Digital Commons Network^™

The International Perception Of The Irish Republican Army And Chechen Insurgency, Henry Forteith

The Ozark Historical Review

The purpose of this article is to explain how acts of violence influenced the media’s description of the Irish Republican Army and Chechen insurgencies and how the label of ‘terrorist’ affected the perception of the Anglo-Irish and Russo-Chechen conflicts. Quantitative data from the New York Times and International Newsstream databases are used to examine the change in word frequency to describe the IRA and Chechen fighters across a twelve-year span and four-month span before and after certain international events.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among U.S. Medical Residents In High-Exposure-Risk Specialties – A National Study, Madison Oxford, Christina Stetter, Arpit Dave

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background. HPV vaccination is not required for the United States (U.S.) medical residents, despite their potentially high risk of iatrogenic exposure to the virus. We aim to evaluate vaccination status, patterns of HPV vaccine uptake, and perceived risk of iatrogenic infection among residents in high-exposure-risk specialties.

Methods. In spring 2023, an anonymous online survey was distributed via program directors and coordinators of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited Obstetrics & Gynecology, Family Medicine, Otolaryngology, and Dermatology training programs to assess residents’ vaccination status, HPV exposure, and HPV vaccine knowledge.

Results. Responses from 537 residents at programs located in …

Dual-Purpose Communications And The Modern Attorney's Need For Circuit Court Uniformity, Kipp Garrett

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

In January 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in In re Grand Jury regarding the proper and applicable test to determine whether attorney-client privilege can be invoked in dual-purpose communications between a business and its legal counsel. Attorneys across the country were hoping the Court would provide an answer, ending the three-way circuit split concerning the appropriate test. Unfortunately, the Court ultimately dismissed certiorari as “improvidently granted” without an explanation. As a result, there are three major tests that federal courts use to decide whether communications between businesses and their legal counsel are protected: …

Cruel, As Usual: Application Of The Eighth Amendment To The Use Of Juvenile Criminal Records In Higher Education Admissions, Rabab Alajmi

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

This Note addresses the systemic barrier to societal reintegration faced by juvenile offenders applying to enroll in higher education. Specifically, this Note will examine whether, in light of the Fifth Circuit’s recent Hopkins v. Hosemann decision, Eighth Amendment protections against cruel and unusual punishments should be extended to college applicants with juvenile criminal records who have completed their sentences. This Note argues that the Eighth Amendment reasoning in the Hopkins decision should be applied to higher education institutions who consider an applicant’s juvenile criminal record where the applicant has already completed their sentence. While the Hopkins decision concerned “the …

Vestigial Fiscal Constitutions, Joe Schomberg

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

This Article examines the history and original intent of fiscal constitutions in the United States, providing helpful context for their usefulness today. It argues that, due to the rigidity of states’ fiscal constitutions, they are ultimately ineffective at preventing state and local governments from incurring more and more debt. Ultimately, it suggests that the weakness of state fiscal constitutions is a result of their functionality being overtaken by increased efficiencies in the capital markets and Tiebout-Tullock markets. Our state fiscal constitutions have suffered the same fate as our wisdom teeth or appendixes—they have become less useful and less relied …

"Intolerable" Inquiries, Zachary R. Cormier

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

A growing majority of courts have broadly accepted travel-plan questions (and their follow-up questions) as a qualifying category of traffic-mission inquiries under Rodriguez, leaving officers with a clear pathway from pretextual traffic stop—to extended discussion about vehicle occupant activities outside the traffic violation—to drug dog sniff—to vehicle search. A closer analysis of Rodriguez, however, precludes such passage through the heart of its traffic-mission rule. This Article will demonstrate that travel-plan questioning cannot qualify alongside the roadway safety checks identified by Rodriguez in its traffic-mission inquiry list because such checks provide direct information about another safety-related traffic violation …

Table Of Contents

St. John's Law Review

No abstract provided.

