The current investigation focused on unveiling the role of strigolactone (GR24, 5 µM) in the mitigation of NaCl-induced stress (100 mM) under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress massively reduced plant performance, including fresh biomass (16.5 g), dry biomass (4.3 g), photosynthetic rate (7.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), and fruit yield (6 fruits per plant), along with a decline in fruit quality (7.2 °Brix). In contrast, foliar application of strigolactone sig-nificantly enhanced the growth and …

Medication Dosage Calculation: The Impact Of Simulation-Based Deliberate Practice On General Self-Efficacy In First-Quarter Nursing Students, Hasani Green

Dissertations

Medication dosage calculation (MDC) competency is essential for safe nursing practice. However, many prelicensure nursing students experience persistent numeracy deficits, anxiety, and inconsistent preparation, contributing to academic failure and potential patient harm. This Doctor of Nursing Practice project addressed the need for effective early instructional strategies by evaluating the impact of an MDC simulation-based learning through deliberate practice (SBL-DP) intervention on first-quarter Associate Degree in Nursing and Bachelor of Science in Nursing students’ General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) scores. Guided by Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, a quantitative, quasi-experimental one-group before-and-after design was used with a convenience sample of students enrolled in a …

The Diamond, October 16, 2026, Dordt University

Dordt Diamond

• Front Page: Defender Days Sports Preview: What's Going on this Weekend?; Two Years of Collaboration Bring Perennial Game to Iowa Schools; Student Engagement in Midterm Elections
• Feature: Baja Buggy Blast: Dordt Students Build Offroad Racing Vehicle; Caffeine Craze: Coffee Habits on a College Campus; At Large: Campus Cats and What They Can Tell Us; The Truth About Office Hours; Celebrating Scholarship: "Dordt Writes" on October 16; Dordt's New Symphonic Band
• News: El Niño: What It Is and Its Impacts for 2026; Dordt University Ranks Among Top Christian Colleges Nationally; Behind the Break: A Look Inside the Heartland Conference Weekend
• Politics: …

Re: Request For Change To The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Clark Tailings Consolidated Waste Management Area Site Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision 0 (2026 Update), Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Proof Of The Wave Function Identity, A New Symmetry Constraint For The Three-Electron Quantum Dot In A Magnetic Field And Ad Hoc Generalization To Bound Many-Electron Systems, Marlina Slamet, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

We prove the Wave Function Identity (WFI), a newly discovered property of solutions to the two-dimensional Schrödinger–Pauli equation for the 𝑁 = 3 electron Coulombically interacting harmonically bound ‘artificial atom’ or quantum dot in a uniform magnetic field. The symmetry is comprised of an interchange of the spatial coordinates of two electrons whilst keeping their spin moments unchanged, followed by an inversion of all three electron coordinates. The proof is achieved by first deriving the general form of the exact correlated wave function in the high-electron-correlation Wigner regime and then proving the WFI employing this form for a ground and …