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A Stochastic Maximum Principle For Singular Mean-Field Regime-Switching Optimal Control, Maalvladedon Ganet Some, Edward Korveh Jun 2026

A Stochastic Maximum Principle For Singular Mean-Field Regime-Switching Optimal Control, Maalvladedon Ganet Some, Edward Korveh

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

In this paper, we investigate a mean-field singular stochastic optimal control problem for systems governed by mean-field regime-switching singular stochastic differential equations. The state process is assumed to depend on both a regular and a singular control, and the coefficient associated with the singular component is allowed to be regime dependent. We derive both necessary and sufficient singular stochastic maximum principles. Because the regular control domain is not assumed to be convex, we employ the spike variation technique and obtain the necessary maximum principle by introducing a second-order adjoint process. As an application, we use the main theoretical results to …


Review Of Effective Intercultural Evangelism: Good News In A Diverse World, Authored By Moon And Simon, Terri Champion Jun 2026

Review Of Effective Intercultural Evangelism: Good News In A Diverse World, Authored By Moon And Simon, Terri Champion

Witness

No abstract provided.


Review Of Evangelism: Learning From The Past, Authored By Green, Jeffrey Stevenson Jun 2026

Review Of Evangelism: Learning From The Past, Authored By Green, Jeffrey Stevenson

Witness

No abstract provided.


Managerial Mindset And Ai Adoption In Smes. A Systematic Review Of Cognitive, Behavioural, And Institutional Foundations, Shabin Muzibbhai Shaikh, Shivkanya Birla Jun 2026

Managerial Mindset And Ai Adoption In Smes. A Systematic Review Of Cognitive, Behavioural, And Institutional Foundations, Shabin Muzibbhai Shaikh, Shivkanya Birla

European Management Studies

Purpose: This study examines how managerial mindset shapes the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs). While existing research often highlights resource or capability constraints, this review shows that deeper cognitive, behavioral, and institutional foundations strongly influence how managers interpret AI and decide whether to engage with it.

Design, Methodology, and Approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using established protocols. Thirty influential studies across managerial cognition, behavioral strategy, institutional theory, and technology adoption were identified, screened, and synthesized. Their insights were integrated into a multilayered conceptual model explaining how mindset shapes AI adoption in …


European Management Studies 2026, Vol. 24, No. 2 Jun 2026

European Management Studies 2026, Vol. 24, No. 2

European Management Studies

European Management Studies 2026, vol. 24, no. 2


Dnp Final Report: Enhancing Radiation Oncology Training For Advanced Practice Providers, Katherine A. Bukolt Jun 2026

Dnp Final Report: Enhancing Radiation Oncology Training For Advanced Practice Providers, Katherine A. Bukolt

DNP Final Reports

Background: Rising cancer incidence and improved survivorship are straining the oncology workforce, increasing reliance on Advanced Practice Providers (APPs). However, there is a lack of standardized educational resources for APP radiation oncology training across practice settings. Most APPs receive variable, resource-dependent, and on-the-job training. Evidence shows that the lack of standardized training leads to gaps in foundational knowledge, reduced confidence in toxicity management, inconsistent role development, and variable satisfaction with training and transition into practice.

Purpose: This quality improvement project evaluated the feasibility of implementing an 18-module Advanced Practice Radiation Oncology (APRO) asynchronous online curriculum to standardize APP radiation oncology …


Empowering Digital Transformation In Human Resource Management: Overcoming Barriers And Treating Paradoxes In The Manufacturing Sector, Lukáš Danko, Lucie Hrbáčková, Jana Matošková, Aleš Gregar Jun 2026

Empowering Digital Transformation In Human Resource Management: Overcoming Barriers And Treating Paradoxes In The Manufacturing Sector, Lukáš Danko, Lucie Hrbáčková, Jana Matošková, Aleš Gregar

European Management Studies

Purpose: This paper investigates the multifaceted barriers to digitalization of the HRM and explores the paradoxes that arise between technological advancement and organizational culture.

