Digital Commons Network^™

Stratifying Renal Risk In End-Stage Renal Disease: Evidence From A Population-Based Dialysis Registry In Northern Saudi Arabia, Reem Eltayeb, Naif K Binsaleh, Ghaida A Alsaif, Mona Hm Ahmed, Ahmed M Taha, Abdelhameed Abdelzaher, Zinab Alatawi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: We examined the relationship of age, gender, smoking, nationality, and place of residence with renal dysfunction severity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of ESRD registry data collected from King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Adults (≥ 15 years) treated from March 2023 - February 2024 were enrolled. Serum creatinine and urinary albumin concentrations were measured (based on primary [≥ 625 μmol/L and ≥ 18 mg/L, respectively] and sensitivity thresholds). Bivariate analyses, interaction testing, sensitivity models, and multivariable logistic regression were employed. Results: Of 212 patients (50.9% male), based on primary thresholds, …

Critically Ill Patients Presenting To The Emergency Department; Outcome Review In A Tertiary Care Center, Maan Jamjoom, Lina Sami Reda, Bsaim Abdulsalam Altirkistani, Samer Tariq Anwar Ahmed, Samer Ali Alasmari, Abdulrahman Adnan Almehmadi, Ahmad Loay Atiah, Faisal Abdulaziz Boker, Rand Ayman Maddah

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: Critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department require prompt recognition and prioritized care due to the severity of their conditions. Reviewing their clinical outcomes helps guide future planning and resource allocation. This study aims to highlight the outcomes of patients triaged as CTAS I and II in the emergency department of a tertiary care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary healthcare center, National Guard Health Affairs, in Jeddah. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of factors (including length of stay) and outcomes for a …

Microbiological Profile And Antibiotic Resistance In Relation To Risk Of Recurrence And Fistula Following Perianal Abscess Drainage: A Retrospective Study, Saleh A. Busbait

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: The practice of obtaining routine intraoperative cultures and administering postoperative antibiotics for perianal abscess treatment continues to be debated, so far, there is no established evidence linking these practices to improved patient outcomes. This study investigated the microbial distribution together with antibiotic resistance and their relationship to abscess recurrence or fistula development. Methods: The study analyzed 242 patients who received their first perianal abscess treatment through incision and drainage procedures at a Saudi Arabian tertiary center from 2019 to 2023. Swab cultures were obtained intraoperatively. A descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and antibiotic resistance were analyzed. Results: The most frequently …

An Investigation Of The Correlation Between Total Intracranial Volume And Body Mass Index, Walaa M. Alsharif, Fahad H. Alhazmi, Ali D. Almutairi, Rahaf M. Alharbi, Lana M. Alsaedi, Razan A. Alharbi, Amirah F. Alsaedi, Abdulaziz A. Qurashi, Adnan A. Alahmadi, Khalid M. Alshamrani, Faisal A. Alrehily, Shrooq T. Aldahery, Osamah M. Abdulaal, Reem M. Elkady

Saudi Medical Journal

\looseness-1 Objective: Total intracranial volume (TICV) is an important covariate in brain volumetric analysis that can vary significantly between participants. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and TICV. Methods: 152 healthy volunteers were recruited. The BMI was calculated, and T1-weighted images were acquired to estimate brain volumetric values. The data were analyzed using volBrain software. Results: Male participants have significantly higher GM, WM, CSF, TICV, cerebellum GM, cortical GM, subcortical GM and cerebrum GM volumes compared to female. There were significant differences in GM, TICV, cerebellum GM, cortical GM, subcortical GM and cerebrum GM …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Overweight, Obesity, And Failure To Thrive In Pediatric Inpatients: Prevalence, Diagnostic Practices, And Management Approaches At A Tertiary Hospital In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Ibrahim A Al Alwan, Elaf A Alshammari, Ahmed A Alabdulkarim, Abdulaziz A Ajeebi, Afnan A Alhazimi, Nawaf A Alhamied, Deema Y Alasmari

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, diagnostic accuracy, and inpatient management of pediatric weight abnormalities at a tertiary children's hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a retrospective cohort design. Methods: The study analyzed medical records of pediatric inpatients aged 2–14 years admitted to King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) in 2023. Data collected included anthropometrics, dietary history, physical activity, diagnostic workup, and treatment plans. Overweight and obesity were classified using BMI percentiles, while FTT was identified via weight-for-age and growth percentile criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze diagnostic accuracy and factors influencing missed diagnoses. Results: Of 7,771 …

Mapping Health Research Involving Human Subjects In Saudi Arabia: A Text Mining And Topic Modeling Analysis, Khalid A. Alhussain

