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Development Measures For Slums Of Dhaka City : Case Study Area Korail Slum, Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia Apr 2026

Development Measures For Slums Of Dhaka City : Case Study Area Korail Slum, Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is extremely populated, unhygienic and environmentally degraded city. The growing number of population and environmental degradation are due to natural disaster and economic depression. As a result, the rate of urban poor is and producing huge pressure on urban lands, housing and infrastructure. Due to limited resources these poor people encroached open spaces, wetlands, vacant plots or even footpath for shelter. They don’t have any access to proper job market, healthcare facilities, education and sanitation either. These constraints are mostly resulted from the failures of the government in initiation proper policies and measures. Past …

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The Abstraction Of Architectural Heritage In Contemporary Local Architecture: Abstraction In Contemporary Iraqi Architecture, Sura Kassim, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Ali Moussa Hussein Apr 2026

The Abstraction Of Architectural Heritage In Contemporary Local Architecture: Abstraction In Contemporary Iraqi Architecture, Sura Kassim, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Ali Moussa Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Abstraction is used in architectural and interior design and is based on abstraction with formal values, taking into account the functional aspect of architecture. Architectural heritage represents the cultural value that directly affects successive generations, and embodies cultural values to reflect the social, economic and political aspect that contributes to the advancement of human civilization, and architectural heritage is the basis of architectural thought in societies that have unity. Cultural. He found that the concept of the philosophy of abstraction has multiple views, whether Western and local and dependent on the nature of cultural, social and environmental thought, and for …

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The Effect Of Music On The International Architectural Design Process Output, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Sana Ali Ibrahim Alobaidy Apr 2026

The Effect Of Music On The International Architectural Design Process Output, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Sana Ali Ibrahim Alobaidy

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Music has always had its generative role in building societies as one of the modern cultural basis. Arab Muslims had their own share of the music industry as Al Farabi divided melodies into delightful, imaginary & emotional; as Ibn Khadoon assured that civilizations fall as the music falls eventually, some declared that music can transfer a still painting to a musical, motionable or aesthetic view of expression. As music's role is increasing in fields, especially architecture, thus, the main problem comes about musical and architectural relationship, revealing the special case of composting architectural texture musically, & the research problem exposed …

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The Role Of Formal Characteristics In Harmony Townscape Holy City Of Najaf - Case Study, Asma Niazy Taher, Ali Mosa, Ahmad Hussain Al-Musawi Apr 2026

The Role Of Formal Characteristics In Harmony Townscape Holy City Of Najaf - Case Study, Asma Niazy Taher, Ali Mosa, Ahmad Hussain Al-Musawi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research deals with how to deal with the formal elements constituting the urban scene and its formal characteristics to achieve the phenomenon of harmony in urban centers through the construction of an integrated theoretical model for the phenomenon of ( harmony ) , it is determined through the basics and fundamentals of harmony and the main factors that depend on it and finding the values the formal characteristics of harmony and the degrees of harmony, and according to this perspective have been identified ,the major problem of the research is: the lack of clarity of the role of the …

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Urban Integration Of Historic Centers: Analytical Study Of The Factors Of Urban Integration At Al-Karkh Historic Center, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Mohammed Mahdi Hussein Apr 2026

Urban Integration Of Historic Centers: Analytical Study Of The Factors Of Urban Integration At Al-Karkh Historic Center, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Mohammed Mahdi Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Historic centers are considered one of the tangible forms of civilization in terms of depicting the extensions of the past. They form one of the intensively proposed controversies in the modern field in regard to the possibility of dealing with them, the objectives of development and conserving them as they represent the merge of the old and the new. This is manifested in the merger of contradictions and the changing value resulting from urban interference in order to link the historic centers with other parts of the city through linear streets that penetrate its urban structure and divide its urban …

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Daylight Design Graphs For Baghdad City Sky, Younis Saleem Apr 2026

Daylight Design Graphs For Baghdad City Sky, Younis Saleem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Baghdad city constitutes one of the areas have clear sky with complex and ununiform distribution of light in the sky dome. This was one of the explanations why there is few studies concern with daylighting design in clear skies, from there, this research oriented to devise a new method that can assist in achieving the appropriate levels of lighting for interior spaces. The aim of this research is tempted to find a method that can help designers in achieving the appropriate levels of daylight in architectural spaces with different forms and sizes. The annual distribution rate of daylight was calculated …

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The Role Of Multi Sensory Responsive Architecture In Forming Distinctness Imagesat Interior Spaces, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh Apr 2026

