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The Cowl - V. 89 N. 3 - October 2, 2025

The Cowl

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Vol. 89 No. 3 - October 2, 2025. 20 pages.

Olli Fall 2025 Catalog, Toniann Leavitt

Osher Lifelong Learning Institute

No abstract provided.

Embedded Aid And Organizational Vulnerability: Usaid’S Withdrawal And Moroccan Civil Society, Elsie Prince

Morocco: Human Rights, Social Justice, and Cultural Transformation

This study examines the consequences of the United States’ 2025 dismantling of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USIAD) and its effects on Moroccan nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). While debates within the United States increasingly frame foreign aid as wasteful or misaligned with domestic priorities, USAID has historically served as a core instrument of U.S. geopolitical strategy and a central source of financial, technical, and institutional support for local civil society abroad. The research investigates how long-term donor-recipient relationships shape organizational vulnerability and resilience when a dominant donor abruptly withdraws. Based on qualitative fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2025, the study …

Dipl 2120 International Conflict And Security, Brendan J. Balestrieri Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

The first part of this course serves as a general introduction to the study of international security, a field primarily concerned with the threat and use of force by state and non-state actors. Topics examined include the origins of major power wars, regional conflicts, terrorism, military intervention, and alliances. The second part of this course will use alliances as a lens through which to better understanding international conflict and security and will focus predominantly on the US system of Alliances in the Asia-Pacific.

Networks For Survival: North Korea’S Systematic Evasion Of International Sanctions, Kaeli Rasnake

Senior Honors Theses

This paper aims to address the evolution and methodologies of North Korea’s sanction evasion tactics. The nation’s ability to maintain its economy sustains its capacity to pose a threat to the United States and its allies. This paper has identified four major networks that North Korea utilizes to survive, which include sanctions evasion tactics, partnerships with China, Russia, and the Developing World. The study utilizes a qualitative research methodology to analyze and assess the behaviors and interactions at play. This paper concludes that foreign policy towards North Korea centered on sanctions is not enough, as North Korea has proven it …

Ciwag Policy Papers #1: Seabed Warfare Is Here: A U.S. - Led Global Strategy To Secure The Ocean Floor, Dave Brown

CIWAG Policy Papers

Dr. Jahara Matisek, James Langan, Andrew Rolander, and CIWAG Director David A. Brown, COL (Ret.) build on discussions from CIWAG's 2025 Maritime Symposium, co-sponsored with the Naval War College Foundation, and expanding on key insights shared in "The Trident" podcast episode on maritime sabotage, this paper demonstrates why protecting critical undersea infrastructure is no longer optional—it’s urgent. "Growing numbers of incidents and the destruction of pipelines and cables in the waters around Europe and Taiwan signal a global shift: the seabed has become a contested battlespace. The combination of difficulty of detection and attribution, plus the severe consequences to economic …

What’S Wrong With These Pictures? A Critique Of Waltz, Walt And Mcfaul, Jan Niklas Rolf

Journal of Strategic Security

Reflecting on the ideas that have been offered to explain interstate conflict, Kenneth Waltz famously identified three images of war. Waltz’s method to rule out certain causes as the underlying causes of war was to identify constant and variable variables. The fact that the variety in one variable is not matched by the variety in another variable then allowed him to question the assumed causal relationship between the two variables. But whereas in Man, the State, and War he argued that agency, because of its constancy, cannot explain variations in war and peace, in his later book Theory of International …

Aligning Climate-Energy Policies With Citizen Beliefs, Scientific Findings, Health And Economic Benefits, And Geopolitical Stability, A. R. Mcconnell, Tyler P. Jacobs

Psychology Faculty Works

Recent and abrupt deviations in U.S. climate and energy policies are shifting the United States away from a more sustainable future toward greater fossil-fuel use that will accelerate global warming. These new priorities go against the wishes of the American people as measured by many nationally representative surveys, and they ignore the scientific consensus regarding climate change and its deleterious consequences. This new agenda will harm the physical and mental health of Americans, imperil the U.S. economy, weaken American leadership in science, and increase geopolitical instability. Despite the frightening nature of these unprecedented departures from past climate-energy policies, successfully combating …

Fall 2025: Antimatter

The Weldon Times

A student-run publication from the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University.

