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Articles 40741 - 40770 of 1105838
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
An Investigation Of Ichthyophonus Infection Related In-River Mortality In Yukon River Chinook Salmon From Multiple Knowledge Systems: Indigenous, Local, And Western Science, Keith D. Herron
Fisheries
The recent historic low salmon returns in the Yukon River contribute to an ongoing humanitarian crisis for subsistence users and Indigenous Peoples with cultural and well-being ties to salmon. After over a decade of relative calm, the marine parasite Ichthyophonus has undergone a resurgence and is once again infecting Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; king; Taryaqvak; Ggaal; Gath; Łuk choo, hereafter referred to as king salmon) at high rates, with currently unknown consequences for survival of migrating adults. This thesis pairs multiple knowledge systems to assess the prevalence, severity, and impact of Ichthyophonus on adult Yukon River king salmon …
Seasonal Predictability Of Sea Ice And Boreal Fire In Alaska, Cecilia Borries-Strigle
Seasonal Predictability Of Sea Ice And Boreal Fire In Alaska, Cecilia Borries-Strigle
Atmospheric Sciences
Attribution studies have shown that warming Arctic temperatures have led to a substantial loss of sea ice and an increase in large wildfire seasons. With wildfire and sea ice decline impacting everyday life by disrupting transportation or damaging infrastructure, for example, a clear need for skillful forecasts at seasonal timescales has emerged. This dissertation addresses critical challenges in seasonal prediction for wildfire and sea ice in Alaska. The first study evaluates outlooks of Buildup Index derived from three seasonal forecasts to assess their skill in predicting fire conditions. Forecast skill is greatest during the wind (April 1-June 10) and drought …
Performance Analysis Of Pem Fuel Cells Via Puma Optimizer With The Aid Of Practical Verifications, Hossamm Ashraf, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Mahmoud M. Elkholy \, Attia A. El-Fergany
Performance Analysis Of Pem Fuel Cells Via Puma Optimizer With The Aid Of Practical Verifications, Hossamm Ashraf, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Mahmoud M. Elkholy \, Attia A. El-Fergany
Electrical Engineering
This manuscript presents a novel application of the recently developed Puma Optimizer (PO) for identifying the unknown parameters in Mann’s model, which is widely used for characterizing the behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The proposed PO-based methodology is rigorously evaluated using three test cases. One test case involves experimental I–V measurements under various operating conditions from a commercial PEMFC stack, the Horizon H-100 (100 W), which was assembled and tested in the laboratory. The other two cases are established benchmark PEMFC systems, the Ballard Mark V 5 kW and BCS 500 W units. Comprehensive statistical analyses over …
The Future Intensification Of Hydrological Extremes And Whiplashes In The Contiguous United States Increase Community Vulnerability, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, John D. Bolten, Hesham El-Askary
The Future Intensification Of Hydrological Extremes And Whiplashes In The Contiguous United States Increase Community Vulnerability, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, John D. Bolten, Hesham El-Askary
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Hydroclimatic whiplash rapid shifts between drought and flood poses growing risks to U.S. communities. Here, we assess historical extremes and future projections using a normalized streamflow metric: the annual mean flow’s deviation from the 1981–2020 average, expressed as a fraction of that average. This metric is applied to United States Geological Survey records and Localized Constructed Analogs downscaled projections under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. Results reveal sharp regional disparities, with drought deficits exceeding 300% of normal flow during multi-year droughts. By linking hydrologic outcomes with the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Risk Index, we find that counties facing …
Unlocking Professional Success: The Power Of Workforce Resilience & Cooperative Extension, Rachel Brauner, Andrew Bronson Crocker, Lakshmi Mahadevan, L. Chris Plein
Unlocking Professional Success: The Power Of Workforce Resilience & Cooperative Extension, Rachel Brauner, Andrew Bronson Crocker, Lakshmi Mahadevan, L. Chris Plein
Journal of Extension
OneOp, a virtual professional development platform dedicated to bolstering the Department of Defense Military Family Readiness System, offers valuable insights into strategies that Cooperative Extension can adopt to enhance workforce resilience. Workforce resilience refers to the capacity of employees to effectively navigate challenging circumstances, cope with stress, adapt to new conditions, and sustain motivation within their work environment. An assessment based on the OneOp webinar series on resiliency delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic identifies best practices that Cooperative Extension can employ to impart essential resilience skills to both individuals and service providers, contributing to a more resilient and adaptable workforce.