Human-Machine Communication: Complete Volume. Volume 11

Human-Machine Communication

This is the complete volume of HMC Volume 11.

Disentangling (Hybrid) Trustworthiness Of Communicative Generative Ai As Intermediary For Science-Related Information—Results From A Qualitative Interview Study, Evelyn Jonas, Esther Greussing, Monika Taddicken

Human-Machine Communication

The increasing prevalence of communicative Generative AI, such as ChatGPT, highlights their transformative potential for science communication while raising critical questions about users’ trust in these systems conveying science-related information. As perceptual hybrids these agents challenge traditional notions of trustworthiness, and it remains unclear to whom or what users refer to as the object of trust. This qualitative interview study integrates dimensions from human-machine and epistemic trustworthiness within a hybrid framework, complemented by a descriptive source orientation model. It highlights that trustworthiness assessments can extend beyond a chatbot’s interface, emphasizing the perceived salience of its underlying infrastructure, developers, and organizations. …

Generative Artificial Intelligence And Collaboration: Exploring Religious Human-Machine Communication And Tensions In Leadership Practices, Pauline Hope Cheong, Liming Liu

Human-Machine Communication

The adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) applications has bolstered efforts toward human-machine collaboration. Given the lag in research on AI and religion, this study examines how pastors engage GAI to develop religious human-machine communication practices that constitute their leadership. Findings from in-depth interviews with pastors in the U.S. reveal that they view GAI as an idea generator, research assistant, co-author and translator. Clergy enact multiple ways to incorporate GAI communication in religious education and to enhance sermonic performances. Concurrently, pastors perceive tensions between innovation and established rites, as they contend with the authenticity and spiritual depth of GAI content …

Use Matters: How Different Ways Of Using Chatgpt Drive Ai Acceptance And Solutionism, Florian Golo Flaßhoff, Fabian Anicker, Frank Marcinkowski

Human-Machine Communication

Artificial intelligence is central to solutionism—the vision of a world where all major problems are solved through technology. This study theorizes about how human–AI communication shapes attitudes toward AI and influences the formation of public opinion, sparking solutionist imaginaries. We empirically examine the attitude formation resulting from the non-simulated use of an unmanipulated conversational model in a controlled laboratory experiment. Using a between-subjects design, participants engaged in three semi-structured 20-minute sessions with ChatGPT, providing a novel perspective on the effects of its use. The findings reveal that mere use of ChatGPT causally increases AI acceptance; however, its impact significantly depends …

How Can Indigenous Peoples Be Meaningfully Integrated Into National Climate Decision Making Processes?, Shahd Wael

COP30

Indigenous people manage significant global terrestrial surface while simultaneously guarding around 80% of the world's biodiversity (With methodological uncertainty), despite only comprising a small fraction of the global population.Their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) supports essential climate solutions and helps in the adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. A significant depth of injustice, however, and security risk in the existing climate governance mechanisms is pronounced given that less than 1% of direct global climate finance is allocated to indigenous peoples. This policy paper argues that a transformational paradigm shift needs to take place for global climate action to be effective, …

Realities Of Mexican Civil Society Organizations: Index For The Promotion Of Activities Of Civil Society Organizations, Pablo Armando Gonzalez Ulloa Aguirre

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

This article presents the findings derived from the construction of an Index that evaluates the state of promotion of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) across Mexico’s 32 federal entities during the year 2021. It also outlines the criteria considered in building the Index and the results obtained in each of its dimensions. The Index provides a comprehensive and multidimensional perspective on the study of CSO promotion, analyzing legal, institutional, and programmatic dimensions with the aim of comparing progress and setbacks in this area. In doing so, it offers an opportunity to improve certain aspects as more data is generated and made …

Property Rights In The Face Of Historic Injustice, Bas Van Der Vossen, Fabian Wendt

