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A Review Of The Dry Methods Available For Coal Beneficiation, Nikki Hughes, Marco Le Roux, Quentin Peter Campbell, Fardis Nakhaei Sep 2024

A Review Of The Dry Methods Available For Coal Beneficiation, Nikki Hughes, Marco Le Roux, Quentin Peter Campbell, Fardis Nakhaei

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Water is a precious global resource that is important in most currently employed coal beneficiation practices. These widely accepted processes deliver consistent and precise separation efficiencies at desired product yields and throughputs. Although favored, the water usage related to wet processing may be impractical and unsustainable in certain regions. Consequently, present-day practices used in coal processing may soon have to adapt, irrespective of any improved technical and economic feasibility offered. Therefore, the development of efficacious dry beneficiation methods has become an appealing research topic. This review assembles information pertaining to the principle and success of commercially available and experimental phase …


Current Challenges In South Africa’S In Higher Education Sector: A Literature Review, Victor H. Mlambo, Siphesihle Mpanza Sep 2024

Current Challenges In South Africa’S In Higher Education Sector: A Literature Review, Victor H. Mlambo, Siphesihle Mpanza

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This paper examines the current problems in South Africa's higher education sector. It argues that even though there has been a considerable increase in the number of enrollments in South Africa's higher education institutions since 1994, this increase has led to considerable problems, which, unless addressed, will threaten the quality of South Africa's higher education output. The paper employs the human capital theory to explain why higher education is essential and why South Africa has put it at the centre of its need for inclusive development. A narrative literature review examined the current challenges in South Africa's higher education sector. …


An Application Of The Sustainable Transformational Leadership Dimensions On Teacher’S Performance: A Social Network Analysis, Aymen Al Qaradaghi, Razan Kerkukli, Riazuddin Ahmed Sep 2024

An Application Of The Sustainable Transformational Leadership Dimensions On Teacher’S Performance: A Social Network Analysis, Aymen Al Qaradaghi, Razan Kerkukli, Riazuddin Ahmed

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Teacher’s performance is one of the arguable issues in the organization. Sustainable Transformational leadership and its dimensions play a big role to change the nature of teacher’s performance in the organization. In this study, sustainable transformational leadership dimensions were discussed and examined through social network analysis SNA as a tool to analyze and understand results. Data collection were conducted and 30 respondents participated in the questionnaire. Organizations are educational sectors and they are 3 organizations and mentioned as symbols in the study. This study, shows that both sustainable occupational training SOT and sustainable social training SST as dimensions of sustainable …


Proposed Educational Objectives According To Delphi Style To Achieve Self-Censorship Among University Students, Mustafa Ali Adnan Alzaidi Sep 2024

Proposed Educational Objectives According To Delphi Style To Achieve Self-Censorship Among University Students, Mustafa Ali Adnan Alzaidi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research aims to reach proposed educational objectives for achieving self-monitoring among university students. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach in addition to using the Delphi method for future studies. The researcher prepared a questionnaire containing educational objectives related to achieving self-monitoring among university students, which was obtained. It was obtained through a reconnaissance questionnaire and previous studies, as well as the literature that dealt with the subject of the research. This questionnaire was presented in three rounds to the (20) experts who hold the rank of professor to demonstrate the suitability of these proposed …


Longitudinal Intravascular Antibody Labeling Identified Regulatory T Cell Recruitment As A Therapeutic Target In A Mouse Model Of Lung Cancer, Sean-Luc Shanahan, Nikesh Kunder, Charles Inaku, Natalie B Hagan, Grace Gibbons, Nicolas Mathey-Andrews, Gayathri Anandappa, Shawn Soares, Kristen E Pauken, Tyler Jacks, Jason M Schenkel Sep 2024

