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Virtual Reality As New Part Of The Methodology For Designing Future Cities, Mona Saleh Hassen

Journal of Engineering Research

Architecture is the art of transforming imagination into reality. This starts from drawing engineering plans to 3D drawings to executing the building and turning it into reality. With the advent of modern technology, it has become easy to bridge the gap between fantasy and reality (idea and building). Since the architect's profession is the art of persuading clients. So, the emergence of virtual reality technology will create confidence for the architect. And a great transfer in the way engineers work. Where virtual reality has become a new and powerful way of expression. It allows us to explore cities before they …

Effect Of Balcony’S Design Parameters On Energy Performance Of Residential Buildings, Bassma Talal, Ayman Hassan Mahmoud, Rania Rushdy

Journal of Engineering Research

Residential buildings have a critical role in energy consumption, contributing to produce greenhouse gases and creating urban heat island. For this reason, optimizing the building energy usage is avital issue. Balconies can be considered one of the building façade elements that have considerable thermal performance. The main aim of the paper is to assess the contribution of various balcony design parameters on indoor thermal performance and energy consumption of residential buildings.A simulation study was conducted for a residential villa located in hot climate country, Cairo Egypt. Different design parameters were investigated and 6 case studies were compared in order to …

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Space Deterrence Or Dominance?, Dwayne Liller

Space and Defense

A strategy to safeguard United States’ space assets is needed. Deterrence strategies, like Cold War nuclear deterrence, are often recommended. Nuclear deterrence history reveals that deterrence through dominance is what early strategists employed. Both Cold War adversaries attempted repeatedly to gain the lead in nuclear weapons. Seeking short term advantages activated the security dilemma and both sides responded in kind, guaranteeing an arms race. The faulty logic of the security dilemma was that the next advantage would bring security. This did not happen and illustrated how mutual vulnerability resulted from long term and determined opposition. That condition exists to this …

Operationally Responsive Space: Past, Present And Future, Stuart Eves

Space and Defense

Where did the idea of Operationally Responsive Space originate? You might imagine that the idea was born during the First Gulf War, (sometimes called the First Space War), where use was made of strategic space systems to support operations. It was apparent, though, that strategic systems with very small fields of view and long revisit times were not well suited to operational reconnaissance. Other limitations of these strategic systems included a tasking system not suited for tactical timelines; significant data downlink requirements, making it difficult to deliver data into the theatre; a large in-theatre “footprint” for intelligence analysts; and lack …

The 2010 National Space Policy: Down To Earth?, Joan Johnson-Freese

Space and Defense

The 2010 National Space Policy, intended “to express the President’s direction for the Nation’s space activities,” was released by the Obama Administration on June 28. Responses were for the most part swift and predictable. While drawing heavily from past consistent principles, all analysts agreed that the tone and emphasis differed significantly from the 2006 Bush Administration policy, which itself was a departure from past policies in terms of a greater military focus and nationalistic orientation. Views on which tone and emphasis is best has ranged along the ideological spectrum. A sampling of opinions is indicative. Baker Spring, from the conservative …

Coalitions In Space: Where Networks Are Power, James Clay Moltz

Space and Defense

This study begins with the widely recognized problem of 21st century space vulnerabilities. To address this challenge, it proposes the new concept of an “allied space network” as a possible means of both reducing risks and enhancing space power. Such a concept would move beyond realist, Cold War “balancing” in space, and instead would require new forms of technical and political cooperation in the military sector among participating states. In thinking about future space security this study argues that trans-national networks and alliances offer considerable untapped potential, with possibly significant benefits particularly for the United States, which—unlike China and Russia— …

Introduction, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop

“Astronaut Envy?” The U.S. Military’S Quest For A Human Mission In Space, Roger D. Launius

Space and Defense

Before the beginning of the space age in 1957, the Department of Defense (DOD) of the United States sought to gain the mission and the technologies to carry out human operations in space. Even after 1958, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower made the decision to assign the human spaceflight mission to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), DOD champions continued to argue for a role for military astronauts. The military pursued several flight projects in the 1960s, achieved flight status for military astronauts on classified missions on the Space Shuttle in the 1980s, and has continued to …

India In Space: Factors Shaping The Indian Trajectory, Harsh V. Pant, Ajey Lele

Space and Defense

By launching its space probe to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, on 22 October 2008, India joined the United States (U.S.), Japan, Europe, Russia, and China in this accomplishment. The principal goal of the probe was to conduct mapping of the lunar surface, and among the scientific payloads it carried two were from the United States and three from the European Space Agency (ESA). This was a unique mission as it was an attempt to map highresolution, 3-D topography of entire Moon, get mineral composition of surface, and investigate the availability of water and Helium-3. Chandrayaan-1 operated until August 2009, coming to …

European Approaches To Space And Security: Implications For Transatlantic Cooperation, Michael Searway

Space and Defense

As complex security threats are increasing the need for international cooperation on Earth, the growing number of actors in space increasingly demands collaboration in space and security. This need is intensified by the unique environmental attributes of space. For example, debris from space assets can orbit the Earth for years, rendering large areas of orbital space unusable. Moreover, as space becomes more crowded, the lack of comprehensive international governance amplifies the chance of mishaps above Earth.

