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Articles 196021 - 196050 of 1113965

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Nano Wall Growth And Structural, Electro-Optical Characterization Of Spray Pyrolytic Cobalt Oxide Thin Films., M. M. Islam, M. G. M. Choudhury, M. M. Rahman, M. K. R. Khan, M. Shahjahan, K. Uddin Sep 2021

Nano Wall Growth And Structural, Electro-Optical Characterization Of Spray Pyrolytic Cobalt Oxide Thin Films., M. M. Islam, M. G. M. Choudhury, M. M. Rahman, M. K. R. Khan, M. Shahjahan, K. Uddin

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Cobalt oxide thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis method onto a glass substrate at 300?C substrate temperature. Structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were studied. The crystal structure of as-deposited and annealed samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The structure of cobalt oxide was found to be cubic with lattice constant is a ~ 0.4 nm. The spectral absorption coefficient () at the fundamental absorption region was determined using the spectral data of transmittance and reflectance. The band gap energies were determined depending on the film thickness and the values obtained were vary from 1.357 …

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Impact Of Mole Concentration On The Structural And Optical Properties Of Nebulized Spray Coated Cerium Oxide Thin Films, R. Suresh, V. Ponnuswamy, R. Mariappan Sep 2021

Impact Of Mole Concentration On The Structural And Optical Properties Of Nebulized Spray Coated Cerium Oxide Thin Films, R. Suresh, V. Ponnuswamy, R. Mariappan

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Cerium oxide thin films are deposited on glass substrates with various mole concentrations by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique. The films are characterized for, XRD, SEM, AFM, FTIR, PL, UV-ViS and XPS. All films exhibit a cubic fluorite structure with preferred orientations along (2 0 0) direction with an average size of 30 nm. The films exhibit dense, smooth and crack-free spherical like tiny particles composed of nanostructures with some uneven size 52 nm. It also exhibits nicely separated conical columnar microstructure. FT-IR analysis confirm the presence of (Ce=O) terminal stretching and phonon band (Ce-O) of metal oxide network. PL analysis …

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Photoelectrochemical Cells Using Electrosynthesized Cadmium Sulphide And Mixed Sulphide Of Bismuth (Iii) And Cadmium (Ii) As Photoelectrodes., P. K. Mahapatra, B. B. Panda Sep 2021

Photoelectrochemical Cells Using Electrosynthesized Cadmium Sulphide And Mixed Sulphide Of Bismuth (Iii) And Cadmium (Ii) As Photoelectrodes., P. K. Mahapatra, B. B. Panda

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Attempts have been made to enhance the conversion efficiency of photoelectrochemical cell using electrolytically deposited CdS semiconductor electrode in sulphide–polysulphide electrolyte. In the present investigation the thin film of polycrystalline CdS and mixed sulphide of Cd(II) and Bi(III) have been synthesised electrochemically onto conducting glass substrate by co-depositing one and both the metals and anodising the film in electrolyte bath containing aqueous solution of Na2S. The cell configuration is photoelectrode / NaOH (1M) + S (1M) + Na2S (1M) / Pt. The performance parameters of the cell include measurements of photocurrent, photovoltage, fill factor, cell efficiency, flat band potential, band …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Zn1-Xcdxte Ternary Semiconductor Thin Films, Vedam Rama Murthy, Alla Srivani, G Krishna Kumari Sep 2021

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zn1-Xcdxte Ternary Semiconductor Thin Films, Vedam Rama Murthy, Alla Srivani, G Krishna Kumari

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

A substitutional solid solution of Zn1-xCdxTe (Zinc Cadmium Telluride, ZCT) is considered as a third generation detector and an important photovoltaic material in material science. This paper describes a methodology to prepare ZCT for the first time using a chemical deposition technique at 353K temperature. The reactive homogeneous bath solution was prepared by mixing ammonia complexed mercuric nitrate, cadmium nitrate and a metastable sodium tellurosulphate (Na2TeSO3) at 353K temperature. The substrates were rotated with a low speed of 45 rpm in the reactive bath. A slow rise in temperature to 383K in a span of 3 hours gives rise ZCT …