Longitudinal Intravascular Antibody Labeling Identified Regulatory T Cell Recruitment As A Therapeutic Target In A Mouse Model Of Lung Cancer, Sean-Luc Shanahan, Nikesh Kunder, Charles Inaku, Natalie B Hagan, Grace Gibbons, Nicolas Mathey-Andrews, Gayathri Anandappa, Shawn Soares, Kristen E Pauken, Tyler Jacks, Jason M Schenkel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Anticancer immunity is predicated on leukocyte migration into tumors. Once recruited, leukocytes undergo substantial reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment. A major challenge in the field is distinguishing recently recruited from resident leukocytes in tumors. In this study, we developed an intravascular Ab technique to label circulating mouse leukocytes before they migrate to tissues, providing unprecedented insight into the kinetics of recruitment. This approach unveiled the substantial role of leukocyte migration in tumor progression using a preclinical mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), critical mediators of immunosuppression, were continuously and rapidly recruited into tumors throughout cancer …


Brown V. Board Of Education: Enduring Caste And American Betrayal, Sheryll Cashin Sep 2024

Brown V. Board Of Education: Enduring Caste And American Betrayal, Sheryll Cashin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article reflects on the role of residential caste in reproducing school segregation and how the Supreme Court betrays the equality principles of Brown by applying a colorblind constitutionalism that renders so-called de facto residential caste, and subsequent school segregation, acceptable.

During the seven-decade Great Migration of the 20th century, northern cities deployed policies to create an architecture of inequality in which African Americans and white Americans did not live in the same neighborhoods. While the Fair Housing Act of 1968 rendered intentional discrimination in housing markets illegal, and the Court also ruled against forms of intentional housing discrimination, …


Innovative Use Of Google-Blogs To Overcome Socioeconomic And Technological Barriers In Pakistan: Link-List Gadgets As Digital Libraries., Zameer Hussain Baladi, Syed Razi Muhammad Sep 2024

Innovative Use Of Google-Blogs To Overcome Socioeconomic And Technological Barriers In Pakistan: Link-List Gadgets As Digital Libraries., Zameer Hussain Baladi, Syed Razi Muhammad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Introduction: Access to educational and a research material has always been a challenge in a socio-economically challenged country like Pakistan, due to lack of financial resources, unavailability of electricity, and slow internet speeds. The use of Google blogs has promoted a new and innovative way, through which users can easily access knowledge content. This research sheds light on the creation and usefulness of digital libraries through the use of Google blogs and their link list gadgets.

Methods: Google is an international technology corporation that provides dozens of services, including Blogger. Blogger provides 25 modules or gadgets that offer …


القومي والديني والوطني: سجال المغالبة والمشاركة في النقابات المهنية الأردنية بين عامي 1989-2014, Abed Al-Hameed Ali Olimat, Mohammad Hamad Mostafa Alqatatsheh Sep 2024

القومي والديني والوطني: سجال المغالبة والمشاركة في النقابات المهنية الأردنية بين عامي 1989-2014, Abed Al-Hameed Ali Olimat, Mohammad Hamad Mostafa Alqatatsheh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل فاعلية توظيف القيادات في النقابات الأيديولوجيا القومية والدينية والوطنية في إطار تنافسها السياسي في إطار العمل النقابي أم لتعزيز المشاركة للأعضاء في العمل النقابي، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج المؤسسي، وتبين من خلال الدراسة أن النقابات المهنية الأردنية تؤدي دوراً بارز الأهمية سواء كان ذلك في الجانب السياسي أو الاقتصادي أو الاجتماعي وعلى صعيد الجانب المهني، وعملت هذه النقابات المهنية في التركيز على تنظيم المهن ورفع كفاءتها، وعملت على المحافظة على حقوق ومصالح منتسبيها، وإن الصراع على قيادة النقابات ينحصر في الغالب بين قائمتين، الأولى باتت تعرف باسم القائمة البيضاء وهي قائمة التيار الإسلامي وأنصارهم، …


القيادة الخادمة وعلاقتها بالتماسك الجماعي لدى لاعبي الفرق الرياضية في جامعة اليرموك, Shafe' Suleiman Telfah, Oday Ahmed Al-Batayneh Sep 2024