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To identify dominant and underrepresented research topics and to classify published studies by design and data sources in health research involving human subjects from Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed PubMed-indexed health articles related to Saudi Arabia from 1959 to March 2025. Text mining was used to identify studies conducted in the country involving human subjects. Eligible articles were classified by study design and data sources. Topic modeling using non-negative matrix factorization was applied to identify topics based on the primary research focus. Results: A total of 36,452 records of studies conducted in Saudi Arabia were initially identified. …

Translational Barriers To Aav And Crispr Gene Therapy In Diabetes, Abdulrahman G. Alharbi

Saudi Medical Journal

Gene therapy targets diabetes pathophysiology rather than symptoms, yet clinical translation is slower than preclinical success. This review synthesizes 143 registered trials (ClinicalTrials.gov, 2010-2025) identifying systematic implementation barriers. Despite >15 years of development, 83% of trials remain in Phase I-II. Only zimislecel achieved Phase III outcomes (83% insulin independence at 12 months, n=12, requiring immunosuppression). VM202 for diabetic neuropathy failed Phase III despite positive extension results. Three systematic barriers emerged: (1) human transduction efficiency is 6-8.7-fold lower than preclinical models; (2) pre-existing immunity excludes 58-78% of candidates; (3) manufacturing capacity serves <2.5% of target population (40-400 years to treat at maximum capacity). These constraints explain why ex vivo cell therapies advanced to efficacy trials while in vivo gene delivery remains in Phase I despite longer development timelines. Research priorities should emphasize non-viral delivery systems offering scalable manufacturing and universal hypoimmune donor cells to address access barriers.

Semaglutide In Metabolic Medicine: A Review On Clinical Applications And Emerging Therapeutics, Abdulrahman A. Aljabri

Saudi Medical Journal

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus affect over 800 million and 537 million individuals worldwide. Semaglutide, a weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has advanced treatment of pathophysiological processes linked to metabolic dysregulation. This review consolidates evidence on its mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness across established and emerging applications, safety, and prospects for personalized therapy. Clinical studies have shown that semaglutide sustains glycemic control, promotes substantial weight loss, and provides cardiovascular and renal protection. Recent FDA clearance marks the first therapeutic alternative for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis among the emerging applications. Pharmacogenomic insights facilitate personalized therapy; however, clinical applications remain in experimental …

Rehabilitation Outcomes Of Pediatric Burn Survivors In Saudi Arabia: A Thematic Narrative Review And Policy Implications, Abdulaziz Ghandurah, Mshari Alghadier

Saudi Medical Journal

Pediatric burns in Saudi Arabia are predominantly household scalds in young children, causing long-term disability from scarring, contractures, pain/itch, psychosocial distress, and disrupted schooling. This thematic narrative review (2010–2025) synthesizes global and regional evidence, appraises outcome measures with attention to Arabic availability, and translates findings into Vision 2030–aligned policy actions. Evidence supports early, multidisciplinary care anchored in standardized outcome tracking. Pressure-garment therapy remains inconclusive, whereas virtual reality reduces procedural pain and telerehabilitation serves families distant from tertiary centers. A minimum national outcome set is proposed spanning scar quality (VSS, POSAS), joint range of motion, age-appropriate pain and itch scales (FLACC/FPS-R/NRS), …

Understanding The Cost Consequences Of Pharmacist Roles In Managing Long-Term Illnesses: A Systematic Review, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: This review looked at how different pharmacist-led services influence medication spending and other economic outcomes for people living with long-term illnesses. Methods: To gather the evidence, we followed the PRISMA 2020 approach and a comprehensive search was conducted using multiple sources, including Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, the Directory of Open Access Journals, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We included studies that examined pharmacist involvement in medication management such as MTM, medication reconciliation, deprescribing efforts, or full medication reviews and that reported some form of cost or economic outcome in chronic disease care. We left out non-English work, conference …

Impact Of Clinical Pharmacist Educational Intervention On Lipid Profile And Its Clinical Outcomes, Saad Saeed Alqahtani

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: To assess how clinical pharmacist-led educational interventions affect lipid profile parameters and related clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease-risk individuals. Methods: This systematic review completed as according to PRISMA 2020 principles. Searches were done on PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies examining impact of the pharmacists' educational initiatives on lipid levels were included. However, case reports, conference proceedings, and studies in other languages not in English, and studies lacking full-text access were excluded from the review. Following screening and eligibility assessment, a total of 33 papers were included out of the 1731 records found. …