Design/methodology/approach: Based on semi-structured interviews with HR directors from manufacturing firms, this qualitative inquiry employs thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and construct a typology of integration barriers. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) anchors narratives in real events, while thematic analysis enables abstraction across cases of digitalization of the HRM.

Findings: The findings reveal three critical areas related to (1) organizational resistance rooted in cultural inertia, (2) misalignment between digital strategy and HR processes, and (3) …


Integrating Climate Performance Into The Firm Strategy: The Concept Of Climate-Oriented Leadership, Pawel Chudzinski, Szymon Cyfert, Wojciech Dyduch, Jakub Kubiczek, Maciej Zastempowski Jun 2026

Integrating Climate Performance Into The Firm Strategy: The Concept Of Climate-Oriented Leadership, Pawel Chudzinski, Szymon Cyfert, Wojciech Dyduch, Jakub Kubiczek, Maciej Zastempowski

European Management Studies

Purpose: This study proposes the concept of climate-oriented leadership, focusing on how climate-related challenges shape firm strategy and how stakeholder pressures concerning climate performance influence organisational decision-making.

Approach: Using a focused conceptual review and theory-building approach, the article proposes a firm-level framework of climate-oriented leadership.

Findings: The study conceptualises climate-oriented leadership as a bounded, domain-specific firm-level construct that draws on responsible leadership, and strategic leadership. The framework explains how leaders may reconcile shareholder, stakeholder, and climate orientations in organisational strategy and governance.

Research limitations: The article is conceptual in nature and relies on a bounded review corpus rather than an …


Navigating Preparation: A Qualitative Exploration Of Special Education Teachers' Experiences Supporting Students With Disabilities In Transition To Post-School Life, Carrie Ann Friend Jun 2026

Navigating Preparation: A Qualitative Exploration Of Special Education Teachers' Experiences Supporting Students With Disabilities In Transition To Post-School Life, Carrie Ann Friend

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transition-focused instruction is a critical component of special education services intended to prepare students with disabilities for postsecondary education, employment, and independent living. Although federal legislation such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires transition planning beginning in secondary school, prior research indicates that many special education teachers feel inadequately prepared to implement transition-focused instruction effectively. Existing literature has largely examined transition outcomes for students and programmatic compliance, while less attention has been given to teachers’ lived experiences implementing transition services within school contexts. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry study was to explore how high school …


Chemotherapeutic Induction Of Cytosolic Single-Stranded Dna Accumulation Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer To Immunotherapy, Yong Du, Li Yang, Hui Dai, Jianli Zhou, Zhicheng Zhou, Ruoxi Yuan, Rui Ye, Anh Thai Quynh Nguyen, Kishor Bhatia, Shiaw-Yih Lin Jun 2026

Chemotherapeutic Induction Of Cytosolic Single-Stranded Dna Accumulation Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer To Immunotherapy, Yong Du, Li Yang, Hui Dai, Jianli Zhou, Zhicheng Zhou, Ruoxi Yuan, Rui Ye, Anh Thai Quynh Nguyen, Kishor Bhatia, Shiaw-Yih Lin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Despite the widespread adoption of chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the mechanisms by which cytotoxic chemotherapy engages antitumor immunity remain poorly defined. Identifying tumor-intrinsic immunogenic programs that predict and enhance responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is therefore of critical clinical importance.