Co-Editors in Chief: Kimberly Gilson, Carleigh MacKenzie

From Seapower To Shining Seapower, Michael Lee

Publications and Research

The liberal world order is dead: the United States has abandoned both the domestic and international institutional commitments that enabled it to function. How can liberal democracy survive in an increasingly hostile world? How can liberal democracies grow powerful enough to defend themselves without becoming the empires they fear? I argue that seapowers have historically represented a distinct kind of hegemon, that is more amenable to international cooperation, and democracy at home. Moreover, the transition from declining seapowers to rising ones has played a vital role in preserving a space for more liberal states (relative to their historical context), such …

Holocaust Memorialization & Memory: Serbia’S Strange Remembrance Of The Shoah At Sajmište, Henry Gilson

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The changing landscape of Shoah memory in Serbia has largely gone unexamined. Using the Staro Sajmište concentration camp site and its in situ memorial as a focal point, this paper examines how Holocaust remembrance in Serbia has shifted across historical periods, often marked by erasure, marginalization, and historical revisionism. Official narratives frequently redirected attention away from the Jewish victims murdered at Staro Sajmište toward emphasizing Serbian suffering, particularly at the Ustaše-operated Jasenovac camp. Political pressures and the strategic use and placement of commemorative plaques facilitated this narrative shift. Only in response to international scrutiny and scandals has substantial progress been …

Course Schedule 2025-2026, William & Mary Law School

Course Information

No abstract provided.

Arms Up Or Down? The Effect Of International Organization Membership On Military Expenditures, Maria Christina Kardash

Student Publications

In this paper, I investigate the relationship between the total number of international organizations a state is involved in and its military expenditures as a percentage of GDP. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analysis, I find support for my hypothesis that the more international organizations a state is a member of, the less a state will expend on its military. Qualitatively, I focus on the three main theories of international relations (realism, liberalism, and constructivism) to construct a theoretical foundation for my paper. Under realism, I focus on free riding behavior, under liberalism, I center on non-military priorities, and under …

Intelligence As An Instrument Of National Power: Lessons Learned From The Tensions Between Serbia And Kosovo, Vadym Chernysh

Journal of Strategic Security

Intelligence activity is unique; it can be a valuable and powerful tool in the hands of state leaders. Leaders should rely not solely on their perception or intuition to leverage the intelligence instrument of national power but rather on understanding this phenomenon and its inherent qualities. Often, political leadership may confuse the functions of intelligence and law-enforcement agencies, leading to the ineffective or inefficient use of national power instruments to achieve strategic goals. Leveraging the intelligence instrument of national power in prolonged conflicts with a larger adversary is a crucial aspect of statecraft. The role of intelligence can be vital …

India’S Policy Shift Towards Afghanistan Under De Facto Taliban Government, Neha Manhas, Sitakanta Mishra

Journal of Strategic Security

The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan is no longer at the forefront of the global agenda, though after four years of its rule, the Islamic Emirate strives for global legitimacy. India, one of the major partners in the reconstruction of Afghanistan since 2001, has drastically minimized its role, and no major attempt was made to deal with the Taliban until the withdrawal of US/NATO forces in 2021. Similarly, the Taliban regime in turn has not made any breakthrough with India in its diplomatic pursuits. However, sporadic meetings between the Indian and Taliban government officials have taken place, leading to speculation …

Killing The Wto, Katayoon Beshkardana

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

No abstract provided.

Self-Defense Without Overreach: How Status Of Forces Agreements Address The Legal Gaps In Article 51, Alexis Shaw

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

No abstract provided.

Turkish Eyes For America: How Turkey Embraced The United States In The Interwar Period, Jack Goodwin

The Ozark Historical Review

This research discusses the unique relationship developed between the United States and Turkey between world wars and invites us to reconsider the popular understanding of the United States’ place in Turkey and questions the ways American officials believed were the most effective at spreading their national ideals and culture.

Rethinking The Narrative Of Turkey’S July 15 Events: An Intelligence Operation Disguised As A Coup Attempt, Mustafa Kirisci, Ibrahim Kocaman, Murat Balci

Publications

Academia, think tanks, and international media have largely adopted the Turkish government’s narrative that the events of July 15, 2016, constituted a failed coup attempt. This dominant framing has shaped policy responses and scholarly interpretations despite the authoritarian context in which it was crafted. Many Turkish and Western scholars accepted the Turkish government’s narrative that the July 15 events were a failed coup attempt. They often rely on surface-level indicators and official statements without critically engaging with available evidence. Also, they disregarded substantial evidence and defendants’ statements in judicial proceedings that directly contradict official statements. One notable exception to this …

The Us-Ukraine Strategic Minerals Partnership In The Wake Of Russia’S War Of Aggression, Gregory Shaffer, Sergio Puig

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has prompted not only military and diplomatic responses, but also novel forms of international agreements centered on co-investment in resources and infrastructure. This essay examines the “minerals deal” between Ukraine and the United States. The agreement establishes a joint venture for investment in mining, hydrocarbons, and infrastructure in Ukraine. Although the key details are set forth in a Limited Partnership Agreement (LP Agreement) that remains undisclosed, insights can be drawn from the publicly available Agreement on the Establishment of a United States–Ukraine Reconstruction and Investment Fund (UURIF), official statements, a leaked draft of the LP …