Multilateralism In Space: Opportunities And Challenges For Achieving Space Security, Theresa Hitchens

Space and Defense

Human activity in space has, from the dawn of the space age, been characterized by a “push me, pull you” dynamic between competition and cooperation. There is no doubt it was the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the then Soviet Union that drove initial efforts to breech the space frontier, and that military competition has long been, and continues to be, a central factor in states’ pursuit of space capabilities. At the same time, even during the height of tensions between the two superpowers, international cooperation in the space exploration and sciences was considered a high priority. …

Table Of Contents Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop

Chinese Intentions In Space: A Historical Perspective For Future Cooperation, Gregory Kulacki

Space and Defense

The United States (U.S.) is opening a new dialogue with China on cooperation in space that includes human space flight. The announcement appeared in the Joint Statement issued by U.S. President Obama and Chinese President Hu in Beijing, China on 17 November 2009. The two leaders also agreed “the two countries have common interests in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and agree to take steps to enhance security in outer space.”1 These are significant shifts in U.S. civilian and military space policy. The U.S. ended cooperation in space with China more than a decade ago2 and consistently refused …

Europe And Security Issues In Space: The Institutional Setting, Frans Von Der Dunk

Space and Defense

In the current timeframe, the relevance of discussions on the existing use of space for national security purposes and the potential of it to be used for non-peaceful purposes are clearly increasing.1 As a consequence, it becomes more important to address the role of Europe as a geopolitical, albeit far from monolithic, entity in this context.

The New Space Order: Why Space Power Matters For Europe, Nicolas Peter

Space and Defense

More than fifty years since the dawn of the Space Age and twenty years since the end of the Cold War, space affairs and politics remain interlinked. Space activities are increasingly tied to national power for major world powers, and political objectives are still the driving force for most space activities. Yet in an ever more globalized and competitive multipolar world, status and power that arise from the employment and access to the most advanced technologies are now widely perceived as key to the powers and standings of states. The importance of space activities is increasing, transitioning in terms of …

Lawful Response To Attacks On Space Systems, James D. Rendleman

Space and Defense

What means may a nation lawfully employ to respond to and to defeat threats and attacks on its space systems? Treaties and customary law provide a strong incentive to limit space activities to non-aggressive “peaceful purposes.” They do not, however, proscribe space warfare or preparation for such conflict. Space system components are thus at risk, and can be attacked, degraded, or destroyed, simultaneously or each in detail. The use of force is allowed only in self-defense against an “armed attack” or in accord with authorization of the United Nations (UN). Kinetic, electromagnetic, or information operation attacks against space systems are …

Table Of Contents Volume 4 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 4 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Observations On The Past, Hope For The Future: The Aftermath Of A Library Renovation Project, John H. Barnett

South Carolina Libraries

After experiencing the final weeks and immediate aftermath of a library renovation project at the University of South Carolina Upstate, the Dean of the Library relates what he believes turned out well and what did not. He offers guidance on issues to consider as well as how to improve communication and manage expectations as libraries move forward with their renovations.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Publisher's Corner, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

Book Reviews of

Kalic, Sean, N. U.S. Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946-1967. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2012, 182pp., $40.00. Natalie Bormann and Michael Sheehan. Securing Outer Space: International Relations Theory and the Politics of Space. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, c2009, 2012 (pbk), 272 pp., $44.95 (pbk).

Thailand Post King Bhumibol Adulyadej: An Uncertain Future, Daniel Hughes

Space and Defense

Student Contribution

If tourism were proportional to political stability in the sense that more people would want to travel to destinations in which they are ensured some semblance of security, then Thailand would indeed be one of the most stable and secure countries in the world, particularly in 2011 according to Forbes and Lonely Planet travel blogs. The truth, however, is that Thailand is simply a country that has done well to mask its political turmoil with the exception of the Bangkok riots of 2006. In reality, Thailand is a whirlpool of political deception, monarchical clandestine operations, and military intervention. …