Philosophy Faculty Articles and Research

It seems natural to adopt a historical approach when it comes to property titles: When property titles have a clean history, they are to be respected as a matter of justice; when they do not have a clean history, for example, in cases of prior theft, they must be returned to the original owners or their descendants. But the historical approach has serious drawbacks. This paper presents an alternative. Starting from the idea that property rights must be stable, we offer an account of why historic injustices sometimes do, but sometimes do not, undermine current titles. This account offers a …

Formalizing Judicial Accountability And Advancing Ecocide Law At Cop30, Ratania Edawi

COP30

The escalating climate crisis increasingly intersects with profound issues of justice, human rights, and planetary survival, bringing urgency to the concept of ecocide. Despite mounting ecological degradation, transnational corporate actors frequently evade accountability, often shielded by mechanisms like Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) systems that prioritize profit over people and the planet. This policy paper argues for the formalization of judicial accountability in global climate governance and the advancement of ecocide law under international frameworks. It highlights the critical role of the judiciary in safeguarding environmental and human rights, particularly in the face of political inertia. Building on the ethical imperative …

Addressing The Abuse Of Monopsony Power In Labor Markets: Examining Potential Public And Civil Law Remedies And Sanctions, Zofia M. Mazur

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

Although thousands of reported cases involve allegations of firms illegally forming cartels in product markets, relatively few deal with similar allegations in labor markets. Moreover, as observed in legal doctrine, labor markets tend to be more concentrated than product markets and, consequently, more susceptible to anticompetitive conducts by undertakings. The article, therefore, analyzes the so-called monopsony power in the labor market, which refers to any case where employers hold labor market power that allows them to unilaterally determine wages or to worsen working conditions by reducing employment.

It is argued that competition law should be used to effectively curb abuse …

Enhancing Methods For Research On Cannabis: A Workshop Report, Jonathan Samet, Jessica Barrington-Trimis, Lisa Bero, Ashley Brooks-Russell, Meghan Buran, Julia Dilley, Darin Erickson, Marilyn Huestis, Kent Hutchison, Thomas Jeanne, Michael Kosnett, David Kroll, Stephen Lankenau, Richard Miech, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Paula Riggs, Neeloofar Soleimanpour, Steven Teutsch, Gregory Tung, George Sam Wang

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

AIMS: Progressive legalization of medical and recreational cannabis markets at the state-level has led to rapid growth of medical and recreational cannabis markets and to product diversification with emerging products having high concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Research on these products is still limited and the evidence available for policy formulation is diminished by methodological limitations.

METHODS: As a step towards addressing these limitations, the Colorado School of Public Health convened a multidisciplinary workshop that addressed four areas of cannabis research: epidemiological, clinical, surveillance, and policy. Workshop participants provided recommendations in each area to advance research on cannabis to make it more …

Joseph Slack V. Robert Mchugh

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

September 29 Elections, Census & Redistricting Update, Jeffrey M. Wice

Elections, Census & Redistricting Updates

No abstract provided.

Chimes: September 29, 2025, Calvin University

Chimes

Calvin's international population remains high amid uncertainty by Ashley Hamons

Calvin celebrates 150 years with homecoming weekend by Ellery Johnson

When it rains it pours: Torrential rains bring flooding around campus by Maya Oeverman & McKenna Wilkinson

"Pioneers": Calvin's Triathlon team leaves lasting legacy after being cut by Zach Kern & Hendrik Beelen

Explainer: Creeds, Confessions and what they mean for Calvin by Joe Toly

An Analysis Of Sentences Error In Business Email Writing Of Thai Efl Students, Chayakorn Sutakote, Khomsin Sarntong, Pongsatorn Pawabutra

Journal of Education Studies

This research aimed to 1) examine and classify types of sentence errors in business email writing produced by students, and 2) analyze the frequency, ranking, and percentage distribution of sentence errors identified in business email writing of students. The study analyzed 192 business emails with content focusing on inquiries, requests for action, information exchange, and scheduling/confirming appointments. The research instruments employed were 1) a collection form for email writing samples from students and 2) an assessment form for error classification. Data analysis used an adapted framework from Corder (1974) and Gass et al. (2013), implementing a systematic four-stage process including …