The Role Of Multi Sensory Responsive Architecture In Forming Distinctness Imagesat Interior Spaces, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The description of modern spaces is lacking in full range of sensory cues , which are not present in most modern spaces . They have also been neglected by designers, by not being consciously manipulated and by not allowing them to happen .There is currently an increased desire for sensory involvement for seeing, touching , smelling , hearing and feeling of kinesthetic – a desire for increased sensuality manifest in many fields , witch may permit architecture with multi sensory information, if only designers can take advantage . Research calls for the approach that embraces all human being senses and …

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Globlization And Its Effect On The Building System, Mazin Thafir Musa Apr 2026

Globlization And Its Effect On The Building System, Mazin Thafir Musa

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The Globalization has emerged and developed over several decides. This ideology which was set to constitutes the globe was not just to serve the world but to serve the entrusts of it’s believers for control and dominance. They’re for this ideology had to create anew world system, capable of constant reformation and changing. This new ideology made tools of technology, science, and economy as means have achieve it’s fundamental gals, no matter how these means have deferred and contradicted towards achieving the gals, they will seventhly serve the it’s main propose, which this comprehensive ideology seeks for. This contempory ideology …

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The Morphology Of The City Of Jerusalem And The Israeli Strategies To Judaize The City, Muamal Alaaaldeen Ibrahim Apr 2026

The Morphology Of The City Of Jerusalem And The Israeli Strategies To Judaize The City, Muamal Alaaaldeen Ibrahim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The Jewish state worked swiftly and effectively to erase and deny the Arab and Islamic past of Jerusalem, giving it a Jewish character within strategic plans at the regional level, encompassing Greater Jerusalem and the Old City. The Arabs failed to develop any plan to counter the Zionist scheme, and most Arab studies and research addressing the topic were historical, descriptive, and selective. This research examines the planning principles and urban references of Jerusalem, comparing them with other Arab and Islamic cities to refute Zionist claims regarding the origins and historical context of the holy city. The study reveals a …

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The Impact Of The Change Structural, Muamal Alaaaldeen Ibrahim, Badeaa Ali Mohammed Apr 2026

The Impact Of The Change Structural, Muamal Alaaaldeen Ibrahim, Badeaa Ali Mohammed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Architecture, like language, aims to convey meaning, and since no meaning comes out of it as a system, change becomes an inherent characteristic of it as one of the most important characteristics of any system... and from that, architecture changes from one period to another and its meaning changes. Events of change in architecture are associated with giving a role to the recipient in interpreting it, as its change simulates his intellectual ability when the mind is surprised by an architecture whose characteristics are not known in advance, which makes the recipient a participant of the creator in the process …

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Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko Apr 2026

Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

Following Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, twelve states enacted total abortion bans while simultaneously maintaining among the weakest gun safety laws in the nation. This Note explores the policy contradiction inherent in this approach: states invoking fetal life protection experience gun death rates substantially exceeding national averages, with firearms becoming the leading cause of death for children in these jurisdictions. The Note reveals how these states employ divergent strategies across two policy domains. Abortion restrictions receive vigorous enforcement through criminal statutes and private liability mechanisms, whereas gun regulations face …

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Abortion Bites Back: An Analysis Of Direct Democracy Efforts In A Post Dobbs-Era, Kathleen Darcy, Pamela Aronson, Lisa Martin, Sarah Chaban Apr 2026

Abortion Bites Back: An Analysis Of Direct Democracy Efforts In A Post Dobbs-Era, Kathleen Darcy, Pamela Aronson, Lisa Martin, Sarah Chaban

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

The legal landscape surrounding reproductive rights is in flux, and direct democracy is a method by which increasingly informed and connected citizen voters are able to skirt perceived slowmoving or biased legislatures. Myriad factors shape state-level referendums, including social movements that intersect with gender ideology to challenge or defend existing arrangements. Yet, we know little about referendum rhetorical framing as tied to successes or failures in this pivotal post-Dobbs era. We use a content analysis to look at the rhetoric in state-level ballot proposals on reproductive freedom that were put in front of voters after the Dobbs decision (2022–2024). We …

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Stop Preventing Prevention: Securing Minors' Access To Hiv Care, Sarah Steadman Apr 2026