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Synthesis And Applications Of Alxga1-Xn Semiconductor Thin Films In Optoelectronic Devices., Vedam Ramamurthy, Alla Srivani, G Krishna Kumari Sep 2021

Synthesis And Applications Of Alxga1-Xn Semiconductor Thin Films In Optoelectronic Devices., Vedam Ramamurthy, Alla Srivani, G Krishna Kumari

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

AlxGa1-xN thin films were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique in a vacuum of about 2ɯ10 torr. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) were used to characterize nanocrystalline thin films. X-ray diffraction study showed that, all the films have the hexagonal wurtzite structure, with lattice constants a=b=4.142, c=6.724A˚. Crystallite sizes calculated from Scherrer relation are in the range of 54.83-62.93 nm. Raman spectroscopy showed that the product were hexagonal wurtzite CdS with the 1st and 2nd harmonic modes at 300.1 and 601.34 cm-1 respectively. The optical properties of the nanocrystalline were investigated by …

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Optical Properties Of Tio2 Based Multilayer Thin Films: Application To Optical Filters., M. Kitui, M. M Mwamburi, F. Gaitho, C. M. Maghanga Sep 2021

Optical Properties Of Tio2 Based Multilayer Thin Films: Application To Optical Filters., M. Kitui, M. M Mwamburi, F. Gaitho, C. M. Maghanga

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Optical filters have received much attention currently due to the increasing demand in various applications. Spectral filters block specific wavelengths or ranges of wavelengths and transmit the rest of the spectrum. This paper reports on the simulated TiO2 – SiO2 optical filters. The design utilizes a high refractive index TiO2 thin films which were fabricated using spray Pyrolysis technique and low refractive index SiO2 obtained theoretically. The refractive index and extinction coefficient of the fabricated TiO2 thin films were extracted by simulation based on the best fit. This data was then used to design a five alternating layer stack which …

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Sn Doped Zno Thin Films Prepared By Pulsed Laser Deposition For Photovoltaic Applications, I. Ali, Z. Ullah, K. Siraj, M. S. Rafique, M. Khaleeq-Ur-Rahman Sep 2021

Sn Doped Zno Thin Films Prepared By Pulsed Laser Deposition For Photovoltaic Applications, I. Ali, Z. Ullah, K. Siraj, M. S. Rafique, M. Khaleeq-Ur-Rahman

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

The objective of the present research work is to prepare various compositions of Sn doped ZnO thin films on a single crystal silicon (1 0 0) substrate via pulsed laser deposition technique, for investigation of valuable structural and optical properties. For this purpose, targets of pure and Sn-ZnO were prepared in the form of compressed, sintered and densified pellets by solid state reaction method. A KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm, τ=20 ns, El = 20 mJ and Φl=1 J/cm2) was employed to deposit various thin films on silicon substrate. Post deposition annealing of all the Sn-ZnO thin films was carried …

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Comparative Study Of Cds Thin Films Fabricated By A Simplified Spray Technique Using Two Cationic Precursor Salts With Different Stability Constants, M. Anbarasi, A. R. Balu, V. S. Nagarethinam Sep 2021

Comparative Study Of Cds Thin Films Fabricated By A Simplified Spray Technique Using Two Cationic Precursor Salts With Different Stability Constants, M. Anbarasi, A. R. Balu, V. S. Nagarethinam

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared by a low cost simplified spray technique using perfume atomizer on glass substrates at 325?C using two different cationic precursors: cadmium acetate and cadmium chloride. The effect of cationic precursors on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties was studied. Structural studies reveal that the films are polycrystalline in nature with a mixture of both cubic and hexagonal phases with hexagonal phase being predominant irrespective of the precursor used. The preferential orientation factor f(h k l) of CdCl2 based film is high compared to that of Cd(CH3COO)2 based film. Grain size value were …

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Magnetic Properties Of Textured Nanocrystalline Mn-Zn Ferrite Thin Films Fabricated By Pulsed Laser Deposition., Jaison Joseph, R. B. Tangsali, R.J.Choudhary, D. M. Phase, V.Ganeshan Sep 2021

