Digital Commons Network^™

Coral Reef Hydrodynamics: A Critical Review Of Roughness Indices And Their Characteristic Complexity, Faisal Karim, N. A. K. Nandasena, Lujain Kuruvachalil, Mohamed M. Mohamed, James P. Terry

All Works

This study provides a systematic review of hydrodynamic roughness in coral reef systems, focusing on drag coefficient (Cd), Manning's roughness coefficient (n), friction factor, and rugosity metrics. A structured bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science databases, including field measurements, laboratory flume experiments, and numerical studies validated with physical data. Results show substantial variability in roughness parameters across scales and environments. Reported drag coefficients range from 0.002 for smooth sandy beds to values exceeding 7.0 in complex mangrove-reef systems, with typical reef crest values between 0.05 and 0.30. Manning's n varies from 0.01 in smooth channels to …

Algorithmic Ethics In An Era Of Agentic Ai Advocacy: An Analysis Of Ai’S Impact On The Model Rules Of Professional Conduct And The Model Code Of Judicial Conduct, Michael D. Murray

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

No abstract provided.

Google’S Misuse Of The Attorney-Client Privilege: A Call For Stronger Corporate Standards, Ally Raven

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

No abstract provided.

From Oversight To Insight: Transforming Cybersecurity Governance In Boardrooms, Tooba Aamir, Georgia Psaroulis, Marthie Grobler, Helge Janicke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cybersecurity governance is increasingly critical in a digital economy, with board directors playing a central role in shaping organisational resilience. Directors are pivotal in setting cybersecurity strategies and carrying fiduciary obligations that extend to digital risk oversight. This study examines the cybersecurity literacy and governance practices of Australian board directors through a qualitative interview study with 13 participants. Findings reveal a substantial gap in directors' knowledge and confidence, undermining effective oversight and informed decision-making. This deficit limits their ability to interrogate risk reports, challenge assumptions, and steer investment in line with organisational resilience goals. In response, we propose a Board …

Application Of Fidic Epc/Turnkey Contract Under The Egyptian Public Works Contracts Law, Ahmed Alhady Dr., Mahmoud Mahmoud Ahmed Eng., Ahmed Elhakeem Prof., Mohamed Ibrahim Dr.

Civil Engineering

This study focuses on the application of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC Turnkey Projects—Silver Book 1999, (FIDIC (EPC&T)), when governed by the Egyptian Law of Contracts concluded by public bodies No. 182 of 2018 (ELC) due to the conflicts that may arise from such application. Hence, this study identifies specific FIDIC (EPC&T) 1999 clauses that have the potential for conflicts with ELC, shows the similarities and disparities between these clauses and the relevant ELC articles, and provides recommendations to ensure the successful application of FIDIC (EPC&T) 1999 under ELC. This was achieved through a multistep research methodology in which …

The Echo: April 13, 2026, Taylor University

2025-2026 (Volume 113)

No abstract provided.

A Quality Assurance Framework For Maintaining And Enhancing Academic Standards Of Ai-Infused Higher Education: Insights From Gcc Faculty Perspectives, Nina Abdul Razzak

Higher Learning Research Communications

Objectives: This study addresses the gap in research on maintaining and enhancing the quality of artificial intelligence (AI)–infused higher education in a structured and systematized way by proposing a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) framework fit for that purpose.

Methods: The study employs a qualitative research design approach in the form of a constructivist or interpretive investigation, exploring in depth faculty members’ different perspectives and experiences in relation to AI implementation. The study combines a textual analysis of the international literature on the topic, with insights from four focus groups involving faculty members from various disciplines and colleges across the Gulf …

Advancing Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry For Structural Characterization, Isomer Discrimination And Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry, Sudam Shivaji Mane

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the development and application of high-resolution ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) methodologies for gas-phase separation and structural characterization of small molecules, with particular emphasis on epimers, positional isomers, and protomers. In addition to structural separations, this work investigates fundamental aspects of gas-phase ion chemistry using IMS-MS in combination with collision-induced ion activation and dissociation techniques. Advanced separations were performed using cyclic traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (cyclic TWIMS), implemented in a commercial cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (cIMS) platform, to systematically evaluate both the capabilities and limitations of high-resolution IMS in resolving subtle structural differences. Initial studies demonstrated that, …

