Digital Commons Network^™

Teaching Inquiry: A Guiding Template Fosters Critical Thinking, Barbara D. O'Donnell, Abigail C. Schwent

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

This article provides a supportive way to address the marginalization of social studies by teaching inquiry through the use of a template. Inquiry based learning encourages students to make real-world connections by engaging in problem solving and exploration through research. It fosters higher level skills like critical thinking, evaluation, and synthesis of knowledge through experiential learning (Bell, Urhahne, Schanze and Ploetzner 2009). Using inquiry to investigate social studies topics encourages the use of sources from diverse perspectives to understand the complete picture of the event being researched. Teaching social studies through inquiry is a daunting task due to multiple obstacles …

Tackling Mississippi’S Brain Drain: A Problem-Based Geographic Inquiry Approach For Social Studies Educators, James B. Howell, Lamont E. Maddox, J.O. Joby Bass, Benjamin H. Austin, Skye Morgan

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

This paper offers an overview of brain drain as a social problem and shares insights on integrating problem-based geographic inquiry (PBGI) into classrooms. It aims to help social studies teachers: 1) understand brain drain and its geographic relevance, 2) explore how brain drain serves as an engaging public policy issue for PBGI, and 3) identify resources to support problem-based learning. Additionally, the paper provides practical recommendations on designing effective PBGI units, selecting relevant resources, and utilizing geographic tools to foster civic and geographic reasoning skills. Investigating human migration associated with brain drain using a public policy lens should help students …

Bowers, Lawrence And Obergefell: A Case-By-Case Analysis, Hailey Moran

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

What does Bowers v. Hardwick, Lawrence v. Texas, and Obergefell v. Hodges all have in common? Each of these Supreme Court cases chronicles the passage of time and advancement in LGBTQ+ rights in America. Not only, however, do they chronicle the rights that have been achieved for LGBTQ+ individuals, but they also chronicle the evolution of the Justices on the bench. These cases here help us understand the influences that encourage the Justice’s decision-making, whether it be the state of the law or the Court’s environment. By analyzing each case, we can understand not only how these cases were decided, …

Review Of Fourierist Networks Of Reform: The Social Networks Of Nineteenth Century Reformers, Mitchell K. Jones

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Interpersonal Elements Of Social Sustainability In Intentional Communities, Caitlyn R. Charles, Alison A. Ormsby

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Housing In Contemporary Intentional Communities, Lucy Sargisson

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Connecting The Dots: Steps Toward A Synthesis Of American Communal History, Carl Guarneri

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Techniques For Providing Asynchronous Reliable Transmission Protocol For Application-To-Application Communication, Ashish Kumar Khatri Mr., Preet Nepolean Dabre Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are disclosed for providing asynchronous reliable transmission (ART) protocol for Application-to-Application messages. A communication protocol is designed to support communication between two devices asynchronously over channels that have limitations to facilitate asynchronous communication and have limited bandwidth. The ART protocol solves communication challenges that arise when transmitting data over channels with such limitations. The ART protocol has the provision to expand for future use cases such as encryption. Further, the ART Protocol provides mechanisms for data packet fragmentation, allowing larger packets to be transmitted over channels with limited bandwidth.

Genesis Bridwell Systems Overlays, Fulton D. Bridwell, Fulton D. Bridwell

Defensive Publications Series

Constitutional Output Interface Protocol (COIP)

Abstract:

This disclosure describes a Constitutional Output Interface Protocol (COIP) that enforces a governance layer across artificial intelligence systems. Each AI output is processed through a structured flow of Insight → Evidence → Strategy, thereby ensuring explainability, transparency, and auditability. The protocol provides a universal framework for converting opaque AI decisions into legally defensible reasoning chains. Applications include regulated industries such as finance, healthcare, logistics, and defense where compliance and accountability are critical. By embedding COIP as a standardized overlay, organizations can integrate AI while maintaining adherence to evolving regulatory and ethical standards.