القيادة الخادمة وعلاقتها بالتماسك الجماعي لدى لاعبي الفرق الرياضية في جامعة اليرموك, Shafe' Suleiman Telfah, Oday Ahmed Al-Batayneh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى ممارسة مدربي الفرق الرياضية الجماعية في جامعة اليرموك لأساليب القيادة الخادمة وعلاقتها بمستوى التماسك الجماعي من وجهة نظر اللاعبين تبعاً لمتغيرات (الجنس، واللعبة). استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (118) لاعباً ولاعبةً يمثلون رياضات (كرة القدم، وكرة اليد، والكرة الطائرة)، تم جمع البيانات باستخدام الاستبيان لقياس مستوى ممارسة المدربين لأساليب القيادة الخادمة، اشتمل على (43) فقرة موزعة على ستة مجالات هي: (الثقة، والتواضع، والخدمة، وتمكين وتطوير اللاعبين، والتفاني، والتوجيه)، ومقياس التماسك الجماعي المعد من قبل (Carron et al, 2002; 1998)، اشتمل على (19) فقرة موزعة على أربعة مجالات هي: (تكامل المجموعة لأداء المهمة، …


الحكومة الإلكترونية وأثرها على علاقة المواطن بالدولة (المملكة العربية السعودية- دراسة ميدانية), Loay Mohammed Nather Dieri, Faisal Oudeh Alrfoua Sep 2024

الحكومة الإلكترونية وأثرها على علاقة المواطن بالدولة (المملكة العربية السعودية- دراسة ميدانية), Loay Mohammed Nather Dieri, Faisal Oudeh Alrfoua

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدفت الدراسة لبيان أثر تطبيقات الحكومة الإلكترونية على العلاقة بين المواطن والدولة من وجهة نظر المبحوثين في مدينة الرياض في المملكة العربية السعودية، وقياس أثر الرضا المواطنين عن تطبيقات الحكومة الإلكترونية وانعكاسه على العلاقة بين المواطن بالدولة من وجهة نظر المبحوثين في مدينة الرياض في المملكة العربية السعودية، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج المسمى بالوصفي التحليلي الارتباطي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من مراجعي الوزارات في مدينة الرياض في المملكة العربية السعودية، الذين راجعوا الوزارات في فترة إعداد الدراسة، واعتمدت على أسلوب العينة العشوائية النسبية الطبقية لغايات تمثيل مجتمع الدراسة، وبلغ حجم عينة الدراسة (460) مواطناً، بحسب جدول العينات، وبينت الدراسة أن هناك …


درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس للقيادة الرقمية وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمين, Zaineb Saleh Al Zareer Sep 2024

درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس للقيادة الرقمية وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمين, Zaineb Saleh Al Zareer

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال للكشف عن درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس للقيادة الرقمية وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمين، وتكوَّنت عينة الدراسة من (230) معلماً ومعلمة من مديرية تربية وتعليم بني عبيد - إربد، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، واستخدمت الدراسة استبانة القيادة الرقيمة، واستبانة الرضا الوظيفي، وتوصَّلت الدراسة إلى أن نسبة القيادة الرقمية لدى مديري المدارس من وجهة نظر المعلمين التي بلغت (71.7%) وهو مستوى "مرتفع"، وأن نسبة الرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمين التي بلغت (69.3%) وهو مستوى "مرتفع"، وتوجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية (0.491) في القيادة الرقمية واستبانة الرضا الوظيفي، وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط القيادة الرقمية لدى مديري المدارس من …


Reimagining Office Hours, Sarah Tulane, Carla Endres, Jesse Jones, Melissa Scheaffer Sep 2024

Reimagining Office Hours, Sarah Tulane, Carla Endres, Jesse Jones, Melissa Scheaffer