Magnetic Properties Of Textured Nanocrystalline Mn-Zn Ferrite Thin Films Fabricated By Pulsed Laser Deposition., Jaison Joseph, R. B. Tangsali, R.J.Choudhary, D. M. Phase, V.Ganeshan

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

MnxZn1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles were chemically synthesized by co- precipitating metal ions in alkaline aqueous solutions. The XRD peaks match up to spinel ferrites without any multi phase indication and clear visibility of ferrite FT-IR absorption bands confirm single phase spinal formation. Particle size derived from XRD data is authenticated by TEM micrographs. Thin films fabricated from this material on quartz substrate by pulse laser deposition were characterised using XRD. The XRD data revealed formation of spinel structure with a reasonable degree of texture. AFM analysis confirms nano granular film morphology with dimensions comparable to that of target grain. Magnetic data obtained …

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Influence Of Energy Nitrogen Ion Implantation On Structural And Mechanical Properties Of Chromium Thin Film, M. Manouchehrian, M. M. Larijani, B. Banagar Sep 2021

Influence Of Energy Nitrogen Ion Implantation On Structural And Mechanical Properties Of Chromium Thin Film, M. Manouchehrian, M. M. Larijani, B. Banagar

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Chromium thin films were deposited on 304 stainless steel using the hollow cathode discharge (HCD) method. Chromium films were implanted with nitrogen ions at different energies ((15-25-35-45) keV) and at a dose of 5×1017ions/cm2. The implanted films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), microhardness testing, friction coefficient measurements, and wear mechanism study. The XRD results confirmed that increasing energy does not effect the formation of the CrN phase. AFM images showed that surface roughness changed proportionally to grain size after implantation. It was found that hardness increased as energy increased. From the friction coefficient measurement, it …

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Physical Properties Of Undoped And Doped Zno Thin Films Prepared By Spray Pyrolysis For Photovoltaic Application, F.Chouikh, Yamina Beggah, Mohammed Salah Aida Sep 2021

Physical Properties Of Undoped And Doped Zno Thin Films Prepared By Spray Pyrolysis For Photovoltaic Application, F.Chouikh, Yamina Beggah, Mohammed Salah Aida

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Al doped ZnO thin films were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The concentration ratio of [Al]/[Zn] was varied from 1 to 5 %mol in the starting solution, in order to investigate the effect of doping ratio on the structural optical and electrical films properties. The films thicknesse was found in the range 900-1100 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the films doped with Al using aluminium chloride (AlCl3.H2O) has a textured structure with (002) preferred orientation, .The grain size increases with Al concentration from 28.91 to 59.11 nm. The average optical transmittance of all films, regardless the doping concentration, …

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Electrical Properties Of Pure And Doped (Kno3 & Mgcl2) Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer Thin Films, K.Sreelalitha, K.Thyagarajan Sep 2021

Electrical Properties Of Pure And Doped (Kno3 & Mgcl2) Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer Thin Films, K.Sreelalitha, K.Thyagarajan

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Polymer thin film technology has made tremendous growth due to the range of technological applications such as coatings, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, sensors and batteries. These applications of thin films are possible as they are easy to fabricate and the effects due to confinement and interfacial interactions are responsible for different physical phenomenon that depend on thickness of thin films which cannot be observed in bulk materials. In the present work pure and doped (KNO3 & MgCl2) Polyvinyl Alcohol thin films are synthesized using solution casting technique. Electrical conduction in polymers has been studied aiming to understand the nature of …

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Study Of Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties Of Sb2s3 Thin Films Deposited By Oblique Angle Deposition, Chaffar Akkari Ferid, I. Trabelsi, A. Sinaoui, F. Aousgi, M. Kanzari Sep 2021

Study Of Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties Of Sb2s3 Thin Films Deposited By Oblique Angle Deposition, Chaffar Akkari Ferid, I. Trabelsi, A. Sinaoui, F. Aousgi, M. Kanzari

