Digital Commons Network^™

Unmasking Twitter Bots: An Applied Machine Learning Approach, Rayane El Raba’A, Layal Abu Daher

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rapid growth of social networks has led to increased challenges, such as fraud, cyberbullying, and the spread of automated accounts (bots). Detecting anomalies within these networks is essential to maintaining security and trust. This study explored machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression for anomaly detection in social networks, specifically focusing on Twitter bot identification, By applying AI-driven data mining techniques to a dataset of 37,438 Twitter bot accounts dataset, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these models in detecting unusual patterns. XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy (84.9%), with an ROA_AUC of 0.87, …

Emerging Technologies For Safety Risks Management On Nigerian Road Construction Projects, Ranti Taibat Adebiyi, Mujidat Olubola Babalola, Richard Olushola Olupeka, Ganiyu Amuda Yusuf, Lukman Olarewaju Olorunoje, Amina Damola Amuda

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

High level of safety risk on road construction projects remains a major concern for all industry stakeholders, as safety of workers is paramount to achieving project success. Managing construction safety requires a more comprehensive approach. New technologies have recently emerged to enhance construction safety. This study examines the level of adoption and barriers to the implementation of these technologies in safety risk management on road construction sites in Lagos, Nigeria, with a view to improving the safe delivery of the road projects. A questionnaire was designed and administered to two engineers and one worker randomly selected on each of sixty-one …

Enhanced E-Commerce Recommendation Experience With Collaborative Sentiment Analysis And Ranked Content-Based Filtering, Sandi El Zein, Farah Hamze, Amani Merhi, Lynn Noureddine, Lama Affara

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rise of online shopping has made informed purchasing decisions increasingly difficult, as consumers face an overwhelming number of product choices and struggle to manually evaluate specifications and user reviews. This paper presents an AI-powered, sentiment-aware product recommendation tool that effectively aligns user preferences with real-world customer feedback from online reviews. The proposed system utilized Instruct ABSA deep learning models for feature extraction and DeBERTa-v3 for sentiment analysis to turn reviews into interpretable scores that would nominate optimal products. An interactive Rasa-based chatbot interface, TopPickAI, was developed to give a seamless user experience, educate users on product features, and conversationally …

Afforestation Strategies In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Ecosystems: Experimental Evidence From Chmistar, Lebanon, Ahmad Saker, Mohammad Saleh, Wael Mostafa, Safaa Baydoun, Jamilah Borjac, Dalia El-Badan

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The success rate of broadleaf tree growth in semi-arid Mediterranean environments is reduced in afforestation operations constrained by water scarcity, shallow soil depth, and intense competition from herbaceous vegetation. This study, conducted between 2022 and 2024 in Chmistar, East Lebanon, using a completely randomized block design, aimed to evaluate the impact of three planting broadleaf trees techniques (traditional digging pits , hoedad tools, and auger digging) and four effective vegetation control (herbicide application, mowing,  mulching, and no control) on the early growth of three native broadleaf tree species (Pistacia palaestina, Quercus calliprinos, and Quercus infectoria ).

The …

Progressive Contextual Augmentation Of Digital Media Using Implicit Prompts, Ashwin Goyal, Nick Staubach

Defensive Publications Series

Automatically surfacing content from media libraries can be highly useful, enabling users to effortlessly discover relevant contextual information and related data without having to perform manual searches. However, current methods usually require users to manually search for information, or rely on rigid rules that fail to capture the user's specific, current context. This disclosure describes techniques that automatically provide contextual information about media in a user’s library without requiring explicit prompts from the user. Media content items in a user’s gallery are weighted for their importance to the user. The metadata and content of an image (or other content item) …

Gci‑Universal Resonant Energy Stack (Ures/Mmra/Grhn V1.0) A Three‑System Open‑Hardware Architecture For Replacing Conventional Solar Panels With Multi‑Modal Resonant Energy Harvesting License: Cern‑Ohl‑P (Permissive) No Patents. No Secrets. No Photos. Builder‑Ready., Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This unified disclosure presents three interoperable energy systems designed to evolve and replace conventional solar panels:

URES v1.0 — Universal Resonant Energy Skid  

1. A retrofit system that upgrades existing solar panels using Arachne Smart‑Skin, TEHL, vortex cooling, and APR AI.

MMRA v2.0 — Multi‑Modal Resonant Array  

1. A next‑generation resonant panel built on Arachne Gyroid Lattices, multi‑spectrum capture, and integrated vortex cooling.