Empowering Teaching Excellence Conference

Office hours are a valuable opportunity for instructors to connect with students, fostering a sense of community, building a relationship-rich educational experience, and providing support for student success. Yet, many instructors struggle with low attendance and limited student engagement with office hours. This workshop draws from insights found in Relationship-Rich Education by Felten and Lambert to explore innovative strategies for improving office hour interactions.Participants will be introduced to a range of effective practices used by instructors across various disciplines to encourage student participation and build stronger relationships outside the classroom. Presenters will review deliberate choices regarding office hour locations, such …


Risks, Mistakes, And Resilience: Cultivating Student Persistence Through Class Culture, Vance Reeder Sep 2024

Risks, Mistakes, And Resilience: Cultivating Student Persistence Through Class Culture, Vance Reeder

Empowering Teaching Excellence Conference

In this workshop we will discuss how to help students develop resilience and cultivate persistence. This workshop will focus on creating a class culture where students are able to take risks, embrace the mistakes that come from taking risks, and seek feedback as they prepare to take future risks. In this workshop, participants will have an opportunity to participate in a hands on learning exercise that will assist them in preparing to cultivate a growth mindset within their students.


The Courage To Teach: How To Keep Showing Up In Ways That Matter, Marlene Graf, Christian Bolander, Rose Judd-Murray, Alyssa Reidhead, Lance Stott Sep 2024

The Courage To Teach: How To Keep Showing Up In Ways That Matter, Marlene Graf, Christian Bolander, Rose Judd-Murray, Alyssa Reidhead, Lance Stott

Empowering Teaching Excellence Conference

This workshop will ask you to think about ways that you can incorporate study strategies so that students can become more active and successful. Join us as we embark on the path toward enriched learning experiences and sustained academic success.


"Dare To Know": Teaching And Mentoring In The University Honors Program, Kristine Miller, Chris Babits, Sara M. Freeman, Julia M. Gossard, Elizabeth Vargis Sep 2024

"Dare To Know": Teaching And Mentoring In The University Honors Program, Kristine Miller, Chris Babits, Sara M. Freeman, Julia M. Gossard, Elizabeth Vargis

Empowering Teaching Excellence Conference

This panel discussion will introduce faculty to specific ways to get involved with teaching and mentoring students in the University Honors Program. Honors is not about GPA or test scores; it is a program dedicated to supporting students with a growth mindset who want to make the most of their time in college. The program offers faculty many different ways to engage with students: you can lead an Honors Book Lab discussion for an hour a week over a month, mentor students as they complete short- or longer-term research, creative, or professional-development projects, teach a course, and more. This panel …


Alpina: A Semiannual Review Of Mountaineering In The Greater Ranges Sep 2024

Alpina: A Semiannual Review Of Mountaineering In The Greater Ranges

Appalachia

Among the many updates on mountaineering in the greater ranges in summer and fall 2023: Samson Zebturiah Barner is arrested near Smith Rock in central Oregon for taking several weapons to a climbing event. Three climbers open a new route on Pik Alpinist in Kyrgyzstan. A brief review of the New York Times article on the discovery of Janet Johnson’s camera on Aconcagua 50 years after she and John Cooper died there. On Everest, 3,600 climbers attempted the peak in 2023; eighteen died, 100 years after the biggest Everest mystery of all: the disappearance of Mallory and Irvine. Three Americans …


Chocorua—Tomorrua: Three Generations Of Women On Mount Chocorua, 1903–1974, Jane English Sep 2024

Chocorua—Tomorrua: Three Generations Of Women On Mount Chocorua, 1903–1974, Jane English

Appalachia

The author tracks three generations of strong women in her family climbing Mount Chocorua in New Hampshire’s White Mountains.


An Ocean Walk In The Ocean State: A Couple Covers The Full Width Of Rhode Island, Stephen S. Hale Sep 2024

An Ocean Walk In The Ocean State: A Couple Covers The Full Width Of Rhode Island, Stephen S. Hale

Appalachia

A couple walked most of the Rhode Island coast over 29 day trips, including a road race on the Jamestown Bridge.