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Sb2S3 thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation method with oblique angle deposition technique. During the deposition, the substrate temperature was maintained at Ts = 180 ◦C and the deposition angle was fixed at a = 0◦, 20◦, 40◦, 60◦, 70◦ and 85◦. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV- Vis- NIR spectra were used to characterize the structural, surface morphology and optical properties respectively of the layers. X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that all the deposited Sb2S3 films are amorphous. The band gaps of the thin films were found to be direct allowed transitions and are around 1.87 …

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Optimization Of Deposition Parameters On The Physical Properties Of Tio2 Thin Films By Spray Pyrolysis Technique, A. Gowri Manohari, S. Dhanapandian, K. Santhosh Kumar, T. Mahalingam Sep 2021

Optimization Of Deposition Parameters On The Physical Properties Of Tio2 Thin Films By Spray Pyrolysis Technique, A. Gowri Manohari, S. Dhanapandian, K. Santhosh Kumar, T. Mahalingam

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been deposited on microscopic glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, molarity (precursor concentration) and solution spray rate on the structural, surface morphological and optical properties of the films have been studied. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD patterns indicated that the films have amorphous and polycrystalline structure and the size of the crystallites have been changed from 9 to 48 nm. The optical band gap of the TiO2 films is determined …

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Effects Of Tritonx100 And Tetraethylorthosilicate On The Morphology And Photocatalyst Properties Of Tio2 Thin Film, Hamideh Samari Jahromi Sep 2021

Effects Of Tritonx100 And Tetraethylorthosilicate On The Morphology And Photocatalyst Properties Of Tio2 Thin Film, Hamideh Samari Jahromi

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

The effects of non-ionic Triton X-100 (TX) surfactant and Tetraethylorthosilicate binder agent for preparing the TiO2 (TO) thin film were investigated. TO thin film was prepared using tetra chloride titanium as a precursor via an acid catalyzed sol-gel process. The morphology and surface structure of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structure and surface of films obtained by a dip-coating technique were found to depend strongly on the use and type of additive molecules added. The results show that, the film from titania sol without various additives molecules consists of agglomerated …

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Preparation And Study The Structural And Optical Properties Of Cus Nano Film, Abdul- Hussein K. Elttayef, Hayder M. Ajeel, Ausama E. Kudair Sep 2021

Preparation And Study The Structural And Optical Properties Of Cus Nano Film, Abdul- Hussein K. Elttayef, Hayder M. Ajeel, Ausama E. Kudair

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Thin films of CuS were prepared by Successive Ionic Layer And Reaction (SILAR) method from solution of CuCl2 and Na2S at two different molarities (0.03 M and 0.06 M) on glass substrates at room temperature. The structural and optical properties of CuS films were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer respectively. The films are polycrystalline, very adherent to the substrate and well crystallized according to the centered cubic structure with preferential orientation along (103) . It was found that the energy gap of CuS varies from 2.4eV to 2.8eV for thickness of 0.55μm and 0.82μm respectively (i.e depending …

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Development Of High Performance Magnetic Ni-Fe-W-S Thin Film For Micro Electro Mechanical System., R. Kannan, S. Ganesan, P. Esther, C. Joseph Kennady Sep 2021

Development Of High Performance Magnetic Ni-Fe-W-S Thin Film For Micro Electro Mechanical System., R. Kannan, S. Ganesan, P. Esther, C. Joseph Kennady

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Electro deposition of NiFeWS thin films was carried out from Tri Potassium citrate bath at a constant current density (1 A/dm2) and controlled pH of 8 by varying bath temperature. Physical properties such as surface morphology, microstructure and magnetic properties such as coercivity, saturation magnetization, magnetic flux density were investigated for electrodeposited NiFeWS soft magnetic thin films. The characteristics of the NiFeWS thin films were enhanced when the temperature of the bath increased. The SEM micrographs of the electrodeposited films at 80˚C exhibited no micro cracks and more uniform. According to X-ray diffraction pattern, the FCC structure was the dominant …