GRHN v1.0 — Global Resonant Harvesting Network  

1. A frontier system using CMRS‑1, Ariadne’s Braid, Omni‑Vortex stacks, and environmental resonance harvesting.

All three systems include:

• BOMs

• ASCII diagrams

• safe build guidance

• prototype testing protocols

• viability percentages

• improvement estimates

• cross‑invention integration

The Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection Model (Dehp), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This framework presents a qualitative cosmological model exploring the universe as an emergent three-dimensional (3D) projection originating from a foundational two-dimensional (2D) information boundary. By redefining time as a function of geometric distance from this source boundary, the model offers a unified, intuitive perspective on dark energy, dark matter, and gravitational singularities that aligns with modern holographic and braneworld concepts.

The Metric Confinement Principle: Non-Perturbative Quantum Gravity Without Fundamental Gravitons, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This paper introduces a novel, non-perturbative quantum cosmological framework wherein gravity is treated strictly as a macroscopic, non-fundamental, emergent phenomenon. The foundational degrees of freedom reside entirely on a dual-state, non-gravitational 2D spatial substrate (the boundary layer) containing opposing potential valences. Crucially, this framework postulates the non-existence of the graviton as a fundamental force-carrier particle. What macroscopically manifests as gravitational attraction in the projected 3D bulk is reinterpreted as a state of perpetual geodesic translation driven by how the 3D metric tensor topologically filters the underlying dual-state substrate information. By introducing the Metric Confinement Principle, this framework ensures absolute consistency …

Master Project Architecture: Systems Engineering Framework For An Autonomous, Thermally Integrated, Relativistic Interstellar Platform, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure presents the overarching design, interface standards, and operational lifecycle framework for the Autonomous Hive-Mind Sensor Probe (AHSP). The AHSP is a building-scale (60-meter length, approximately 500-metric-ton dry mass), non-biological, modular spacecraft chassis optimized for autonomous, multi-decade interstellar transit at relativistic velocities (\(0.05c - 0.1c\)).

By eliminating the severe mass, volume, and atmospheric shielding constraints associated with biological life-support systems, the AHSP architecture reallocates its structural mass budget to create an entirely unified, self-sustaining thermodynamic and computational ecosystem. This master architecture coordinates six highly integrated technical disclosures and one long-range theoretical supplement, establishing a non-siloed spaceflight platform where …

System And Method For Cryptographically Verifying Autonomous Agents In Merchant Transaction System, Sumit Kumar Roy, R V. Vighnesh, Apurba Pandey, Komaljot Kaur

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

A system for cryptographically verifying autonomous agents in merchant transaction systems includes a verification server configured to receive a transaction request from a terminal agent in a multi-agent delegation chain. The verification server parses a delegation chain manifest from the transaction request, wherein the delegation chain manifest comprises a linked list of signed hop records, each hop record capturing a delegation event from a delegator to a delegate. The verification server verifies, for each hop record in the delegation chain manifest, a delegator signature against a public key retrieved from an agent registry. The verification server verifies a hash …

Gci Universal Wildfire Conversion Skid (Uwcs‑1 / Uwsm‑1) An Open‑Hardware Retrofit Architecture For Converting Existing Water‑Carrying Fleets Into Wildfire Suppression Assets, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure defines a builder‑ready, open‑hardware retrofit system that converts existing commercial, industrial, agricultural, mining, municipal, and military water‑carrying trucks into wildfire‑capable suppression units using a bolt‑on skid module.

The GCI Universal Wildfire Conversion Skid (UWCS‑1 / UWSM‑1) integrates:

• A vortex–thermoacoustic hybrid pump delivering 150–300 GPM at 250–400 PSI with pump‑and‑roll and dirty‑water drafting

• A VMR‑derived drafting and debris‑separation manifold for ponds, lakes, pools, canals, and reservoirs

• A fire‑rated discharge manifold with VETI‑3.0 vortex ejector nozzle integration for long‑range, coherent water jets

• Optional crew‑protection and monitoring modules based on CIWFRS, CORES, and GCI Vortex Sentinel (AV‑1)

• A power and control …

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Gci‑501 Tornado Resonance‑Detection & Early‑Action Module (Trd‑Eam) V1.0 Open‑Hardware Tornado Early‑Warning Device, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Tornado Resonance‑Detection & Early‑Action Module (TRD‑EAM) is a standalone, open‑hardware tornado‑warning device that uses:

• ARPN infrasonic sensing

• pressure‑wave harmonics

• vorticity resonance detection

• temperature inversion sensing

• humidity‑wave detection

• EM field anomaly detection

• multi‑node coherence

• CICIS tornado logic

• ADEP tornado alert packets

to provide 10–30 minutes of tornado precursor warning.