Stop Preventing Prevention: Securing Minors' Access To Hiv Care, Sarah Steadman

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

A troubling state legislative trend is emerging, marked by regressive restrictions on minors’ sexual health care autonomy, which increases their risk of HIV infection. This trend aligns with the current political hostility towards access to reproductive health care, including minors’ access to contraceptives. Access to HIV preventive care may become collateral damage as politicized parental control legislation aims to roll back established norms that recognized the public health imperative of allowing minorsto independently consent to sexual health care, including HIV testing and treatment, thereby encouraging their uptake. This backsliding is occurring as rates of HIV infection among youth are unacceptably …

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Exploring Health Policy As A Critical Mechanism Of Expression Of Right-Wing Government Policy, Aleisha Martinez Sandoval Apr 2026

Exploring Health Policy As A Critical Mechanism Of Expression Of Right-Wing Government Policy, Aleisha Martinez Sandoval

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Global health policy has long been viewed as a “softer” arena of politics, driven by cooperation rather than competition. Unlike economics or defense, nations in this sphere have often set aside ideological differences to improve human well-being. Yet right-wing governments (RWGs) are increasingly redefining this space, transforming it from an international project of solidarity into a strategic platform for advancing core ideological commitments. In this thesis, I examine how healthcare has become a critical site where the foundational tenets of RWGs—hierarchy, tradition, market liberalism, sovereignty, law and order, and populist nativism—are vividly enacted and reinforced. What was once a domain …

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Executive Retrenchment: An Exploration Of Gender Identity Policy In The Second Trump Administration, Robert H. Cropp Apr 2026

Executive Retrenchment: An Exploration Of Gender Identity Policy In The Second Trump Administration, Robert H. Cropp

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

President Trump’s use of executive orders to influence federal policy regarding gender identity has primarily sought to undo existing rights and protections of transgender and gender non-conforming Americans put in place by previous Democratic administrations. These policies have been variably successful in their aims despite widespread resistance from interests supporting those existing policies. Scholars have discussed the role of institutional resistance in cases of policy retrenchment primarily through electoral mechanisms, but such discussions do not consider the role of the executive branch in policy retrenchment and its unique insulation from electoral feedback. This thesis centers those considerations in the case …

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Money And State Politics: State Legislature Partisan Dynamics And Ideology Outcomes Following Citizens United V. Fec, Jillian E. Pastore Apr 2026

Money And State Politics: State Legislature Partisan Dynamics And Ideology Outcomes Following Citizens United V. Fec, Jillian E. Pastore

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

What effect has Citizens United v. FEC had on state-level partisanship and the policy outcomes that follow from it? Scholarship on the influence of corporate and union spending in political campaigns has largely centered on federal elections. In this paper, I extend the analysis to the state level, leveraging the fact that Citizens United created a natural experiment across the states. Prior to the Supreme Court ruling, roughly half of the states prohibited corporate and union independent expenditures in state elections (including for governor, state senate, state house, and state supreme court races). The Citizens United decision effectively nullified these …

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Weaknesses Of Opponents, Strengths Of The Taliban: The Success Of The Taliban Insurgency, Isabella Ryan Apr 2026

Weaknesses Of Opponents, Strengths Of The Taliban: The Success Of The Taliban Insurgency, Isabella Ryan

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

How did the Taliban insurgency succeed in gaining control of the Afghan state in 2021 following the collapse of the Taliban regime in 2001? This paper argues that the Taliban’s success resulted from two key dynamics: the weaknesses of opponents and strengths of the Taliban. The Afghan State was undermined by governance failures including the 2004 Constitution, overcentralization, lack of rural governance, corruption, and a dependence on foreign aid. These internal weaknesses were compounded by international policy failures, including the Bonn Agreement, inconsistent counterinsurgency (COIN) and counterterrorism (CT) strategies, the failed peace process design embedded in the Doha Agreement, and …

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The Costs Of Selective Intervention: Why The Obama Administration Chose To Intervene In Libya Over Syria, Rayanne Attar Apr 2026

The Costs Of Selective Intervention: Why The Obama Administration Chose To Intervene In Libya Over Syria, Rayanne Attar

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This paper examines the Obama administration’s selective military intervention during the Arab Spring, comparing case studies of Libya and Syria. I argue that the decision for the Obama administration to militarily intervene in Libya but not Syria was justified because intervention in Syria was far more costly in terms of risks. In Libya, Qaddafi’s regime lacked strong external support, relied on dated military systems, and faced a fragmented opposition, making intervention politically feasible. In contrast, in Syria, Assad’s alliance with Russia and Iran, threatening air defense capabilities, and internal sociopolitical divisions made military action highly risky and unlikely to produce …