A Multi-Task Cnn-Lstm Model With Attention Mechanism For Climate Temperature Forecasting Over Iraq, Salim M. Mohammed, Omar M. Mustafa, Lailan M. Haji, Omar M. Ahmed

Al-Bahir

Accurate forecasting of climate temperature at the regional scale is crucial to agriculture planning, water resource management, and disaster preparedness. Still, due to the nonlinear and complicated temporal patterns in regions such as Iraq, conventional climate models fail to meet this imperative. This paper presents a novel deep learning model that not only predicts monthly average temperature values but also predicts the temperature trend, hence addressing the regional climate prediction problem holistically. The proposed model is designed as a multi-task deep learning framework integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, and an attention mechanism to process historical monthly temperature …

Health Effects Of Cadmium And Manganese Exposure On Luteinizing Hormone Levels: A Pilot Study Of Female Infertility, Shatha F. Alhous, Anees A. Al-Hamzawi, Murtadha Sh. Aswood

Al-Bahir

Female infertility occurs for many reasons, some unknown. Exposure to heavy metals is a risk factor that negatively impacts on female reproductive system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium Cd and manganese Mn on luteinizing hormone LH levels for females’ infertility. This study included a healthy group (n = 20), primary infertile females (n = 40), and secondary infertile females (n = 20) collected from Al-Zahraa hospital in Najaf center, Iraq. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to measure the cadmium and manganese concentrations and LH levels were measured by a Maglumi 800 from Snibe …

Enhanced Cuckoo Search-Based Optimization For Single Distributed Generation Placement And Sizing In Radial Distribution Systems, Samson Oladayo Ayanlade, Abdulrasaq Jimoh, Richard Oladayo Olarewaju, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Israel O. Adejumobi, Joseph B. Samson, Oluwadare A. Adebisi, Oluwadare O. Akinrogunde

Al-Bahir

This paper presents an Enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ECSA) to optimally place and size Distributed Generation (DG) in radial distribution systems to minimize real power loss within operating constraints. The proposed ECSA has exponentially decaying adaptive Lévy flights, constraint-aware solution repair with dynamic penalty coefficients, and diversity-directed stochastic replacement to enhance search robustness and convergence speed. It was tested with 30 independent runs on the IEEE 33-bus, IEEE 69-bus, and a practical Nigerian 32-bus distribution network. The simulations show that the ECSA lowers the active power loss of the IEEE 33-bus system from 201.58 kW to 102.75 kW (49.03%), and …

Voltage-Mode Driver With Sar-Based Termination Calibration, Moustafa M. Elsayed, Abeer T. Khalil, Sameh A. Ibrahim, Mohy Eldin A. Abo-Elsoud

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This paper introduces a DAC-based four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) driver capable of operating at data rates up to 80 Gb/s in 65-nm CMOS technology. A replica-based termination calibration loop is proposed to preserve driver linearity across process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The proposed driver achieves a relative level mismatch (RLM) of 99.3%. In addition, the transmitter demonstrates a vertical eye opening of 134.8 mV and a horizontal eye opening of 0.44 UI under worst-case conditions.

Effectiveness Of Peace Education And Recommendations For Implementation In The Sultanate Of Oman's School Curriculum, Vision 2040, Mohamed Al Braiki

Dissertations and Theses

This study explores peace education as an institutional process within the Sultanate of Oman's K–12 education system. Currently, Oman Vision 2040 articulates commitments to social cohesion, global citizenship, and holistic development. Existing empirical research indicates constant challenges related to bullying, student well-being, emotional distress, and school-related harm. This study conceptualizes peace education as a structural and relational mechanism embedded within institutional routines, leadership practices, and conflict-management responses. Using a qualitative integrative review design, the study examines peer-reviewed research, policy documents, and institutional analyses relevant to Oman, the Gulf region, and broader peace education scholarship. The analysis is guided by theoretical …

Stimulation Of The Medial Septum Diagonal Band Of Broca Rescues Learning And Memory Deficits In Fmr1 Ko Mice, Mohamed Ouardouz, Amanda E Hernan, J. Matthew Mahoney, Rodney C Scott

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and a leading monogenic cause of autism, arises from the loss of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (Fmr protein), leading to synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that the frequency-specific electrical stimulation of the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) can restore cognitive and synaptic impairments in Fmr1 knockout mice, a validated model of FXS. Thirty minutes of 35 Hz MSDB stimulation significantly improved subsequent recognition memory, sociability, spatial learning, and fear memory, with recognition memory enhancements persisting for up to 7 days after daily 30 min …

External Fixation Assisted Intramedullary Total Femur Arthroplasty: A Case Report, Matthew Hnatow, Blake Martin, Emma Herrera

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction:Total femur replacement (TFR) is a salvage procedure for patients with multiple failed hip and knee arthroplasties and is associated with high complication rates. Intramedullary TFR has emerged as a technique to preserve critical soft tissue attachments; however, maintaining limb length, alignment, and rotation remains challenging.