TRD‑EAM is designed to be:

• printed on any 3D printer

• assembled with basic tools

• powered by TEHL (no batteries)

• flashed with open firmware

• deployed anywhere

• tested tomorrow

This module is the physical tornado‑warning device that completes GCI‑500.

Gci‑400 Arg‑Cm V1.0 — Atmospheric Resonance‑Guided Climate Modulation Network, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Atmospheric Resonance‑Guided Climate Modulation Network (ARG‑CM) is a fully open‑hardware, distributed system that uses real‑time atmospheric resonance sensing (ARPN) to predict moisture waves, trigger uplift, seed clouds, and coordinate atmospheric‑water harvesting in order to cool local and regional climates and reduce heat‑wave intensity.

ARG‑CM integrates:

• GCI‑322 ARPN v1.1 — Atmospheric Resonance‑Prediction Network

• Phoenix‑Water Engine (GCI‑268) — Atmospheric water harvester

• VAR (GCI‑280) — Vortex Atmospheric Reclamator

• CIFRS‑N v4.0 — Food‑Water‑Energy Nexus

• OSM v4.0 — Omni‑Sentinel Mesh

• TEHL‑v1.0 — Thermal‑Energy Harvesting Loop

• Sanitized Block — Structural housing

• CICIS — Compute and control backbone

This disclosure provides everything needed for engineers to …

Gci‑322 Arpn V1.1 — Atmospheric Resonance‑Prediction Network, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Atmospheric Resonance‑Prediction Network (ARPN) is a distributed, self‑powered, open‑hardware atmospheric sensing mesh designed to detect pre‑storm infrasonic resonance, pressure‑wave anomalies, and multi‑physics atmospheric signatures in real time. ARPN replaces numerical weather prediction (NWP) with direct physical sensing using a gyroid‑lattice resonant cavity, PVDF piezoelectric membranes, multi‑physics sensors, and a low‑power mesh network based on Ariadne’s Braid (GCI‑286) and CICIS.

Each ARPN node is battery‑less, powered by the Thermal‑Energy Harvesting Loop (TEHL‑v1.0), hardened using the Sanitized Block composite, and deployable via GCI‑320 Swarm Recovery & Pelletization. The system integrates seamlessly with CIFRS‑N, Phoenix‑Water, VAR, CIWFRS, and the broader Caldwell ecosystem. …

Technical Disclosure: Socio-Technical Governance & Prerequisite Safety Disciplines For Metric-Shift Propulsion Systems, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure establishes a defensive, socio-technical regulatory framework designed to govern the development, testing, and deployment of High-Energy Metric-Shift Propulsion (Warp/FTL) technologies. Recognizing that space-time manipulation introduces existential risks—specifically causality violation, timeline paradoxes, and the generation of highly destructive directional kinetic shockwaves ("Space-Warp Waves")—this document outlines the explicit Type 1 Civilizational Prerequisite Disciplines that must be satisfied before any physical testing of space-time metrics may legally commence. [1, 2]

By defining these strict governance structures, multi-lateral oversight mechanisms, and non-weaponization protocols as public prior art, this architecture aims to prevent fragmented corporate or nationalist entities from prematurely initiating uncontained, …

Technical Disclosure: The Citadel-Concentric Transit Architecture, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure presents a modular, non-linear, two-stage interplanetary spacecraft architecture designed to isolate human crew members from the severe thermal, mechanical, and radiological stresses of a high-field High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) REBCO magnetic confinement fusion core.

Rather than relying on traditional linear truss layouts, this architecture introduces the Citadel-Concentric Topology. The design embeds an ultra-lightweight, spherical crew habitat inside a rigid, cylindrical, reusable boost and propulsion stage (The Transit Box). The interface between the two nested stages is bridged by an open-cell silicon-carbide ceramic foam matrix. This foam acts as a multi-functional isotropic shock absorber, high-temperature thermal barrier, and passive …

Dynamically Constructing Geographically Optimized Routing Graphs From Unstructured Multi-Modal Media, Nikita Agarwal

Defensive Publications Series

A geographically optimized routing graph is dynamically constructed from unstructured multi-modal media. A transcript is generated from audiovisual data of a media item. Words or phrases satisfying geographic spatial anchoring criteria are identified and associated with a first geographic location. Visual analysis operations are performed on corresponding video frames to identify a second geographic location. A modality conflict is detected based on differences between the first and second geographic locations. The conflict is resolved by applying deterministic weighting to generate resolved geographic locations. A routing graph is generated by sequencing the resolved geographic locations based on physical geographic proximity independent …