Approxımatıon Of The Ahlfors-Beurlıng Transform In The Lebesgue Spaces, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Rashid A. Aliev, Lale Sh. Alizade

Baku Mathematical Journal

The Ahlfors-Beurling transform is one of the important operators in complex analysis. It is the "Hilbert transform" on complex plane. This transform plays an essential role in applications to the theory of quasiconformal mappings and to the Beltrami equation with discontinuous coeffcients. Therefore, approximations of the Ahlfors-Beurling transform are of great interest. This article is devoted to the approximation of the Ahlfors- Beurling transform in the Lebesgue spaces. We prove that the approximating operators are bounded maps in the Lebesgue spaces and converges strongly to the Ahlfors-Beurling transform

Navigating Divergence: Principle Or Pragmatism? The Us’ Executive Order On Ai And Its Implications For Us - Eu Governance, Terre Lundy

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

President Trump’s Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence issued in January 2025, indicates a significant shift from the United States’ alignment with EU AI and Digital policies. Replacing former President Biden’s EO 14110, which emphasized the safe, secure, and trustworthy development of AI, interagency coordination, and oversight, the new directive favors deregulation, industry-led innovation and securing US global AI dominance. Grounded in America First principles, Executive Order 14179 signifies a clear departure from multilateral AI cooperation, raising significant concerns about the future of AI development and deployment. This article examines the implications of Executive Order …

Environmental Controls On Planktonic Community Variability And Ecosystem Responses In The Romanian Black Sea, Cristina Tabarcea, Elena Bișinicu, George-Emanuel Harcotă, Aurelia Țoțoiu, Oana Vlas, Elena Pantea, Luminita Lazar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study examines the structure, distribution, and environmental influences on planktonic communities in the Romanian Black Sea, based on data collected from Black Sea national monitoring stations in June 2023. We assessed the qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, macrozooplankton, and ichthyoplankton, alongside key environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentrations (nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate). The results highlight the dominance of dinoflagellates within the phytoplankton community, while copepods constitute the most abundant mesozooplankton group. Species from the Codonellidae family mainly represent microzooplankton diversity, while macrozooplankton is largely dominated by the scyphozoan Aurelia …

Quaker Campus, September 18, 2025 (Vol. 24, Issue 2), Whittier College

Quaker Campus

No abstract provided.

Beyond Description: Interrogating Narrative Elements In Archival Finding Aids, David J. Williams, Richard Kearney

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

As the archival profession evolves, attention is increasingly paid to the usability of its resources and services. User Experience, or UX, is a contemporary design practice gaining prominence among archivists interested in addressing usability. Information design, the process of organizing and presenting information for efficient and effective use, is a component of UX incorporating both the presentation and content of communication instruments, with plain language writing guidelines applied toward achieving this goal. A prominent information artifact produced by archivists is the finding aid, describing and inventorying archival collections. Those components of finding aids providing “access points” into collections—communicating the …

Commonwealth Times 2025-09-17

Commonwealth Times, 1969-

No abstract provided.

The College Voice, Vol. 62, No. 7 [September 17, 2025], Connecticut College

2025-2026

No abstract provided.

"Atlantic Unity Aim Of Paris Convention" By Laurence C. Eklund, Journal Washington Bureau. Reprint Of The Milwaukee Journal, Laurence C. Eklund

Jack R. Woolf Papers

"Atlantic Unity Aim of Paris Convention" by Laurence C. Eklund, Journal Washington Bureau. Reprint of the Milwaukee Journal, Sunday, November 12, 1961.

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Autumn 2025 issue of Parameters. We open with two In Focus commentaries. The first, “A Case for Military Proportionality: Disabling Nuclear Plants” by Henry Sokolski, offers practical ways in which military planners can disable civilian targets, such as nuclear infrastructure, without undermining operational goals, alliance cohesion, or long-term political objectives. Our second commentary, “The Consequences of Declining Patriotism in the United States” by Neil N. Snyder, presents findings from a national survey showing a decline in patriotism, especially among Generation Z nonveterans. His article highlights a growing civil-military values gap with implications for recruitment and national …

A Case For Military Proportionality: Disabling Nuclear Plants, Henry Sokolski

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This special commentary argues that striking nuclear and other hazardous civilian infrastructure is often militarily counterproductive and should be avoided not just for legal and moral reasons but because strikes can defeat achieving one’s war aims. Unlike most commentaries, which treat proportionality as an abstract legal constraint, this article shows how proportionality can serve as a concrete tool for winning wars and maintaining alliances. The article draws on military history, current targeting doctrines, and recent war games. The analysis gives military planners practical guidance for how and why to disable certain civilian targets without undermining their own operations.