Small Meat Processor Needs Are Similar Across Region, Jordan C. Wicks, Alexis Wivell, Thomas Archibald, David Gerrard
Small Meat Processor Needs Are Similar Across Region, Jordan C. Wicks, Alexis Wivell, Thomas Archibald, David Gerrard
Journal of Extension
This needs-based assessment provides insight into the challenges of small meat processors in two regions of the US. On-line surveys were provided to processors and despite regional differences, data show approximately 70% of processors in each state find retention of skilled labor the greatest challenge in maintaining current levels of operation and impede future growth. These findings suggest educational and certification programing may help improve small processor viability and mitigate local food security concerns. Given the disparity in animal production and livestock availability between these diverse states but similarity in responses, we posit this information is translatable across the US.
Transforming Text To Images: Prompt Engineering Principles For Generative Ai Use In Extension, Paul Hill, Xue A. Dong, Aubree L. Miller
Transforming Text To Images: Prompt Engineering Principles For Generative Ai Use In Extension, Paul Hill, Xue A. Dong, Aubree L. Miller
Journal of Extension
Generative AI (GenAI) systems facilitate the creation of visual images by utilizing extensive datasets to interpret text-based instructions. Effective prompt engineering is essential for optimizing the output of AI-generated images. This article examines various GenAI systems and their functionalities, explores text-to-image prompt engineering principles and their application in Extension work, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of visual content creation with respect to educational materials, data visualization, and promotional content. The article also provides guidance and examples to assist Extension professionals in leveraging GenAI for improved communication and engagement. Recommendations include crafting detailed prompts and continuously refining them for desired results, …
Facilitating Farmer-To-Farmer Elearning: An Evaluation Of Climate And Wildfires Online Courses In California, Natalia Pinzon, Caitlin Brimm
Facilitating Farmer-To-Farmer Elearning: An Evaluation Of Climate And Wildfires Online Courses In California, Natalia Pinzon, Caitlin Brimm
Journal of Extension
This study assesses the effectiveness of two online courses tailored for farmers and ranchers in California, with a particular focus on the role of farmer-to-farmer pedagogies. Utilizing live sessions, a social-learning platform, and multimedia content, we draw insights from engagement metrics, lesson and end-of-course survey evaluations, and course outcomes. Key findings highlight the pivotal role of peer interactions, featuring farmers and completion incentives. Based on the findings, we advocate for the integration of farmer-to-farmer education methods within online learning environments to cultivate regional learning networks, and promote the timely exchange and co-creation of agricultural knowledge amid environmental change.
Evaluation Of South Carolina’S Extension And Outreach Agents’ Knowledge Of Harmful Algal Bloom Management And The Impacts Of One-Day Training, George Strickland, Debabrata Sahoo, Michael Vassalos, Heather Nix, Sarah White
Evaluation Of South Carolina’S Extension And Outreach Agents’ Knowledge Of Harmful Algal Bloom Management And The Impacts Of One-Day Training, George Strickland, Debabrata Sahoo, Michael Vassalos, Heather Nix, Sarah White
Journal of Extension
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) impact livestock producers. Most Extension agents have limited knowledge about HAB management. Our study goal was to assess agent readiness and training on HABs. We used data from in-person surveys of South Carolina (SC) Extension personnel. We examined how training influenced HAB knowledge using pre/post-tests. Training improved agent knowledge of HAB management, but water resource agents learned more. The results of this study can be used to identify Extension training shortfalls and drive policy to better prepare agents throughout the state. Further research should involve prioritizing additional extension topics and assessing knowledge in a similar manner.
Using Economic Data To Understand Local Childcare Challenges, Andrew J. Van Leuven, Tessa Conroy
Using Economic Data To Understand Local Childcare Challenges, Andrew J. Van Leuven, Tessa Conroy
Journal of Extension
The childcare sector holds vital implications for community development. Overcoming barriers to access and affordability requires a nuanced understanding of this complex sector, a requirement which is further complicated by limited data availability. This paper reviews key data sources and uses historical business data to explore and analyze trends in childcare establishment availability by region. Supplementing the analysis is a discussion of the implications for community economic development Extension professionals, including the importance of data literacy and the need to support local childcare providers.