Karlester Young V. Kip Hallman

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 04.13.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Notre Dame Law School’s Second Death Penalty Abolition Week Deepens the Call for Justice, Redemption, and Human Dignity
• Eka Tkeshelashvili LL.M. ’01, Former Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, Delivers Lecture in New “Life After Notre Dame” Series
• Notre Dame Law Students Engage in Global Impact Through REEL Lab

Student News

• Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition: Notre Dame Law School team members are 3Ls Grace Elias, Camille Golowski, Mariko Jurcsak, Ava Moreno, and Mary Pat Peterson
• Gvantsa Dolbaia, JSD candidate
• Tyler Beamish, 1L
• Dennis Wiebolt, 3L

Faculty Briefs

• Sherif Girgis …

Adoptive Cell Therapies For Glioblastoma: A Quest For Cures From Within, Jia-Shiun Leu, Xin Ge, Charles Robin Yu, Guang Peng, Jiyong Liang

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive form of brain cancer recalcitrant to both current standard-of-care and immune checkpoint therapies that benefit other cancer patients. Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) using patients' own immune cells have long been explored as a treatment strategy, including the historically studied lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, the evolving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) directed immune cells, the newly emerging tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) therapies, and others. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promise but also highlighted significant challenges. In this review, we summarize these findings, highlight recent developments, discuss current limitations, and emphasize how ACT may benefit from …

Epistemic Pluralism, Open Inquiry, And Constructive Disagreement: Strengthening The 2029 Epas, Nafees Alam, Mary K. Twis, David R. Hodge, Naomi Farber, Pilar Horner, Heidi A. Rueda, Vicki Lens, Brett Drake

Social Work Faculty Publications

The Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE, 2026) shape not only curriculum and assessment, but also the intellectual formation and culture of the social work profession. As the accrediting framework for programs across the United States, the EPAS articulate the definition of competent practice and what constitutes a shared professional identity (Zuchowski, 2024). Yet accreditation standards necessarily do more than articulate competencies; they can also shape which perspectives are institutionally centered and normalized (Sue, 2010). Professional education operates not only through explicit curricular content, but through implicit norms governing what questions may …

Thematic Teaching Media Development For Counseling Guidance In Primary Schools: A Need Analysis

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

This research aimed to obtain comprehensive insights into the need for developing teaching media for elementary school counseling guidance. Using a descriptive quantitative approach supported by literature review and expert consultation, the study involved elementary school counseling guidance teachers. Data were presented and interpreted for generalization. The findings indicate a clear need for developing instructional materials in schools that teachers can apply through strategies or techniques tailored to interactive media and aligned with student characteristics. The study implies that interactive teaching materials are a vital learning resource for improving the student learning environment.

Evaluasi Terhadap Undang-Undang Pemilu Dan Peraturan Pelaksanaannya Kearah Penyempurnaan Sistim Pemilu, M. Riza Sihbudi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Racial Bias In Jury Selection: The Fundamental And Pragmatic Issues With Batson Challenges, Abigail Lindsey

Arkansas Law Review

In April of 2024, the District Attorney of Alameda County in California revealed evidence of “serious misconduct” by several prosecutors who oversaw a murder trial in 1993, in which the jury found a Black man guilty and sentenced him to death. The evidence of misconduct included the prosecutors’ trial notes. The notes that have been released suggest the prosecutors struck potential jurors from the jury pool because they were Jewish—the notes include: “I liked him better than any other Jew but no way.” The District Attorney is now looking into the county’s other death penalty cases, some of which took …

Eighteen Generations Of Uncertainty: Arkansas’S New Perpetuity Law Is “Contrary To The Genius Of A Republic”, Steven H. Jacobs

Arkansas Law Review

A drunk driver crashes his Lamborghini into a family sedan, killing the mother and brother and putting the sister in the hospital. The family gets a multi-million-dollar judgement, but they cannot collect––the wealthy drunk driver has no money of his own. All of his money and assets are protected from suit in a spendthrift dynasty trust left behind by his great-great-grandfather. He and his family are members of a new aristocratic class created by the downfall of the rule against perpetuities. The drunk driver first turned to alcohol after his inheritance requirements coerced him into leaving his life behind to …

In Defense Of The Ten Commandments In Public Spaces: An Analysis Based On The Supreme Court’S New Judicial Standard, Songfeng Li

