Digital Commons Network^™

Utilization Of Pensi Shell Waste As Hydroxyapatite Composite With Biopolymer From Shrimp Shell And Peg And Its Application, Novesar Jamarun, Nabiila Ayyu Trycahyani, Upita Septiani, Vivi Sisca, Muhammad Refki Novesar, Sri Mulya

Baghdad Science Journal

This study focuses on the synthesis, structural analysis and antibacterial properties of a composite comprising hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan (CTS). CTS was extracted from shrimp shells, and CaO for Hap was obtained from pensi shell. These composites were synthesized using the sol-gel method in situ by varying the concentrations of PEG (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) and CTS (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%). The synthesized composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA-DTA analyses, and their antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. The HAp-PEG-Chitosan composite with 5% chitosan and 10% PEG was identified as the …

Isolation And Identification Of Airborne Bacteria Within The University Of Baghdad Campus, Iraq By Using 16s Rrna Gene Technique, Shahad Emad Muheisen, Israa Mohsin Jasim, Fouad K. Mashee Al-Ramahi

Baghdad Science Journal

This study aimed to identify and classify airborne bacteria in outdoor air within the campus of the University of Baghdad, Iraq, using the passive sampling technique. Air samples were collected from ten sites and analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. The results revealed significant seasonal differences in both microbial and particulate matter concentrations. Bacterial concentrations were considerably higher during the wet season, with 3238.6 CFU/m³ compared to the dry season, with 1872.6 CFU/m³. PM2.5 levels averaged 47.58 μg/m³ in the wet season and declined to 11.33 μg/m³ in the dry season, while PM10 …

Corey Kendig V. Nicholas Stolar

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Sociology 250: Racial And Ethnic Communities In The United States Syllabus, Minglei Zhang

Open Educational Resources

This Open Educational Resources (OER) syllabus for SOC 250: Racial and Ethnic Communities in the United States provides a no-cost, adaptable framework for examining the sociological dimensions of race, ethnicity, and power in American society. The course is organized thematically across four modules, progressing from foundational concepts of race as a social construct through analyses of institutions, inequality, and historical movements for social change. Drawing on diverse theoretical perspectives including intersectionality, critical race theory, and racial formation theory, this OER syllabus emphasizes critical thinking, analytical writing, and evidence-based inquiry. All course materials, including academic readings, documentaries, podcasts, and digital resources, …

Risk Of Alzheimer Dementia After High-Dose Vs Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccination, Avram Samuel Bukhbinder, Yaobin Ling, Lauren Jhin, Elizabeth He, Kristofer Harris, Mya Rodriguez, Jenna Thomas, Gabriela Cruz, Kamal Phelps, Yejin Kim, Luyao Chen, Xiaoqian Jiang, Paul E Schulz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and objectives: Previous studies, including large cohort analyses comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated adults, suggest that routine immunizations such as inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) may reduce Alzheimer dementia (AD) risk. Whether AD risk differs after high-dose IIV (H-IIV) vs standard-dose IIV (S-IIV) remains unexamined. We hypothesized that AD risk would be lower among adults ≥65 years after H-IIV compared with S-IIV.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data spanning 2014-2019 from IQVIA PharMetrics Plus for Academics, a US health care claims database. Eligible participants were ≥65 years with ≥2 years of continuous medical and pharmaceutical coverage and no previous diagnostic …

Quantifying Evapotranspiration From The Wetlands In The Peripheral Area Between The Most Downstream Stream Gages And The Open Water Body Of The Great Salt Lake, Motasem S. Abualqumboz, David G. Tarboton

Publications

Study region: The eastern peripheral area between the most downstream stream gages and the open water body of the Great Salt Lake (GSL), located in northern Utah within the semiarid western United States (US). 

Study focus: As GSL levels decline, the eastern peripheral area is expanding, exposing former lakebed, much of which has transitioned into natural and managed wetlands. Evapotranspiration (ET) from these wetlands consumes water that would otherwise reach the open-water lake body, yet these losses remain poorly quantified and directly affect the GSL water balance. This study compares a water-balance-based ET estimate for the wetlands in the peripheral …

Expedited Internet Bypass Protocol (Eibp) For Inter-As Routing, Tejas Ramakant Mhadgut