More Than Meets The Eye: Step By Step, Exploring Connecticut's Great Mountain Forest, David K. Leff Sep 2024

More Than Meets The Eye: Step By Step, Exploring Connecticut's Great Mountain Forest, David K. Leff

Appalachia

The 6,300-acre Great Mountain Forest in northwestern Connecticut, once an industrial landscape of charcoal making for iron ore smelting, today is one of the most wild and remote tracts in southern New England.


Appalachia Summer/Fall 2024: Complete Issue Sep 2024

Appalachia Summer/Fall 2024: Complete Issue

Appalachia

Summer/Fall 2024 - Volume LXXV, Number 2 - Issue #258. Dark Places: Exploring pitch black skies, a forest, and a storm.


A High Step-Up Parallel Boost/Quasi-Z-Source Pwm Dc-Dc Converter For Photovoltaic Applications, Mahdi Rezvanyvardom Sep 2024

A High Step-Up Parallel Boost/Quasi-Z-Source Pwm Dc-Dc Converter For Photovoltaic Applications, Mahdi Rezvanyvardom

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

In this article, a novel DC-DC converter is proposed, which is derived from the parallel combination of a conventional boost converter and a Quasi-Z-Source converter. This converter benefits from the features of both mentioned converters. Compared to similar structures, the proposed converter has a suitable gain. This is due to the parallel combination of two voltage-boosting structures, namely boost and Quasi-Z-Source. The simple and linear circuit operation of the converter is another advantage. On the other hand, the control circuit of the converter is also simple and can be designed as PWM. Due to the Quasi-interleaved structure at the input …


Text-To-Model Transformation: Natural Language-Based Model Generation Framework, Aditya Akundi, Joshua Ontiveros, Sergio Luna Sep 2024

Text-To-Model Transformation: Natural Language-Based Model Generation Framework, Aditya Akundi, Joshua Ontiveros, Sergio Luna

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

System modeling language (SysML) diagrams generated manually by system modelers can sometimes be prone to errors, which are time-consuming and introduce subjectivity. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques and tools to create SysML diagrams can aid in improving software and systems design processes. Though NLP effectively extracts and analyzes raw text data, such as text-based requirement documents, to assist in design specification, natural language, inherent complexity, and variability pose challenges in accurately interpreting the data. In this paper, we explore the integration of NLP with SysML to automate the generation of system models from input textual requirements. We propose a model …


Cross-Core Data Sharing For Energy-Efficient Gpus, Hajar Falahati, Mohammad Sadrosadati, Qiumin Xu, Juan Gómez-Luna, Banafsheh Saber Latibari, Hyeran Jeon, Shaahin Hesaabi, Hamid Sarbazi-Azad, Onur Mutlu, Murali Annavaram, Masoud Pedram Sep 2024

Cross-Core Data Sharing For Energy-Efficient Gpus, Hajar Falahati, Mohammad Sadrosadati, Qiumin Xu, Juan Gómez-Luna, Banafsheh Saber Latibari, Hyeran Jeon, Shaahin Hesaabi, Hamid Sarbazi-Azad, Onur Mutlu, Murali Annavaram, Masoud Pedram

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are the accelerator of choice in a variety of application domains, because they can accelerate massively parallel workloads and can be easily programmed using general-purpose programming frameworks such as CUDA and OpenCL. Each Streaming Multiprocessor (SM) contains an L1 data cache (L1D) to exploit the locality in data accesses. L1D misses are costly for GPUs for two reasons. First, L1D misses consume a lot of energy as they need to access the L2 cache (L2) via an on-chip network and the off-chip DRAM in case of L2 misses. Second, L1D misses impose performance overhead if the …


Behind The Curtain: Recommendations For Neurodiversity Research, Andree Koehler Sep 2024