Arkansas Law Review

On June 19, 2024, Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry signed legislation mandating the display of the Ten Commandments in all public K-12 schools and colleges in the state. On June 21, 2024, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick announced his intention to introduce a similar bill in the next legislative session that would require the display of the Ten Commandments in schools. Immediately after the Louisiana law’s enactment, a group of local parents with the help of multiple organizations filed a federal lawsuit seeking to block its implementation. As of today, the district court and appellate court have issued differing rulings. The …

Reasons For English Undergraduate Students To Plagiarize, Dwi Puji Septiarini, Muhammad Adnan Latief, Suharmanto Suharmanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

Plagiarism is associated with a form of research misconducts that falsify another's concepts, opinions, or words and recognize it as private property without giving proper citation of the original source. This article is a part of a larger study on English undergraduate students' attitude toward plagiarism which emphasize on the main reasons that might appear for doing plagiarism. This study was conducted at universities in Malang. The data comes from English undergraduate students' questionnaires. The result shows that the students present their confusion in determining their attitude toward plagiarism. This confusion were at least associated with two main reasons; external …

Do You Think You Own That Game You Just Bought? Think Again: The Degradation Of Ownership Rights In The Digital Age, Evan Schoop

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

The digital age has redefined ownership, particularly within the video game industry, where End User License Agreements (“EULAs”) and licensing models have eroded traditional consumer rights. This Comment examines how U.S. courts’ broad enforcement of clickwrap and shrinkwrap agreements, combined with evolving monetization models and unilateral contract modification practices, has shifted bargaining power decisively toward game publishers. Using Activision Blizzard’s 2024 EULA as a case study, the Comment illustrates how licensing terms can restrict access, limit legal recourse, and undermine reasonable consumer expectations despite substantial upfront purchases. The Comment then situates these practices within existing consumer protection frameworks and evaluates …

Separatism In Early Mexico, 1821-1846, Raul Ayala

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This project considers factors that contributed to Mexico’s territorial losses prior to the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. While Manifest Destiny indeed resulted in the largest loss of territory for Mexico, my research considers secessionism in considering alternative trajectories to Mexico’s territorial integrity in this time period. It becomes clear that multiple factors come into play other than American Manifest Destiny that spelled the inevitable separation of such states from the young Mexican Republic, including Yucatan, the Republic of the Rio Grande, Texas, and California. Previous works of scholarship, notably David Weber’s The Mexican Frontier, have been consulted in this …

The Eleventh Circuit And The Current State Of The Anti-Modification Provision, Lexton Garrett

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

This Note examines the Eleventh Circuit’s decision in Lee v. U.S. Bank National Association, where the court held that the “anti-modification” provision applies to mixed-use properties that are used for both commercial and residential purposes. The Eleventh Circuit’s decision in Lee created a federal circuit split, as both the First and Third Circuits held that the anti-modification provision does not apply to mixed-use properties. As detailed in this Note, the Eleventh Circuit came to the incorrect conclusion in this case because it incorrectly interpreted the text of the anti-modification provision. However, the Eleventh Circuit’s incorrect decision is not the …

Pre-Experiential Constraint Reconstruction: A Structural Account Of The Prior Layer In Dialogue With Jung, Griselda Poe

Publications and Research

Experiences commonly described as pre-experiential memory—such as immediate recognition, familiarity without prior exposure, and the sense of "already knowing"—are typically interpreted as the retrieval of stored content. However, this storage-based account does not provide a structurally consistent explanation of how such content is preserved prior to experience or reactivated in a form that aligns with present input.

This paper extends the three-layer cognitive architecture developed in prior work in this series (Poe, 2026n), in which cognition operates across Core processing, Modulation, and an operationally inaccessible Prior layer that supplies constraints to all processing.

This paper proposes an alternative account in …

Weaponizing Consumer Protection Laws, Uriel De La Rosa

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

State attorneys general (“AGs”) wield significant authority under consumer protection laws intended to safeguard the public from unfair and deceptive business practices. However, this authority is increasingly being used to target nonprofit organizations, interfering with their ability to control and utilize their property and resources effectively. By issuing vague and overly broad administrative subpoenas, AGs are overstepping their mandate, using their powers for politically motivated or retaliatory purposes that jeopardize nonprofits’ assets, donor funds, and operational resources. This Note examines recent cases, such as the Texas AG’s investigation of Annunciation House and the Washington AG’s scrutiny of the Second Amendment …

You Shall Not Pass: Historical Origins And Modern Solutions To Public-Private Land-Use Conflict, Alexander Dye