Case Presentation: We describe a novel case of intramedullary TFR utilizing external fixation to address these technical challenges. A 64-year-old male with subsidence of a hinged knee tumor prosthesis to the level of the greater trochanter underwent intramedullary TFR. External fixation was applied to the residual femoral and tibial bones to maintain …

Enacting Tension: A Phenomenological, Art-Based Study Of Nicu Siblings’ Lived Experience Through Engagement With Dramatic Reality, Rebecca A. Versaci

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

A Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization reorganizes family life, yet siblings’ perspectives are rarely centered in NICU research. This phenomenological, art-based dissertation explores NICU siblings’ lived experience as revealed through the roles they created during engagement in dramatic reality. Eight child siblings of NICU patients participated in a storymaking and improvisational role-play intervention. Transcripts, participant artwork, and stories were examined through thematic analysis, and dramaturgical coding. Three central tensions organized children’s dramatic worlds: It’s Hard to be Together and It’s Hard to be Apart, I Want to be Free, but I am Trapped; I Want to Help …

The Development Of Poker As A Sport In Japan: Intersections With Culture, Law And Public Administration, And Community, Masatoshi Minowa

Japanese Society and Culture

This study examines the emergence of poker as a competitive mind sport in Japan, a country where strict anti-gambling laws (Penal Code Article 185) prohibit cash wagering. Drawing on secondary materials—including newspaper and magazine reports, and online media—as well as primary data from Poker Guild Corporation and interviews with the Kamiichi Town Planning Division, the research applies established theoretical frameworks (Getz & Page’s event tourism, Putnam’s social capital, Reith’s techno-economic systems) to analyze the distinctive evolution of Japanese poker culture. Findings reveal that tournament‐focused venue operations and the innovative Poker Web Coin system have fostered a nationwide network of skill‐based …

Restricting Academic Dishonesty At A Japanese University, Joel Weinberg

Japanese Society and Culture

This research explores three approaches to handling academic dishonesty: punitive, preventive, and positive. First, the history of cheating and the punitive approach is briefly discussed. Next, research results of a preventive approach that was used at a Japanese university are given. During this research, three surveys were conducted to gauge students’ opinions about cheating, to account for the methods, and to measure the prevalence of cheating on post-reading quizzes. The survey results show that at least eleven types of cheating on post-reading quizzes were used and that non-cheating students were concerned about this issue. As a result of the surveys, …

Healthcare Decision-Making In An Ageing Society: Legal, Policy, And Ethical Challenges In Japan, Yukio Sakurai

Japanese Society and Culture

This paper examines the evolving landscape of healthcare decision-making in Japan’s rapidly ageing society, with a focus on the legal, policy, and ethical challenges it entails. It analyzes the limitations of the adult guardianship system, the risks associated with family-dependent decision-making, and the underutilization of advance care planning (ACP). The study further considers how demographic shifts, advances in medical technology, and socio-legal inertia affect end-of-life care, particularly for individuals with diminished capacity. A central theme is the inherent ethical dilemma in balancing individual autonomy with Japan's cultural context, where explicit self-assertion can be challenging, especially for older adults. Cultural dimensions …

Institutional Transitions In The Employment Of Foreign Workers In Japan’S Agriculture And Food Manufacturing: From Technical Intern Training To Employment For Skill Development And Specified Skilled Worker In Comparison With The Uk, Tomoyuki Kuwaharada

Japanese Society and Culture

This paper investigates the institutional transition in Japan’s acceptance of foreign workers in the agriculture and food manufacturing sectors, focusing on the restructuring of entry-stage training schemes and their linkage to skill-based employment. In particular, it traces the shift from the Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) to the Employment for Skill Development (ESD) Programme as the primary entry route, and examines how these institutional changes are embedded within the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) framework.