Factors Influencing Maritime Boundary Delimitation: Particular Reference To The Case Of The Sultanate Of Oman, Abdullah Elhabeeb A. Almahjoub

Sultan Qaboos University Legal Studies Journal

This research aims to clarify the maritime zones of coastal states subject to boundary delimitation under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the extent to which this delimitation is influenced by several factors, most notably geographical, economic, political, and security considerations. These factors typically form the core of negotiations between adjacent or opposite coastal states regarding the delimitation of their maritime boundaries. This research focuses on the practical application of these factors by examining them and applying them to several cases in international practice, particularly the Omani case, to demonstrate their impact on maritime …

Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article is the first focused attempt to explore India–East Africa relationships in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, approximately two to three millennia before the Common Era (3000–300 BCE) from a puranic perspective. While extensive scholarship exists on medieval and later Indo–African exchanges, the pre-Common Era period has remained underexplored. Drawing on Purāṇic cosmographies, Greco-Roman geographical accounts, African archaeology, and Indian Ocean trade studies, this research reconstructs possible networks of contact facilitated by monsoon navigation and long-distance exchange. Methodologically, the article integrates textual exegesis, comparative cosmography, and archaeological correlation. The findings suggest that Indian conceptions of Śaṅkha-dvīpa reflect …

Collaboration In The Spread Of Missionary Christianity In Africa: The Case Of The Apostolic Church Of Nigeria, Caleb Abiodun Adeleye, Oluwasegun Peter Aluko

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article explores the significance of collaboration in the spread of missionary Christianity in Africa through a historical study of The Apostolic Church of Nigeria (TACN). It examines how the partnership between British missionaries and Nigerian leaders produced a hybrid mission model that combined Western ecclesiastical structure with African spirituality. Drawing on historical records, church documents, and existing scholarship, the article adopts a narrative–analytical method to trace how figures such as Pastors George Perfect, Idris J Vaughan and DO Odubanjo negotiated issues of theology, finance and cultural identity. The study finds that collaboration initially fostered institutional growth and doctrinal development …

Compound Role Of Using Advanced Materials And Design Procedures On Improving The Performance Of Baghdad Buildings Facades, Abeer Qasim Jbur

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The research idea addresses improving the thermal performance of buildings in Baghdad by selecting and employing facade materials to reduce heat gain and energy consumption associated with cooling in a hot-dry climate. The study discusses the pivotal role of facade materials in interacting with solar radiation, heat transfer, and inward thermal transmittance, as well as their capacity to store and release heat in ways that maintain thermal comfort within architectural spaces and reduce reliance on mechanical cooling systems. A range of traditional materials such as stone, earth, and concrete is presented alongside modern materials like high-performance glass and thermal storage …

Real-Time Adaptive Control Of Machining Parameters In Cnc Milling Using An Ensemble Digital Twin And In-Process Vibration Monitoring For Enhanced Surface Integrity, Ali Qasim Abdulwahid

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Achieving consistent surface integrity in CNC milling under varying materials and degraded tool conditions remains a critical challenge because fixed cutting parameters often induce regenerative chatter, accelerate tool wear, and cause surface and subsurface damage. This paper presents an integrated solution that combines an Ensemble Digital Twin (EDT), real-time in-process vibration monitoring, and a hybrid adaptive controller to maintain high surface quality while preserving productivity. The EDT fuses a physics-based milling dynamics model with a recurrent LSTM surrogate through a context-aware meta-learner that weights model outputs by process state (e.g., tool wear, engagement). A compact real-time monitoring pipeline computes a …

Evaluation Of Mimo Antenna Configurations For High Data-Rate Systems, Ammar Abdulimam Abbood

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper introduces a new design of cat-shaped antenna in super wideband (SWB) and high data-rate multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The single-element SWB antenna has a wide frequency range of 2.23 GHz up to more than 100 GHz with outstanding bandwidth ratio (BW Ratio = 44.84:1), fractional bandwidth (FBW = 191%), bandwidth dimensional ratio (BDR = 5567) and a peak gain of 9.52 dB. The single antenna was also expanded to 2 × 2 MIMO array to further improve performance on multipath environments. Measurements and simulation show very good results using radiation patterns, isolation, channel capacity loss (CCL), …

Enhancement Of Tribological Behavior Of Rotating Bearings Using Advanced Ceramic Compounds Via Thermal Spray Techniques, Amjid Shihab Abdul Jaleel