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Everybody Wants To Rule The World: How Ballistic Missile Defenses Can Reduce The Risk Of War, Aanya Ghosh Apr 2026

Everybody Wants To Rule The World: How Ballistic Missile Defenses Can Reduce The Risk Of War, Aanya Ghosh

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Debates over ballistic missile defense often assume that defensive capability inherently destabilizes deterrence by eroding mutual vulnerability. This article challenges that assumption by arguing that the strategic effects of missile defense are neither predetermined nor uniform. Limited and layered defensive systems generate two simultaneous pressures: stabilizing deterrence-by-denial effects against limited coercive threats and destabilizing uncertainty regarding long-term retaliatory viability. Which mechanism prevails depends not on defensive technology alone, but on policy design—specifically system scale, doctrinal framing, and integration within the broader offense-defense relationship. Drawing on classical deterrence theory, offense-defense scholarship, and contemporary analyses by Roberts, Wilkening, and Daalder, Goldgeier, and …

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Umcur 2026 Program Pdf Apr 2026

Umcur 2026 Program Pdf

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This program includes the schedule for oral presentations and posters.

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Constitutionalization Of The Right To Vote: The Necessity For Democracy, Hanmo Yang Apr 2026

Constitutionalization Of The Right To Vote: The Necessity For Democracy, Hanmo Yang

Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research

The Civic Debate Consortium is an intercollegiate debate conference dedicated to serving as a “hub of inspiration, innovation, education and civic engagement” (Civic Debate Consortium, n.d.) through productive dialogue. The Social Justice Debates are one of the consortium's competitive series, focused on discussing the distribution of wealth and resources in U.S. society. For the 2025-2026 debate season, debaters researched for or against the motion: “The United States should Constitutionalize the Right to Vote.” First affirmative speeches begin by defining the terms of the round, listing contentions to the argument, and then providing analysis to support the contentions. This paper serves …

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My Ada, Gary D. Oyster Dds Apr 2026

My Ada, Gary D. Oyster Dds

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Understanding And Mitigating The Threat Of Cyber-Crime Risk Management In The Digital Age, E. Andrew Gerner Apr 2026

Understanding And Mitigating The Threat Of Cyber-Crime Risk Management In The Digital Age, E. Andrew Gerner

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Transmission Pathways And Critical Practices Of Ethical Literary Criticism In Malaysia: A Case Study Of Florence Kuek’S An Ethical Literary Criticism Of Han Suyin’S Autobiography: Braving Irrationality, Hongxia Zheng, Liangqiao Zhang Apr 2026

Transmission Pathways And Critical Practices Of Ethical Literary Criticism In Malaysia: A Case Study Of Florence Kuek’S An Ethical Literary Criticism Of Han Suyin’S Autobiography: Braving Irrationality, Hongxia Zheng, Liangqiao Zhang

Kritika Kultura

This study investigates how Ethical Literary Criticism—a Chinese-originated theoretical paradigm developed by Nie Zhenzhao—has been transmitted to, localized within, and advanced by the Malaysian scholarly community. Drawing on archival research, bibliometric surveying, and close reading, the article first reconstructs a multi-layered network of transmission pathways that includes returning Malaysian post-graduates from Chinese universities, the importation of foundational Ethical Literary Criticism texts, sustained coverage in bi-lingual academic journals, and participation in international conferences such as those organized by the International Association for Ethical Literary Criticism. It then analyzes the reception of Ethical Literary Criticism in Malaysia, showing how scholars adapt core …

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Landlocked: The Igorot Ili In The Cordillera Regional Autonomy Pageants, Jose Kervin Calabias Apr 2026

Landlocked: The Igorot Ili In The Cordillera Regional Autonomy Pageants, Jose Kervin Calabias

Kritika Kultura

The present essay intervenes in the resurgent discussions on Cordillera regional autonomy by relocating “autonomy” as it is showcased in the 2023 pageant “Search for Mr. and Ms. Cordillera Autonomy Youth Ambassador” (CAYA). This government-organized pageant simulates the simultaneously isolating and relational understanding of islands through the ili, an Indigenous form of self-governance, embodied by the youth “ambassadors” in the pageant. Through cultural analysis of the pageant space, contestant self-introductions, posters, and attires in the pageant, I argue that these minor agents of autonomy perform oratorical negotiations that uplift each of their ili’s alleged “self-sufficiency” to appeal to the government’s …