Methods: Transcriptomic signatures of TREX1 deficiency were generated from CRISPR-engineered TNBC models and applied to multiple independent TNBC cohorts treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulation was quantified using a flow cytometry-based assay to functionally screen chemotherapeutic agents. Immune activation and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated using in vitro assays, syngeneic mouse tumor models, flow cytometry, …


Interview With Orca Award Winner Ross Thompson, Unl Psychology; Childhood Emotional Development, Mark Griep, Ross Thompson Jun 2026

Interview With Orca Award Winner Ross Thompson, Unl Psychology; Childhood Emotional Development, Mark Griep, Ross Thompson

UNL ORCA Interview Series

Ross Thompson was awarded the ORCA in 2000. He was born in 1954 in Madison, Wisconsin. He traveled nearly 2000 miles west to earn a bachelor’s in psychology magna cum laude from Occidental College in Los Angeles. Then, he traveled east over 2200 miles to earn a master’s and doctorate in psychology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In 1981, he joined the University of Nebraska-Lincoln as an assistant professor of psychology and rose quickly through the ranks while studying childhood emotional development. In 2003, three years after earning the ORCA, Ross left UNL to join the psychology …


Environmental Tolerances And Habitat Association Of Three Endemic Crayfish Species In Texas, Andrew Walker Jun 2026

Environmental Tolerances And Habitat Association Of Three Endemic Crayfish Species In Texas, Andrew Walker

Biology Theses

Little is known about many of the 52 crayfish species in Texas. This thesis investigates physiological tolerances of three species endemic to the Jackson Vale ecoregion of Southeast Texas, the Bastrop crayfish (Procambarus texanus), Nueces crayfish (Procambarus nueces), and the Fayette’s crayfish (Procambarus fayettei) as well as the White River crayfish (Procambarus acutus), which is ubiquitous throughout East Texas. Thermal, hypoxia, and acidity tolerances were tested on wild caught individuals through laboratory assays. Findings from this study will inform wildlife managers of future conservation strategies relating to these endemic species.


The Nist Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Adoption Challenges And Opportunities, Gillian Kennedy, Devin Patel, Humza Sheikh, Paul Wagner, Robert J. Honomichl Jun 2026

The Nist Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Adoption Challenges And Opportunities, Gillian Kennedy, Devin Patel, Humza Sheikh, Paul Wagner, Robert J. Honomichl

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being adopted at an exponential rate to improve efficiency, decision-making, and cybersecurity, but its rapid integration introduces new and often poorly understood risks, including system errors, algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, security vulnerabilities, and ethical dilemmas. This paper examines how organizations are implementing AI and evaluates the National Institute of Standards and Technology's AI Risk Management Framework (NIST AI RMF) as a tool for managing these risks. It reviews the benefits of AI adoption alongside the risks emerging from its use in business and broader society and examines the legal and ethical challenges organizations face when …


Students' Perspectives Of The Relationship Between Academic Adaptation And Teaching Skills Of Football Instructors, Ali Muhsin Deiri, Ali Hameed Jubail Jun 2026

Students' Perspectives Of The Relationship Between Academic Adaptation And Teaching Skills Of Football Instructors, Ali Muhsin Deiri, Ali Hameed Jubail

Modern Sport

The present study aims to identify the relationship between academic adaptation and teaching skills of football instructors from the students' perspective. The research problem lies in the observed variance in students' academic adaptation levels and the corresponding differences in their perception of the teaching skills of football instructors, which may affect the quality of the educational process. The two researchers employed a descriptive correlational approach. The research population consists of (175) fourth-grade students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University, for the academic year (2025–2026). A random sample of (150) students was selected, while (20) students …


The Effect Of Strength Training On The Development Of Selected Core Muscles And Arm Strength In Young Boxers Aged 17–18 Years, Abbas Tawfeeq Mansoor Jun 2026

The Effect Of Strength Training On The Development Of Selected Core Muscles And Arm Strength In Young Boxers Aged 17–18 Years, Abbas Tawfeeq Mansoor

Modern Sport

This study aimed to investigate the effect of strength training on the development of selected core muscles and arm strength in young boxers. Boxers utilize maximum and fastest arm punches and core movements to achieve optimal performance against their opponents in bouts. Despite the importance of these elements, variations in specific strength levels are observed among young boxers aged 17–18 years. The problem lies in the fact that traditional training may not adequately or specifically focus on the "selected core muscles" that support dynamic balance during a fight, or on the link between core strength development and increased arm strength …


Promoting The Hpv Vaccine Across The League Of Arab States: A Scoping Review Of Interventions, Basil H. Aboul-Enein, Patricia J. Kelly, Fatmah Almoayad, Teresa Keller Jun 2026

Promoting The Hpv Vaccine Across The League Of Arab States: A Scoping Review Of Interventions, Basil H. Aboul-Enein, Patricia J. Kelly, Fatmah Almoayad, Teresa Keller

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

INTRODUCTION: This scoping review examined existing interventions designed to promote and educate about HPV vaccination in the league of Arab states (LAS).