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Rotating machines constitute the main part of the most important industrial sectors in Iraq such as oil and gas production, power generation, and manufacturing. The harsh operating conditions however, in the form of high temperatures, corrosive agents and abrasive particulates are causes of premature failure of crucial components such as journal bearings. This study examines the improvement of tribological characteristics of normal steel journal bearings using superior ceramic coating using thermal spray. In particular, atmospheric plasma spray (APS) was used to deposit Alumina-Titania (Al₂O₃–TiO₂) and Zirconia (ZrO₂)coating on A106 Grade B carbon …

Effect Of Nano-Additives On Fracture Toughness Of Engineering Materials: An Experimental Study, Humam Ahmed Awad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Structural integrity and service life of engineering components is based on fracture resistance. The paper presents an experimental study on the nano-additive that can be added to the locally-produced Iraqi engineering materials in order to enhance their fracture toughness. The research was inspired by the increasing demand in high-performance materials in the main sectors of the country such as infrastructure and energy besides the need to improve the properties of local resources. The tested material systems were two Portland cement composites and epoxy-based polymers. Nano-silica (n-SiO₂ nano-alumina (n-Al₂O₃) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added …

Experimental Study Of The Effect Of Nano-Doping On The Electrical And Thermal Properties Of Organic Semiconductors, Zainab Abdulateef Rashad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper has introduced an experimental research case on the impact of nano-doping on electrical and thermal characteristics of organic semiconductor thin-film. The overall goal of the study is to study the effect of controlled addition of nano-dopants on charge transport characteristics and thermal stability that are important criteria in organic electronic device applications. Solution-based deposition was used to produce the thin films at a different concentration of nano-dopant and, systematic electrical and thermal measurements were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. Electrical characterization showed that there was high improvement of electrical conductivity as the nano-dopant concentration was high, especially …

An Intelligent System For Managing High-Priority Vehicle Routing In Smart Cities Using Artificial Intelligence And Spatial Data Analytics, Bahjat Abdulelah Madhloom

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In developing metropolises, there is a risk to public safety in addition to the usual traffic jams. Traffic delays can have life-altering effects every second that fire trucks and ambulances are delayed. Large cities like Baghdad, which suffer from haphazard road sealing and incompetent traffic management, are especially affected, creating daily emergency crisis problems. We create a new intelligent routing system for these top priority vehicles in order to solve this life-or-death problem. Our method uses a trained model with real-time spatial information instead of outdated static maps. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network at its core constantly forecasts …

Improvement Of Mechanical And Corrosion Properties Of Weld In Stainless Steel In Crude Oil Tank By Using Nano-Fillers, Ali Abdulzahra Shanshoon

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of welded steel exposed to gases emitted from crude oil reservoirs. In this study, two types of nanoparticles were used as fillers during welding to improve corrosion and mechanical properties. TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles were mixed with soldering oil in four mass concentrations of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5% by ultrasonic bath method and used as filler during the welding process. In order to prepare the samples, plain carbon steel with a thickness of 3 mm was used and they were welded together by …

Strategic Optimal Design Of Energy Storage Systems For Enhancing Stability And Sustainability In Electrical Distribution Networks, Hayder Abdulhussein Allawi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The paper will provide a multi-objective model of optimizing the strategic placement and size of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the Iraqi electrical distribution systems. The power grid of Iraq has deep issues, such as chronic power shortages, extreme grid instability, and astronomical technical and non-technical losses, and they can be up to 50 percent of the power generated. These problems require new solutions that will make the grid more modern and reliable in terms of energy security. The suggested methodology combines a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the specific mathematical models of BESS and renewable energy …

Social Complex Systems In Virtual Thirdspaces Of Global Education: Sites Of Structural Inequalities And Radical Pedagogical Possibilities, José Luis Jimenez-Figarotti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

While Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) and Virtual Exchange (VE) are celebrated as democratizing tools fostering intercultural understanding, this techno-utopian narrative obscures a complex reality: the virtual classroom is a contested social field where global inequalities are reproduced and amplified. This dissertation interrogates this paradox, exploring how structural inequalities, digital divides, and epistemic hierarchies are negotiated within the Virtual Thirdspace of global education. Integrating Structural Inequalities (Galtung, 1969; Farmer, 2004; Tilly, 1998; and Young, 2008), Critical Environmental Justice (Pellow, 2018), Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989), World-Systems Analysis (Wallerstein, 1974), and Thirdspace theory (Soja, 1996), the study examines this terrain as both a …