Theses

Inter-AS link failures in conventional routing architectures are recovered through a combination of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) hold-timer expiry, Link State Advertisement (LSA) flooding, and network-wide Forwarding Information Base (FIB) recomputation, a process that produces data plane outages measurable in seconds and affects every routing node in the involved Autonomous Systems (AS) regardless of topological relevance. This report presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a failure recovery mechanism for Expedited Internet Bypass Protocol (EIBP), a label-based routing protocol in which forwarding decisions are derived from structured tier addresses rather than distributed routing tables. The implemented mechanism comprises three components: …

Prenatal Care Access And Pregnancy Outcomes Among Black Women Ages 15–44 In Cook County, Illinois, Deandrea Heggins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Maternal health disparities affecting Black women in the United States remain a persistent public health concern due to inequities in prenatal care access and adverse birth outcomes. Prior research has shown that socioeconomic conditions, insurance coverage, and systemic barriers influence prenatal care utilization and maternal outcomes; however, limited research has examined how Medicaid coverage, household income, preterm birth, and birth weight are collectively associated with prenatal care access among Black women in Cook County, Illinois. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationships among these factors and access to prenatal care among Black women ages 15–44 …

Pelaksanaan Azas·Azas Pemilu Dalam Undang-Undang Pemilu (Studi Kasus Dki Jakarta Tahun 1987), Abdu! Bari Azed

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Menanti Lahirnya Undang-Undang Pinjaman Luar Negeri, Yuli Indrawati

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Mahkamah Kriminal Internasional Untuk Bekas Rwanda Dan Yugoslavia Ditinjau Dari Segi Hukum Internasional Publik, Sri Setianingsih Suwardi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Mereposisi Hubungan Yudikatif Dengan Eksekutif Dan Legislatif Dalam Konteks Amandemen Uud 1945, Abdul Bari Azed

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Pembatasan Hak Presiden Untuk Menuangkan Kebijakannya Melalui Pembuatan Keppres, Heri Tjandrasari

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Efektivitas Dan Reorientasi Sistem Pendidikan Dalam Menciptakan Aparat Penegak Hukum Yang Terpercaya Dan Profesional, M. Hamdan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Peranan Ketentuan More Valuable Right (Mfr) Pasal Vii (I) Dalam Pelaksanaan Konvensi New York 1958, Tineke Tuegeh Longdong

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Beyond Symptoms: A Narrative Counseling Interpretation Of First-Year Student Anxiety In Indonesian Higher Education, Azizah Abdullah, Rizky Andana Pohan, Ramtia Darma Putri, Triyono Triyono, Marimbun Marimbun, Rahmi Dwi Febriani

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

The transition to higher education is a critical period in which first-year students face new academic demands, financial pressures, social adjustment challenges, and uncertainty about the future. However, limited research has examined how freshmen make sense of and narrate their anxiety, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to explore the main domains of anxiety among first-semester students in Indonesian public universities and to interpret these experiences through a narrative counseling lens. The study employed a qualitative online survey design with an interpretivist orientation. Data were collected from 199 first-semester students through open-ended questions addressing anxiety-provoking situations, sources of …

Masalah-Masalah Kewarganegaraan Dalam Konteks Perubahan Uu Tentang Kewarganegaraan Ri, Abdul Bari Azed

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Penerapan Lembaga "Rechtsverwerking” Untuk Mengatasi Kelemahan Sistem Publikasi Negatif Dalam Pendaftaran Tanah, Arie S. Hutagalung

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Perbandingan Hukum Dan Pendidikan Hukum, Wahyono Darmabrata

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Jeda Kemanusian, Implementasi Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Sulaiman Sulaiman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Sengketa Bersenjata Non Internasional, Sulaiman Sulaiman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Reformasi Uud 1945 Melalui Konvensi Ketatanegaraan, Mura P. Hutagalung

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Assessing Awareness, Understanding And Adoption Of Smart Buildings In Algeria: From Architects’ Perspectives, Asma Aribi, Karima Anouche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In recent years, smart buildings have been revolutionizing the construction industry through their potential to enhance energy efficiency, improve occupant comfort and safety, and promote sustainability in the built environment. Nevertheless, despite growing adoption in developed countries, implementation in developing nations, particularly Algeria, remains limited. A major barrier is the lack of awareness among architects regarding the benefits and technical aspects of these systems. This study aims to evaluate Algerian architects’ awareness and understanding of smart buildings. A mixed-methods approach was applied, beginning with a literature review to establish the theoretical framework, followed by a quantitative survey involving 134 practicing …