METHODS: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines and using a PICOS-informed approach, a comprehensive search was conducted across 16 databases to identify peer-reviewed intervention studies published between 2010 and August 2025.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions originated from Egypt and Saudi Arabia and were delivered in academic or clinical settings using short, didactic, one-group pre-post designs. Only a few studies incorporated behavioral theories, digital modalities, or multi-component strategies. Nearly all studies reported short-term improvements in HPV-related knowledge …


Building An Academic Tenacity Scale For Students In Some Faculties Of Physical Education And Sports Science, Khaldoun Hamad Ali Hussein, Saad Abbas Abd Jun 2026

Building An Academic Tenacity Scale For Students In Some Faculties Of Physical Education And Sports Science, Khaldoun Hamad Ali Hussein, Saad Abbas Abd

Modern Sport

This study aimed to develop an academic tenacity scale for students in Faculties of Physical Education and Sport Sciences and to identify their level of academic tenacity. Given the theoretical and practical nature of study in these faculties, which may influence students' academic engagement, and the lack of standardized tools to measure this construct in the field, the need emerged to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument and to answer the main research question: Is it possible to develop a scientific tool to measure academic tenacity among students in some Faculties of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. The researchers …


The Effect Of Deep Aquatic Training Supported By Nutritional Guidance On Vital Capacity, Hba1c, And Physical Efficiency In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Aged 40–45, Suadad Ibrahim Suhail Jun 2026

The Effect Of Deep Aquatic Training Supported By Nutritional Guidance On Vital Capacity, Hba1c, And Physical Efficiency In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Aged 40–45, Suadad Ibrahim Suhail

Modern Sport

The research problem lies in the high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the weakness of some functional and physical indicators in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Some of these individuals also experience difficulty continuing traditional exercise, necessitating the search for safe and effective training methods that contribute to improving their health. The research aimed to develop a deep-water training program supported by nutritional guidelines and to identify its effect on improving vital capacity (FVC), reducing HbA1c levels, and developing physical efficiency in men with type 2 diabetes aged 40–45 years. The researcher used a pre-experimental with a single group …


The Effect Of The Evolutionary Competition Strategy, According To Learning Styles, On Creative Thinking And Technical Performance In The Long Jump Among University Students, Mayada Hassan Hamza Hassan Jun 2026

The Effect Of The Evolutionary Competition Strategy, According To Learning Styles, On Creative Thinking And Technical Performance In The Long Jump Among University Students, Mayada Hassan Hamza Hassan

Modern Sport

The importance of the study lies in measuring the impact of the evolutionary competition strategy on developing creative thinking and improving the technical performance of the long jump event among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research problem is represented in the difficulties that students face in learning motor skills, especially skills that require linking the stages of technical performance, in addition to the weak superficial understanding of information and the inability to employ it effectively in practical performance, The research aimed to measure the effect of the evolutionary competition strategy according to learning styles …


The Effect Of Driver Model To Teach Some Movements On The Pommel Horse Apparatus In The Art Of Gymnastics For Students, Thaer Talib Salman Khudair Jun 2026

The Effect Of Driver Model To Teach Some Movements On The Pommel Horse Apparatus In The Art Of Gymnastics For Students, Thaer Talib Salman Khudair