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“We Malaysian” Or “We Chinese”?: Navigating Archipelagic Negative Affects In Jason Leong’S Anglophone Stand-Up Comedy, Harry Shi, Sophie Xu Apr 2026

“We Malaysian” Or “We Chinese”?: Navigating Archipelagic Negative Affects In Jason Leong’S Anglophone Stand-Up Comedy, Harry Shi, Sophie Xu

Kritika Kultura

In this article, we argue that negative affects play crucial roles in shaping the identity of Malaysian Chinese within the context of Anglophone stand-up comedy. While prior studies on stand-up comedy have largely focused on individual affects such as shame or anger, little attention has been paid to the relational and synergistic dynamics of negative affects, particularly within racialized and postcolonial contexts. To address this gap, we conceptualize stand-up comedy as an affective arena, which allows for a nuanced examination of enduring social issues in Malaysia around conflicts and disparities in race and culture. To this end, we adopt an …

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An Island Adrift, Jinhyoung Lee Apr 2026

An Island Adrift, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

This essay addresses Korean islanders who were produced and disregarded by Japanese colonialism as colonial wasted lives under the Japanese colonial regime on the Korean Peninsula by examining Se-dŏk Ham’s drama “Mui-do Gihaeng” through a conjunction of Zygmunt Bauman’s conception of wasted humans and Giorgio Agamben’s discussion of Auschwitz. As an inevitable and inseparable outcome of the colonial order-building process— particularly in Korean marine territory—colonial wasted lives, rendered disenfranchised and excluded, inhabit a marginal island in the West Sea, where they seek only survival under the constant risk of death, thereby engendering the routinization of death. This condition enables their …

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Post-Anthropocentric Relations Unbound: Affirmative Ethics Of Loneliness In Children’S Robinsonades, Chengcheng You Apr 2026

Post-Anthropocentric Relations Unbound: Affirmative Ethics Of Loneliness In Children’S Robinsonades, Chengcheng You

Kritika Kultura

Informed by critical island studies, loneliness studies and posthumanist thought, with a particular emphasis on Rosi Braidotti’s propositions of affirmative ethics and zoe, this study focuses on children’s Robinsonades, specifically Scott O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins (1960) and Peter Brown’s The Wild Robot (2016), to examine how the isolation setting intensifies characters’ experiences of loneliness in a productive tension with the island’s abundant ecological responsiveness. It delves into the shift in loneliness from negative to affirmative, and its narrative potential for crafting a posthuman condition in which the recognition of zoe elicits post-anthropocentric relations. Through intersectional theoretical lenses, loneliness …

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Introduction: Waves Of Emotion: Theorizing Archipelagic Affects, Jeremy De Chavez Apr 2026

Introduction: Waves Of Emotion: Theorizing Archipelagic Affects, Jeremy De Chavez

Kritika Kultura

This essay introduces this issue’s Forum Kritika on Waves of Emotion: Theorizing Archipelagic Affects which gathers representative papers presented at the Critical Island Studies Colloquium held at the University of Macau in April 2024. It begins with a reflection on the concept of archipelagic affects by first moving affects and emotions beyond the confines of continental thought and then resituating them within an archipelagic frame attuned to colonial histories, diasporic routes, and Indigenous epistemologies, while emphasizing relationality over totality, opacity over mastery, and multiplicity over singularity. To honor that shift, this essay abandons the conventional introductory responsibilities of framing and …

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Beyond Romance: Feminist Imagination Of Intimacy In Female-Centered Mengnü (Dream Girl) Fan-Fiction On Chinese Social Media, Gemma Yantao Sun Apr 2026

Beyond Romance: Feminist Imagination Of Intimacy In Female-Centered Mengnü (Dream Girl) Fan-Fiction On Chinese Social Media, Gemma Yantao Sun

Kritika Kultura

This article examines female-centered mengnü fan-fiction emerging on the Chinese social media platform Xiaohongshu as a feminist recontextualization of heteronormative romantic narratives. Unlike conventional mengnü fiction, which centers on male protagonists and heterosexual desire, these storiettes center female celebrities and intimacies between women. Drawing on frameworks of post-romantic culture and feminist criticism, this article read texts of this new genre through two dimensions. First, it examines how these narratives articulate emotionally intense yet ambiguous relationships. From these emerge nomadic, non-binary, and nonteleological forms of intimacy that resist fixed binary categories. Second, the study investigates how these fantasies of nomadic intimacy …

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