Drawing upon official statistics from 2012 to 2024 and sector-specific case studies, the analysis demonstrates that the introduction of the SSW status in 2019 marked a …

Supervisor Behaviors And Perceived Organizational Impact Of Telework: A Work Disruption Perspective, Tsuyoshi Ohira, Masaki Hosomi

Japanese Society and Culture

As telework (e.g., working from home) has become widespread, understanding its organizational impact from managers’ perspectives and identifying supervisor behaviors that influence this impact are critical. Drawing on work disruption theory, we examined the relationships between four supervisor behaviors in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) management competencies—respectful and responsible (RR), managing and communicating work (MCW), reasoning and managing difficult situations (RDS), and managing the individual within the team (MIT)—and the perceived organizational impact of telework. We also tested whether telework rate and intensity moderated these relationships. Survey data were collected from 239 supervisors at two time points. Results showed …

Freedom Of Expression And The Right To Protection Against Defamation: Cf. Handling Of The Libel Of The Criminal Law And The Libel Of The Civil Law, Masumi Shizawa

Japanese Society and Culture

This study reviews natures of the Constitution, Civil Code, and Criminal Code of Japan in terms of the right to protection against defamation, and explores the foundations thereof. The point of it is to clarify the nature of the right to protection against defamation as indicated in the Constitution. 　The right to protection against defamation, along with the right to privacy, has long been recognized as a personal right. While the right to privacy relates to the private domain, the right to protection against defamation relates to one’s social reputation. The Constitution of Japan does not clearly stipulate the right …

March 20, 2026 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

First Epidemiological Assessment: Syphilis Seroprevalence Among Asymptomatic Blood Donors In Merowe, Northern Sudan, 2022, Doaa Albagir Ahmed, Sabra Alfadil Ibrahim, Hiba Elsadig Salah, Hamad A. Albagir

Saudi Toxicology Journal

Syphilis remains a significant transfusion-transmissible infection, yet regional epidemiological data from Northern Sudan are lacking. This study aimed to establish preliminary baseline syphilis seroprevalence among asymptomatic blood donors in Merowe, Northern Sudan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2022 at the Merowe blood donation center. Eighty-nine consecutive asymptomatic male blood donors were screened for anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Fortress Diagnostics, UK). Demographic data were collected via structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence was 2.25% (2/89; 95% CI: 0.6–7.9%). The donor population median age was 32 years (range: 18–64). Both reactive donors were referred …

Rapid Resolution Of Psoriatic Arthritis Symptoms Following Initiation Of A Glp-1 Receptor Agonist, Joseph E. Capito, Kate Gelman

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, with growing evidence of their anti-inflammatory effects. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman with obesity, T2DM, and biopsy-confirmed plaque psoriasis who developed joint pain and stiffness consistent with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Her symptoms persisted despite appropriate trials of topical corticosteroids, calcipotriene, and oral apremilast. She also declined methotrexate due to concerns about side effects. Imaging of her hands revealed distal interphalangeal joint space narrowing, marginal erosions, and periosteal reaction, supporting the diagnosis of PsA. The patient was …

Chatgpt Versus Uptodate In Preclinical Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency Cosine Similarity, Shankar S. Thiru, Nicholas E. Aksu, Matthew Chiang, Daniel O. Gallagher, Mary Furlong, Elizabeth R. Prevou, Akhil Jay Khanna

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly used by medical students for self-directed learning. Although these models demonstrate linguistic fluency, their reliability as supplementary resources for preclinical education remains uncertain. In particular, comparisons with evidence-based references such as UpToDate are lacking.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the similarity between responses generated by ChatGPT (with GPT-4o mini) and those from UpToDate to preclinical medical education questions to assess ChatGPT's potential as an adjunctive learning tool.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional comparison study using 150 first-order questions derived from a preclinical question bank at a single allopathic institution under the …

Exploring The Connection Between Cultural Humility And The Hexaco 60 Pi-R Among Licensed Professional Counselors In The United States, Debbie Franzen Franzen-Lang

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cultural humility is essential to effective counseling across diverse populations, yet its dispositional foundations remain unclear, limiting the development of evidence based, personality informed training strategies in counselor education. Grounded in Foronda’s Cultural Humility theory, this quantitative, nonexperimental study examined the relationship between personality traits and cultural humility among licensed professional counselors in the United States. The participants included 125 licensed professional counselors who completed the HEXACO PI R 60-item inventory and Foronda’s Cultural Humility Scale. The results of a multiple linear regression were statistically significant for the overall model, F(6,118) = 6.165, p < .001, R² = .239, accounting for 23.9% of the variance in cultural humility. Openness to experience was a significantly negative predictor (B = –.519, p < .001), indicating that higher openness scores were associated with lower cultural humility; honesty-humility was not statistically significant (p = .052), and the remaining traits also were not significant predictors. These findings complicate assumptions about the dispositional roots of cultural humility and suggest potential implications for counselor education, including experiential learning, reflective supervision, and skills-based training that may support cultural humility development. The results suggest that personality traits may play a role in cultural humility and may have implications for integrating personality-related insights into multicultural frameworks, conceptualizing humility as a dynamic construct influenced by both traits and context.