Behind The Curtain: Recommendations For Neurodiversity Research, Andree Koehler

The Qualitative Report

Researchers have explored neurodiversity in terms of gender, gender identity and expression, masking, and more, yet the focus is often on neurodiversity as synonymous with autism. There remains a challenge to expand the body of neurodiversity research that is broader than autism. In my article, neurodiversity will be discussed as an element of the broad human condition, rather than a singular state or condition of impairment isolated to a portion of the population to delineate the paradigm based on neurological variations from medical and social models. This paper was designed to offer a “how to” for conducting research into neurodiversity …


Method Of Selecting The Optimal Variant Of Mine Closure With The Possibility Of Capturing Methane From Underground Excavations, Marian Turek, Małgorzata Magdziarczyk Sep 2024

Method Of Selecting The Optimal Variant Of Mine Closure With The Possibility Of Capturing Methane From Underground Excavations, Marian Turek, Małgorzata Magdziarczyk

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The article presents a method of selecting the optimal option for the closure of a coal mine, from which it is planned to capture the methane remaining in the goaf and deposit it for many years for its economic use. Using the example of several options for the closure of one of the mines, for which the evaluation criteria have been defined, and the weights of their relevance have been determined, it is described how to create a special algorithm for the selection of the optimal option.


Interview With Natasha Trethewey, Remica L. Bingham Sep 2024

Interview With Natasha Trethewey, Remica L. Bingham

PoemMemoirStory (literary magazine)

pp. 1-20


Pms 8 (Complete Issue), Poemmemoirstory Staff Sep 2024

Pms 8 (Complete Issue), Poemmemoirstory Staff

PoemMemoirStory (literary magazine)

No abstract provided.


Plant-Microorganism Interactions Within The Rhizosphere For Heavy Metal Soil Remediation, Dorina Podar, Cristina Lorena Văcar, Emanuela Dana Tiodar, Mihaela Gălean, Mihai Cosmin Grimm, Zoltan Robert Balazs, Anastasia Maria Abrudan, Csaba Tiodar Sep 2024

Plant-Microorganism Interactions Within The Rhizosphere For Heavy Metal Soil Remediation, Dorina Podar, Cristina Lorena Văcar, Emanuela Dana Tiodar, Mihaela Gălean, Mihai Cosmin Grimm, Zoltan Robert Balazs, Anastasia Maria Abrudan, Csaba Tiodar

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.


Towards An Ethical Framework For Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education Teaching And Learning: A Conceptual Paper, Mariam Jacobs-Basadien, Shaun Pather Sep 2024

Towards An Ethical Framework For Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education Teaching And Learning: A Conceptual Paper, Mariam Jacobs-Basadien, Shaun Pather

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has significant potential in terms of improving the learning and teaching experience. Despite the benefits that AI applications provide, Generative AI (GAI) has catalyzed global attention and fostered concern in the educational domain, especially in relation to ethical issues. The literature on the topic to date points to a need to better understand the parameters of responsible use of GAI in higher education. This is important, since universities are grappling with how this new technology could be appropriately integrated into the practice of teaching and learning as opposed to an initial reaction of concern. Although …


Trends From 20 Years Of Artificial Intelligence In Financial Services In Africa, Nthabiseng Moela, Lerato Matlala, Jackie Ma, Dipuo Maphutha, Hossana Twinomurinzi Sep 2024

Trends From 20 Years Of Artificial Intelligence In Financial Services In Africa, Nthabiseng Moela, Lerato Matlala, Jackie Ma, Dipuo Maphutha, Hossana Twinomurinzi

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

The need for financial inclusion in Africa, particularly for marginalised groups like women and small businesses, highlights the importance of leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study provides a bibliometric analysis of AI's integration into African financial services from 2003 to 2023. The key results show a significant increase in AI use, particularly in fraud detection, credit risk prediction, and stock market volatility forecasting, with 49% of the research coming from South Africa, Nigeria, and Tunisia. However, areas like financial development management, inflation control, and gender disparities in loan access remain underexplored. The emphasis has been on the technical implementation of …