The Inaccessibility Of Nonprofit Organizations Data In Sub-Saharan Africa, Barnabas Suva, Robert Bhero

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

This article presents initial findings from a research study on nonprofit data across countries, focusing on the accessibility of nonprofit organizations in 49 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, following thorough research of accessibility data from nonprofit organizations, regulatory bodies, and nonprofit websites. Only 12% of countries maintain a functional public nonprofit organization database, and even fewer provide detailed, searchable registries. While 94% of countries legally grant nonprofit organizations tax exemption, mandatory reporting obligations are often not paired with public access, thereby weakening accountability. These findings situate data inaccessibility as an agency problem where principals (donors, policymakers, communities) lack sufficient information to …

Special Edition: Full Issue - Research For Practice, September 2025, Angie Holzer, Erica Bassett

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Usa V. Jeffrey Rogers

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Crow's Nest, September 29, 2025, Crow's Nest Staff

Crow's Nest

The September 29, 2025 issue of the Crow's Nest.

Joint Motion For Limited Relief From Stay To Remove Sex Abuse Cases

Catholic Dioceses in Bankruptcy

No abstract provided.

Addressing Graduation Disparities: Double-Dose Algebra As A Catalyst For Success Among Economically Disadvantaged Learners, Tracy Matozzo

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the impact of a double-dose algebra intervention (DDAI) on the academic achievement of economically disadvantaged learners (EDLs) in a suburban New Jersey high school. Algebra, recognized as a gatekeeper course for graduation and postsecondary opportunities, was the focal point for targeted instructional reform. Using a quasi-experimental design, outcomes for EDLs enrolled in the DDAI were compared with peers in traditional algebra classes across three cohorts. Findings showed that EDLs in the treatment group achieved higher passing rates in Algebra I and demonstrated stronger attendance patterns than the control groups, though standardized test score improvements were modest. Survey …

Defederalizing Opioid Addication Care, Matthew B. Lawrence

San Diego Law Review

Lack of access to evidence-based care for drug addiction is an urgent problem amid a decades-long overdose crisis that kills more than one hundred thousand Americans a year. Opioid addiction is the primary driver of overdoses today, and medicines exist to treat such addiction that can dramatically improve quality of life while reducing the risk of deadly overdose by more than half. Yet fewer than one in four of the nine million Americans who need such evidence-based medical care for their addiction receive it. Chief among barriers to access are restrictive and burdensome federal requirements limiting the use of narcotic …

Accounting For Fetal Personhood: Confronting The Implications Of Fetal Personhood On Vital Statistics Law, Alix Rogers

San Diego Law Review

In February 2024, in LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Alabama Supreme Court held that embryos created through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were legal persons. The national conversation about this ruling focused on the implications for IVF treatment. The impact of fetal personhood on the realm of vital records law has, to date, gone unnoticed. Vital records laws in the United States mandate the registration and collection of data for legislatively determined vital events. Vital records law influenced by fetal personhood, as well as broader trends to criminalize pregnancy, has profound and troubling implications for individuals experiencing spontaneous abortion …

Why It Is In The Ncaa’S Best Interests To Recognize College Athletes As Employees, Bradley Rosen

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (AELJ) Blog

The past decade has seen an onslaught of high-profile litigation against the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The litigation has almost exclusively consisted of claims alleging that some of the NCAA’s policies constitute anticompetitive practices under U.S. antitrust laws. In National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston, the Supreme Court ruled that, by limiting the education-related benefits schools were allowed to offer student athletes, the NCAA violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. However, the main takeaway from Alston was the concurrence by Justice Kavanaugh, which emphasized that while “the Court does not address the legality of the NCAA’s remaining compensation rules …