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

As increasing populations and competing interests have exacerbated the historic conflict between public and private interests in land, cooperation, as well as a potential shift in public policy, may need to be considered. But for these shifts to occur, any predicate that private property rights should be somehow stronger or more easily enforced than that of the public to access land owned by a state or the federal government should be challenged. This Comment will analyze the historical events that led to a significant shift in land ownership and use conflicts in the American West. The historical element will focus …

Alabama’S Ruling In Lepage: A Need To Classify Extrauterine Embryos As Property And Incentivize Stem Cell Research Through Regulatory Federal Legislation, Reagan Moser

Texas A&M Journal of Property Law

The tensions between scientific advancement and moral applications of legislation are at the political forefront of the polarizing nature of the United States. As the Supreme Court of the United States proceeds to forego stare decisis in different fields of the law, states have been delegated more power to implement restrictive laws. Notably, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Dobbs that laws regulating abortion are under the purview of state legislation. Subsequently, the Alabama Supreme Court held in LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine P.C. that frozen extrauterine embryos be given the constitutional guarantees of children—removing their …

Place Names And Presidential Control, Austin Kruse

Northwestern University Law Review

Since the start of his second term, President Trump has issued executive orders at an extraordinary pace, using them to advance a broader ideological agenda across the administrative state. While scholarly attention has largely focused on the most sweeping of these directives, less prominent orders raise similar concerns about the reach of presidential power. This Note examines one such order: Executive Order 14,172, which directs the renaming of the Gulf of Mexico and Denali and expands presidential influence over the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN).

Although geographic naming is ostensibly apolitical, place names are deeply entangled with questions of …

A Tale Of Two Credits: The Post-Nestlé Alien Tort Statute And Carbon Credit Externalities, Stephanie Mao

Northwestern University Law Review

As companies increasingly embrace carbon-neutrality commitments, many rely on the voluntary carbon market to offset their emissions rather than reduce them directly. Regulatory and consumer scrutiny has focused on the widespread use of “phantom” carbon credits, i.e., credits that fail to produce meaningful climate benefits. But less attention has been paid to what this Note terms “colonial” carbon credits: those that may technically reduce emissions but do so at the expense of communities abroad. These projects may contribute to land dispossession, human rights abuses, and threats to public and environmental health. Yet, current regulatory and legal frameworks, with their focus …

The Military Officer's Oath To Disobey Lawful But Unethical Orders, Joshua Braver

Northwestern University Law Review

How should a military officer respond to a lawful yet unethical order, unethical in the sense that it conflicts with their professional responsibilities? Army culture, scholarship, and doctrine regard officers as professionals, akin to doctors and lawyers, with expertise in the management of violence and a shared commitment to an ethical code. This code demands obedience to lawful orders to uphold civilian control of the military. But to protect against civilian misuse of the military, the code requires disobedience to unethical orders. Faced with a lawful but unethical order, the military officer is mired in a contradiction in which their …

Dual History Enhancement With Hybrid Hypergraph-Graph Networks For Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning, Kailun Ye, Xiangjie Kong, Yuchao Zhang, Xuan Wang, Linan Zhu, Jiaxin Du, Guojiang Shen, Jianxin Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning seeks to predict future events by analyzing historical data, where the effective leverage of both local and global historical facts proves crucial. Existing approaches employ graph neural networks (GNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for local evolution patterns, complemented by statistical methods to enhance attention to global facts, demonstrating efficient predictive capabilities. However, traditional GNNs, constrained by their low-order neighborhood aggregation design, inherently fail to model potential high-order dependencies among facts. Furthermore, existing global history modeling approaches may introduce irrelevant historical information that interferes with prediction tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a Dual …

Disproportionate Influence: Rethinking Control In American Corporate Governance, Dhruv Aggarwal, Ofer Eldar

Northwestern University Law Review

Corporate law has undergone a gradual transformation. Founding chief executive officers (“founder-CEOs”) and activist hedge funds increasingly dominate leading American corporations despite owning well short of a majority of shares. Founder-CEOs, through personal brands or dual-class voting structures, control firms despite having minority stakes; activist hedge funds, with single-digit holdings, press for major governance changes. We argue that these two types of shareholders, often treated as opposites, both dominate corporations through disproportionate influence rather than majority ownership. We describe these investors who dictate corporate policy through disproportionate influence as high-influence shareholders.

Delaware’s doctrinal response to high-influence shareholders has been inconsistent, …