Modern Sport

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Driver Model on learning selected pommel horse skills in artistic gymnastics among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basrah. The importance of the study lies in applying a constructivist instructional model that organizes learning steps, enhances motor understanding, and increases student engagement, which contributes to improving skill performance. The research problem was identified in students' difficulties in mastering pommel horse skills, frequent performance errors, and the inability to connect movement phases effectively due to reliance on traditional teaching methods.An experimental design with two …


Modeling Mathematics Identity In Engineering Pathways: Centrality, Typicality, And Persistence In Stem, Douglas D. Havard, Linh Ho, Adriana Quirós-Arauz Jun 2026

Modeling Mathematics Identity In Engineering Pathways: Centrality, Typicality, And Persistence In Stem, Douglas D. Havard, Linh Ho, Adriana Quirós-Arauz

Education Faculty Articles and Research

Inequities in mathematics-intensive engineering pathways persist in part because "being mathematical" is socially recognized as much as it is personally meaningful. Guided by the Social Theory of Numeracy, this study validates a two-factor model of mathematics identity, distinguishing between identity centrality (the integration of mathematics into one's self-concept) and peer-normative typicality (the perceived alignment with academic peer pathways that signal legitimacy and belonging). Engineering degree selection was examined as a focal mathematics-intensive outcome. Using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), we estimated survey-weighted confirmatory and structural models with Balanced Repeated Replication (200 BRR replicates; Fay = 0.5) on …


Cervical Insufficiency Revisited: A Proposal For A New Treatment-Aligned Definition, Vincenzo Berghella, Ilaria Paladino, Moti Gulersen, Rupsa Boelig, Amanda Roman Jun 2026

Cervical Insufficiency Revisited: A Proposal For A New Treatment-Aligned Definition, Vincenzo Berghella, Ilaria Paladino, Moti Gulersen, Rupsa Boelig, Amanda Roman

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Cervical insufficiency [CI] has traditionally been defined as painless cervical dilation resulting in recurrent second-trimester pregnancy loss in the absence of labor or placental pathology. Definitions from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists emphasize historical clinical presentation. However, contemporary obstetrics relies increasingly on ultrasound-based cervical length surveillance and evidence-based cerclage indications rather than retrospective diagnosis. The objective of the review was to propose a definition of cervical insufficiency aligned with current evidence-based indications for mechanical prevention of preterm birth, i.e. cervical cerclage. In modern obstetric practice, the operational diagnosis of clinically …


Ndls Communicator: Week Of 06.29.26, Notre Dame Law School Jun 2026

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 06.29.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

  • Olivia Rogers ’23 J.D. to clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett
  • Notre Dame Law School Announces Faculty Promotions for Susan Azyndar and Msgr. John Paul Kimes
  • ND Law’s Program on Church, State & Society Announces 2026 Writing Competition Winners
  • Notre Dame Law School is Cultivating Hope

Faculty Briefs

  • Paolo Carozza
  • Francisco Urbina
  • Mary Ellen O'Connell
  • Jeff Pojanowski
  • Haley Proctor
  • Derek Muller
  • Rick Garnett
  • Ashley Sanchez
  • Susan Azyndar & Yan Yu
  • Carter Snead
  • Emily Bremmer
  • Emilia Powell
  • Howard Glickstein

ND Law in the News

  • Notre Dame Law School was mentioned in coverage of Indiana’s eviction …


Application Of Toast Criteria, Comorbidities And Outcomes In Patients With Ischemic Stroke: Multicenter Collaboration In The Dominican Republic, Ryna Then, Maria Muñoz, Cristina Ramos, Marcos Mota, Priscilla Sepulveda, Lisa José, Luis Suazo, Francisco Mendez, Yahaira Franco, Cosme González Villamán, Acela Gonell, Violiza Inoa, Gillian Gordon Perue, Manuel Colomé-Hidalgo, Nadja García Jun 2026