Study Of The Durability Of Mozabite Vernacular Architecture In Its Current State Through The Principle Of Contextualisation: Case Study Of The Beni-Isguen Ksar, Ghardaïa, Algeria, Samia Ouaal, Karima Anouche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The study aims to assess how current Mozabite vernacular houses fit into their spatio-temporal context, focusing on the Beni-Isguen ksar in Ghardaïa, Algeria. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mozabite architecture once embodied ecological and sustainable housing, perfectly adapted to its environment. However, transformations intended to ensure durability have raised questions about contextualization, a core principle in sustainable development. Using a multi-method approach—comprising fieldwork, interviews, photographs, and observations of architecture and lifestyle—the study examined contextualization through a multidimensional grid that encompassed physical, environmental, social, cultural, economic, and historical aspects. Results indicate that while these dwellings preserve strong physical, cultural, …

Rethinking Baghdadi Coffee Shops And Their Sustainability Through Digital Technology, Vian Abd Al-Baseer M. Hasan, Enas Salim, Enas Ali Salman

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Baghdadi Coffee Shops have been a foundation for building interconnected social and cultural relationships over time and have been considered spatial behavioural patterns that express the culture of Baghdadi society. The current research focuses on integrating emerging digital technology into their physical structure to keep pace with life's developments and changes, raising the following question: "What are the transformations that Baghdadi Coffee Shops are witnessing as a result of emerging digital technology, and what is its impact on their sustainable role?" To answer this question, the research adopted an analytical approach that included revealing the architectural features of the transformations …

Revitalizing Heritage: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Urban Development In Old Cities, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi, Mufeed Ehsan Shok, Maria Abreu

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Old cities embody rich cultural and architectural heritage but face challenges in balancing preservation with sustainable urban development. This study examines common challenges and opportunities in achieving sustainability in historic cities through a comparative thematic analysis, synthesizing insights from global literature and expert interviews. A qualitative approach was employed, consisting of a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with several experts in urban planning, conservation, and policy. The findings identify four key challenges: restrictive preservation policies, financial constraints, social tensions from tourism-driven gentrification, and environmental vulnerabilities. However, opportunities include adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, community-led sustainability initiatives, and policy innovations …

Analysis Of Slums In The City Of Taiz: A Case Study Of The Kalabah And Osifra Areas, Ahmed E Abdulqawi, Maher Abdulqawi Sultan

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The informal settlements in Taiz, such as Kalabah and Osifra, present significant challenges to urban development in Yemen. This study examines the conditions of these neighbourhoods in terms of infrastructure, socio-economic factors, and urban planning while addressing the obstacles to their improvement. Utilizing field studies and data analysis, it seeks to understand the factors behind the emergence and persistence of these settlements. It evaluates the impact of government policies and local initiatives in tackling this issue. The study advocates for sustainable strategies to enhance the quality of life in these areas through improved urban planning, infrastructure development, and access to …

The Role Of Aporia In The Production And Reading Of Architectural Texts, Ghusoon Najm Abdulzahra, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The concept of Aporia has been explored from various perspectives and epistemological frameworks in critical and rhetorical studies, particularly in analyzing and theorizing architectural texts. This research delves into Aporia and its related aspects across various fields of knowledge, examining how it can be employed as an intellectual framework for both producing and interpreting architectural texts. It is closely tied to the concept of the creative text and its perception through a series of semiotic processes aimed at understanding and interpreting meanings, enhancing knowledge, and uncovering latent meanings within the text. The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methodology …

The Impact Of Modernism On Contemporary Erbil Architecture, Ashna Abdulqader Hussein, Nassir Sabat Sani

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This study focuses on the impact of Modernism on contemporary architecture in Erbil, a city with a history dating back to the fifth millennium B.C. Emphasizing the historical significance of the central ancient citadel and its ties to the third family of the Sumerian empire and transformative Assyrian conquests, the research intricately navigates the discourse surrounding modernist architecture and its effects on Erbil's identity. Using an evaluative lens, it discerns how contemporary architectural trends have influenced the city's historical buildings, urban planning, and local environment. Through a descriptive and interpretive methodology, the study unveils the intricacies of Erbil's architectural transition, …

Evaluating The Open Design Strategy In Promoting Urban Interconnection Of New City Centers In Baghdad, Inaam Qassem Abdullah, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Morphological or typological transformations and changes within cities led to new cities with rules disconnected from the center of the existing city, both intellectually and physically. These rules prevented the master plan areas from interconnecting with each other.  This research aims to achieve urban interconnection between new and existing city centers within a unified and cohesive design by relying on the most important design and planning strategies and mechanisms. The research begins by defining the open design strategy and its importance as a research topic. Then, we reviewed and discussed a group of studies through which the research problem was …