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Kinetics Of Nonsymmetrical Impurity Segregation At Thin Film Boundaries, I.M. Davydova, T.N. Melnik, V.M. Yurchenko Sep 2021

Kinetics Of Nonsymmetrical Impurity Segregation At Thin Film Boundaries, I.M. Davydova, T.N. Melnik, V.M. Yurchenko

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Theoretical and numerical analysis is presented for kinetics of impurity segregation at the boundaries of a thin layer of substance dividing two different materials. Time dependences of boundary impurity concentrations and concentration profiles within the film have been obtained. Depending on the energy of impurity interaction with the boundaries and the temperature, some criteria were established to predict probable realization of segregation process. The time of exhausting of areas adjusting segregation layers and the width of the exhausted zone near the boundaries was evaluated.

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New Design Of Hairpin-Koch Fractal Filter For Suppression Of Spurious Band, Amer Basim Shaalan, Nadir Fadhil Habubi, Sami Salman Chiad, Ziad Abdulahad Toma Sep 2021

New Design Of Hairpin-Koch Fractal Filter For Suppression Of Spurious Band, Amer Basim Shaalan, Nadir Fadhil Habubi, Sami Salman Chiad, Ziad Abdulahad Toma

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

The use of fractal geometries has significantly impacted many areas of science and engineering; one of which is microwave filters. Microstrip filters have been widely used in a variety of microwave circuits and systems, it has received much attention because of the advantages such as compact and simple structures, small sizes, easy fabrication and low cost, etc., and all these features are the requirement of the wireless communication systems. The design of a hairpin-Koch filter has been proposed. This filter exhibits periodic frequency response. The spurious bands are being suppressed significantly through the implementation of Koch fractal on the micro …

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Investigation Of The Statistical Surface Morphology And Optical Properties Of The Ag/Al And Ag/Cu Thin Double-Layers, A. Zendehnam, B. Farokhi, N. Beiranvand, S. Miri Sep 2021

Investigation Of The Statistical Surface Morphology And Optical Properties Of The Ag/Al And Ag/Cu Thin Double-Layers, A. Zendehnam, B. Farokhi, N. Beiranvand, S. Miri

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

In this work, thin films were deposited on the amorphous glass substrates by magnetron sputtering method. Surface morphology of double-layers of Ag/Al and Ag/Cu were investigated. For surface morphology studies atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used, variations of the grain and partical size as well as surface roughness, roughness exponents and correlation length were studied for double layers. Coating Cu and Al on silver thin films reduces the surface roughness and correlation length but when Ag is deposited on Al and Cu correlation length increases. The reflectance is measured in wavelength range of 200-1100 nm, …

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Influence Of Annealing And Thickness On The Electrical Properties Of Invar36 Thin Film For Strain Gauge Applications, H. M Kalpana, V. Siddeswara Prasad, M. M Nayak Sep 2021

Influence Of Annealing And Thickness On The Electrical Properties Of Invar36 Thin Film For Strain Gauge Applications, H. M Kalpana, V. Siddeswara Prasad, M. M Nayak

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Invar36 thin films with various thicknesses from 200 °Ato 1400°Aare deposited on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering technique. After deposition, the samples are annealed in vacuum ambient (10−5mbar) upto 500◦C. Electrical properties of as-deposited as well as annealed films are analyzed with respect to thickness and annealing temperature. In situ measurement of sheet resistance of films with respect to annealing temperature is carried out by four probe technique. There is a decrease of sheet resistance and resistivity of all films with increasing temperature irrespective of film thickness.The resistivity of the as deposited films is around 230 mW-cm and decreases …

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Growth And Effect Of Deposition Pressure On Microstructure And Electrical Properties Of 3c-Sic Thin Films Deposited Using Methyltrichlorosilane Single Precursor, H. K. E. Latha, A. Udayakumar, V. Siddeswara Prasad Sep 2021

Growth And Effect Of Deposition Pressure On Microstructure And Electrical Properties Of 3c-Sic Thin Films Deposited Using Methyltrichlorosilane Single Precursor, H. K. E. Latha, A. Udayakumar, V. Siddeswara Prasad