Application Of Toast Criteria, Comorbidities And Outcomes In Patients With Ischemic Stroke: Multicenter Collaboration In The Dominican Republic, Ryna Then, Maria Muñoz, Cristina Ramos, Marcos Mota, Priscilla Sepulveda, Lisa José, Luis Suazo, Francisco Mendez, Yahaira Franco, Cosme González Villamán, Acela Gonell, Violiza Inoa, Gillian Gordon Perue, Manuel Colomé-Hidalgo, Nadja García

Einstein Health Papers

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a leading cause of neurological-related death in the Caribbean. The Dominican Republic has among the highest stroke-related mortality rates in the Americas. We aimed to determine ischemic stroke etiologies, characterize comorbidities, and describe outcomes in the Dominican Republic using the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification.

METHODS: We analyzed a multicenter quality registry between January 2022 and October 2024. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction, chi-square tests, and Spearman correlation.

RESULTS: The most common stroke subtype was undetermined etiology (54.8%), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (17.2%) and cardioembolism …


[Early Bird] The Texas Common Ownership Litigation: Sustainability, Competition, And The Boundaries Of Asset Manager Capitalism, Federico Ghezzi Jun 2026

[Early Bird] The Texas Common Ownership Litigation: Sustainability, Competition, And The Boundaries Of Asset Manager Capitalism, Federico Ghezzi

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This article analyzes the recent attempt by the Texas Attorney General to invoke the common ownership doctrine as a new antitrust weapon against large institutional investors allegedly engaged in coordinated ESG strategies. The case represents a peculiar reversal of the traditional logic of the theory: rather than being used to constrain horizontal shareholdings that may reduce competition, common ownership is deployed here to challenge collective action aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. The paper situates this development within the broader debate on the anticompetitive effects of horizontal ownership, briefly examining the economic assumptions underlying the theory, the limits of its empirical …


Effective Strategies For Improving Communication In Organizations That Hr Leaders Use To Increase Employee Productivity, Susan Dean Jun 2026

Effective Strategies For Improving Communication In Organizations That Hr Leaders Use To Increase Employee Productivity, Susan Dean

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


Physical Activity Mediation In Perceived Emotional Support And Type 2 Diabetes Among African American Older Adults, Don Scott Mendes Jun 2026

Physical Activity Mediation In Perceived Emotional Support And Type 2 Diabetes Among African American Older Adults, Don Scott Mendes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


Exploring Critical Limitations And The Sustainability Of Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprises, Uluocha Diamond Okojie Jun 2026

Exploring Critical Limitations And The Sustainability Of Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprises, Uluocha Diamond Okojie

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


Medical Social Workers’ Knowledge Of Alzheimer’S Disease Screening And Treatment In Primary Care Settings, Amy Davis Cook Jun 2026

Medical Social Workers’ Knowledge Of Alzheimer’S Disease Screening And Treatment In Primary Care Settings, Amy Davis Cook

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


Kelelahan Kerja, Kualitas Tidur, Dan Pengetahuan Mengemudi Defensif Sebagai Faktor Risiko Perilaku Defensive Driving Pada Pengemudi Grabcar Malang, Elisa Lutfiyah Azizah, Dian Puspitaningtyas Laksana, Marji Marji, Agung Kurniawan Jun 2026

Kelelahan Kerja, Kualitas Tidur, Dan Pengetahuan Mengemudi Defensif Sebagai Faktor Risiko Perilaku Defensive Driving Pada Pengemudi Grabcar Malang, Elisa Lutfiyah Azizah, Dian Puspitaningtyas Laksana, Marji Marji, Agung Kurniawan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Online transportation activities contribute to the increasing volume of vehicles, particularly GrabCar drivers in Malang City, which has the potential to worsen traffic congestion. Identification results showed that GrabCar drivers experienced drowsiness while driving and work fatigue due to the habit of working at night and for more than eight hours per day, accompanied by limited understanding related to defensive driving. This study aimed to determine the effect of work fatigue and knowledge, as well as differences in sleep quality scores, on defensive driving behavior. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 87 GrabCar drivers …