Multi-Layered Framework For Llm Hallucination Mitigation In High-Stakes Applications: A Tutorial, Sachin Hiriyanna, Wenbing Zhao
Multi-Layered Framework For Llm Hallucination Mitigation In High-Stakes Applications: A Tutorial, Sachin Hiriyanna, Wenbing Zhao
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
Large language models (LLMs) now match or exceed human performance on many open-ended language tasks, yet they continue to produce fluent but incorrect statements, which is a failure mode widely referred to as hallucination. In low-stakes settings this may be tolerable; in regulated or safety-critical domains such as financial services, compliance review, and client decision support, it is not. Motivated by these realities, we develop an integrated mitigation framework that layers complementary controls rather than relying on any single technique. The framework combines structured prompt design, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with verifiable evidence sources, and targeted fine-tuning aligned with domain truth …
The Silent Epidemic: Equipment Maintenance Failures And Patient Outcomes In Ghana's Healthcare System, Ramseyer Adekorang Asamoah, Celene Dzreke, Evans Dzreke, David Kanzin
The Silent Epidemic: Equipment Maintenance Failures And Patient Outcomes In Ghana's Healthcare System, Ramseyer Adekorang Asamoah, Celene Dzreke, Evans Dzreke, David Kanzin
Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications
Broken tools indicate a broken system. This new study reveals how medical equipment failures destroy Ghana's public hospitals, turning life-saving technologies into silent murderers that disproportionately affect rural areas. Moving beyond technical diagnostics, we study the cascading systemic failures, chronic underfunding, critical staff shortages, and fragmented supply chains that leave 40% of vital equipment, such as ventilators, MRI scanners, and dialysis machines, inoperable at any given time. We quantify the devastating human toll through rigorous mixed-methods analysis of equipment downtime records across ten regional hospitals (2018-2023) and profound narratives from 50 frontline stakeholders, doctors forced to improvise without working incubators, …
Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao
Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
To provide constraints on the formation mechanisms of intracontinental volcanisms and intriguing lithospheric thickness variations in the East Sayan Mountains and surrounding areas, we stack P-to-s receiver functions to image the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities. Mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickening observed in a continuous area is attributable to ancient slab remnants, and Cenozoic volcanisms in the peripheral area can be explained by slab dehydration. The thinning of the MTZ in the Tuva-Mongolian Massif can be explained by mantle upwelling branches induced by slab subduction. Our results reveal an approximately circular area in the MTZ that is significantly thicker than usual, …
Understanding Salt Stress In Watermelon: Impacts On Plant Performance, Adaptive Solutions, And Future Prospects, Sukhmanjot Kaur, Milena Maria Tomaz De Oliveira, Amita Kaundal
Understanding Salt Stress In Watermelon: Impacts On Plant Performance, Adaptive Solutions, And Future Prospects, Sukhmanjot Kaur, Milena Maria Tomaz De Oliveira, Amita Kaundal
Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research
Soil salinity stress, intensified by extreme weather patterns, significantly threatens global watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] production. Watermelon, a moderately salt-sensitive crop, exhibits reduced germination, stunted growth, and impaired fruit yield and quality under saline conditions. As freshwater resources decline and agriculture’s dependency on irrigation leads to soil salinization, we need sustainable mitigation strategies for food security. Recent advances highlight the potential of using salt-tolerant rootstocks and breeding salt-resistant watermelon varieties as long-term genetic solutions for salinity. Conversely, agronomic interventions such as drip irrigation and soil amendments provide practical, short-term strategies to mitigate the impact of salt …
Modeling The Effects Of Cyclical Masticatory Forces In A 3d Oral Mucosal Model In Vitro, Samantha Robins, Vehid Salih, Alastair Lomax, Sian Crow, Zoe Brookes, Andrew Foey, Simon A. Whawell
Modeling The Effects Of Cyclical Masticatory Forces In A 3d Oral Mucosal Model In Vitro, Samantha Robins, Vehid Salih, Alastair Lomax, Sian Crow, Zoe Brookes, Andrew Foey, Simon A. Whawell
Peninsula Dental School
This study describes the development of a three-dimensional (3D) oral mucosal model (OMM) to investigate how oral tissues respond to masticatory forces. The OMMs replicated key features of human oral mucosa, such as stratified keratinocyte telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK) layers and fibroblast-populated collagen matrices. Cyclical mechanical forces (0-10 N) for 2 h applied to the model caused force-dependent changes in the histological structure, including thinning of the epithelium and collagen matrix and cell displacement at higher forces. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays revealed that 10 N forces led to significant cell damage (about 50% cell death) in TIGK monolayers, whereas …
The Shorthorn: August 14, 1970
The Shorthorn: August 14, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: July 31, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: June 19, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: July 3, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: May 8, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: May 1, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: April 24, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: April 10, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: March 20, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: April 3, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: March 13, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: March 6, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: February 27, 1970
The Shorthorn: February 27, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: February 20, 1970
The Shorthorn: February 20, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.
The Shorthorn: January 16, 1970
The Shorthorn: January 16, 1970
The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s
No abstract provided.