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

This paper presents effect of deposition pressure on the microstructure and electrical properties of 3C-SiC (111) thin films. These films are deposited at a temperature of 1040 ◦C and pressures of 1.5, 1.8, 2.5 and 2.7 mbar, on thermally oxidized Si (100) substrates from a mixture of methyltrichlorosilane and hydrogen gas using a vertical hot wall, low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) reactor. The above properties are investigated for all films using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four probe technique. An FTIR spectrum shows the formation of Si-C bonding of deposited films. …

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Investigation Of Influence Of Spin Coating Parameters On The Morphology Of Zno Thin Films By Taguchi Method, Shivaraj B.W, H N Narasimha Murthy, M Krishna, S C Sharma Sep 2021

Investigation Of Influence Of Spin Coating Parameters On The Morphology Of Zno Thin Films By Taguchi Method, Shivaraj B.W, H N Narasimha Murthy, M Krishna, S C Sharma

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of spin coating process parameters on the thickness and surface roughness of Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films using L9 Orthogonal Array. ZnO thin film was deposited on glass substrate at room temperature by sol-gel spin coating method. Spinning speed, spinning duration, volume of the solution and molar concentration of the precursor were studied as experimental factors. Molar concentration of the precursor significantly influenced both coating thickness and surface roughness. Combination of least coating thickness of 492 nm and best surface roughness of 3.27 nm was achieved at 5000 rpm spinning …

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Characteristic Of I-V , C-V For A-Ge:Sb/C-Gaas Hetrojunction, A.Salah, M.F.Alias, A.Kadhum, H.Kh.Al-Lamy Sep 2021

Characteristic Of I-V , C-V For A-Ge:Sb/C-Gaas Hetrojunction, A.Salah, M.F.Alias, A.Kadhum, H.Kh.Al-Lamy

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Ge:Sb films with thickness (500nm) have been deposited by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrate and c-GaAs wafer at room temperature, under vacuum of 10-5 mbar with rate of deposition equal to 10Ǻ/sec. These films have been annealed at different annealing temperatures (100, 200)0C. The structural characteristic of the films prepared on glass and GaAs substrates have been studied by using X-ray diffraction, the tests show that all the films have amorphous structure for all annealing temperatures. The C-V measurement of a-Ge:Sb/c-GaAs heterojunciton at frequency 1 KHz and we found built – in potential (Vbi)increase from 0.645 V to 0.84 …

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Optical Characterization Of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared By Reactive Dc Magnetron Sputtering For Solar Cell Applications, Mugwang’A F.K, Karimi P.K, Njoroge W.K, Omayio O, Waita S.M Sep 2021

Optical Characterization Of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared By Reactive Dc Magnetron Sputtering For Solar Cell Applications, Mugwang’A F.K, Karimi P.K, Njoroge W.K, Omayio O, Waita S.M

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Cu2O thin films have been deposited using reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique using an Edward Auto 306 Magnetron Sputtering System. Transmittance and reflectance data in the range 300 nm-2500 nm were obtained using UV-VIS NIR Spectrophotometer Solid State 3700 DUV for all the thin films samples that were prepared. Transmittance values of above 70% were observed. The optical measurements were simulated using SCOUT 98 software to determine optical constants and optical bad gap of the thin. The optical properties in these films were varied by varying oxygen flow rate at constant powerof 200 W. Optical studies show a direct allowed …

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On The Wavy Behaviour Of Grain Growth In Sprayed Thin Films, A. A. Ramadan, A. A. Abd El-Mongy, S. H. Moustafa, Ehab Abdel-Rahman, A. M. El-Shabiny, S. M. M. Salman Sep 2021

On The Wavy Behaviour Of Grain Growth In Sprayed Thin Films, A. A. Ramadan, A. A. Abd El-Mongy, S. H. Moustafa, Ehab Abdel-Rahman, A. M. El-Shabiny, S. M. M. Salman

International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology

Tin oxide films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique with different deposition times (60 - 240 s) while the substrate temperature (773 K), the deposition rate (0.22 ml/s) and the concentration (0.2 M) of tin chloride (hydrous) solution were kept constant. Variation of grain size with film thickness (deposition time) is found useful to model a mechanism for film growth. Depending on the mode of layer growth followed by 3D crystallite growth (Stranski and Krastaniv, SK) as well as on the variation of the standard deviation of pole densities, a proposed model of growth mechanism of thin film was suggested. …

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Comparison Of Different Entropy Measures Using The Relative Loss Approach For The Lomax Distribution, Muhammad Ijaz, Sundus Naji Al-Aziz, Syed Muhammad Asim, Javid Gani Dar, Abd Al-Aziz Hosni El-Bagoury Sep 2021

Comparison Of Different Entropy Measures Using The Relative Loss Approach For The Lomax Distribution, Muhammad Ijaz, Sundus Naji Al-Aziz, Syed Muhammad Asim, Javid Gani Dar, Abd Al-Aziz Hosni El-Bagoury

Information Sciences Letters

The entropy measures are useful to measures the uncertainty or randomness in data. Their applications are found in Physics, electrical engineering, computer science, and geophysics, etc. In this paper, we considered different entropy measures to evaluate which one of these entropy measures is reliable while modeling the data by the Lomax distribution. For this purpose, the relative loss of each entropy is computed by using the truncated form of the Lomax distribution on [0,t) instead of considering the Lomax distribution on [0,∞). For demonstration purposes, numerical results are obtained and it concluded that the Shannon, Renyi, and Sharma & Mittal …

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The Properties Of Short Circular Reinforced-Concrete Columns Strengthened By Treated Natural Jute And Non-Treated Jute Fibres, Yaseen Ali Salih, Anies Mohammed Abbas, Aziz I. Abdulla Sep 2021

The Properties Of Short Circular Reinforced-Concrete Columns Strengthened By Treated Natural Jute And Non-Treated Jute Fibres, Yaseen Ali Salih, Anies Mohammed Abbas, Aziz I. Abdulla

Information Sciences Letters

The technique of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP)-strengthening of concrete columns has emerged in recent years as an excellent alternative to the iron plate reinforcement and strengthening using reinforced concrete cover. That is because the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) being (lightweight, has excellent tensile resistance, has high corrosion resistance) and finally speed of work execution. In this research, the behaviour of short reinforced concrete columns with circular sections and strengthened with treated natural jute and non-treated jute fibres was studied. The practical program includes casting and testing 24 specimens of short circular tubed reinforced concrete columns where laboratory testing was …

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Optimal Allocation In Agriculture Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Assignment Problem, Mushtaq. A. Lone, S. A. Mir, Hilal M. Y. Al-Bayatti, Ozen Ozer, Omar F. Khan, Tabasum Mushtaq Sep 2021

Optimal Allocation In Agriculture Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Assignment Problem, Mushtaq. A. Lone, S. A. Mir, Hilal M. Y. Al-Bayatti, Ozen Ozer, Omar F. Khan, Tabasum Mushtaq

Information Sciences Letters

This paper deals with Intuitionistic fuzzy assignment problem in which cost C~ has been considered as an ij Intuitionistic triangular fuzzy number. The proposed accuracy function is used to defuzzifying the assignment costs which are converted into crisp values. The optimum solution of the formulated problem is obtained through Licenced LINGO software using Branch and Bound method.

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Comparisons Of Some Multi-Hop Routing Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks, Hamdy H. El-Sayed, Hilal Al Bayatti Sep 2021

Comparisons Of Some Multi-Hop Routing Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks, Hamdy H. El-Sayed, Hilal Al Bayatti

Information Sciences Letters

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), reducing sensor node energy consumption and increasing network lifetime are becoming more and more challenging due to large scale in Internet of Things (IoT). Hierarchical protocols, especially Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), are considered as the best energy-efficient for WSNs. However, LEACH need to be enhanced to support scalability in large WSNs. In this paper, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). the sensor nodes are divided into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing field. Base Station (BS) be out of the …

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