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9th Gsep Research Symposium - 2025

GSEP Research Symposium

The Ninth Annual GSEP Research Symposium, themed "Building Bridges to Elevate Humanity: Innovations and Insights in Education and Psychology", was hosted by the Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology (GSEP) on June 19–20, 2025, at the historic Château d’Hauteville in Switzerland and virtually via Zoom.

This hybrid symposium convened a vibrant global community of students, alumni, faculty, and scholars to share research that addresses real-world challenges, advances scholarly inquiry, and builds pathways for inclusive collaboration and leadership. Spanning a wide array of topics—from artificial intelligence and mental health to trauma-informed practices, educational equity, social justice, and cross-cultural leadership—the …

V.27-1, 2025 Masthead

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

No abstract provided.

Social Media, Social Sensibilities, And The Employment Relationship, Matthew W. Finkin

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

Employers have long made decisions based on the applicant’s or incumbent employee’s respectability. Those whose transgress the bounds could be excluded; e.g., those who publicly embrace the Ku Klux Klan.[] In other words, frank speech—speech “unconstrained by anything that might normally encourage one to be more circumspect,”[] speech revealing one’s “true feelings, however repellant to popular morality”[]—is not invariably a good thing.[]

When social media came into wide use, employers extended their monitoring of applicants and incumbents for the acceptability of that speech.[] There is nothing new in that.[] In the absence of a clear direction embodied in law …

When Is Free Speech “Beyond” The Constitution?, Abner S. Greene

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

The constitution of a nation without a state action doctrine might limit private restriction or compulsion of speech just as it limits the state. In such a nation, “free speech beyond the constitution” might not be a particularly meaningful concept. In the United States, however, the First Amendment’s free speech clause limits only what the federal, state, and local governments may do. As a nonconstitutional policy matter, it might or might not be a good idea for the government to impose First Amendment- like restrictions on private actors or for private actors to voluntarily impose First Amendment-like restrictions on themselves. …

Hear Me Out: What Is Our Obligation To Listen?, Thomas Healy

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

Most scholarly discussions about “cancel culture” focus on the extent to which imposing economic or social sanctions on speakers violates the principle of free speech. In this essay, I consider a related question, which is whether deliberately avoiding, ignoring, or blocking speakers one disagrees with is antithetical to free speech. Although it might seem strange to suggest that a principle concerned with the right to speak entails an obligation to listen, I argue that genuine “good faith” listening is necessary to further the goals free speech is designed to serve. However, I also argue that this obligation is imperfect, or …

Comment On Hurd And Moore, Richard Arneson

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

In their essay on “Wrongful Student Speech and Rightful Private University Responses to It,” Professors Heidi Hurd and Michael Moore (hereafter, Hurd & Moore) deepen the discussion by situating it in a general account of moral limits on freedom of expression and by noting connections to some of their own views on moral theory. The result is an excellent primer on freedom of speech, and more than just a primer. Their general views are shown to have plausible implications for tangled questions about what private university administrators ought to do in response to problematic examples of campus protest. That this …

From Mill To Mussolini And On To Microsoft: Freedom Of Speech In A Neo-Corporatist Era, Maimon Schwarzschild

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty—a fundamental text for political liberalism—not only defended the importance of freedom of expression and debate, but suggested that social pressure from private persons and institutions can be as much, or more, of a threat to freedom, including freedom of expression, as any legal sanction or act of government. Mill feared “a social tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression” which “leaves fewer means of escape, penetrating much more deeply into the details of life, and enslaving the soul to itself”.

Recent decades in America have seen efforts to suppress free expression by colleges …

Interpreting The Law And Complying With It, Larry Alexander

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

In this Article, I am going to focus on a set of issues that follow from the fact that laws are created by human beings and interpreted by human beings. It is unlike morality in these respects. For morality presumably applies to us humans, whether we accept what it requires or correctly assess what it requires. But it is we who decide what laws, good or bad, should govern us, and whose interpretations of those laws, correct or incorrect, should constitute our governing laws. And if the uncertainty of what morality requires creates the necessity for laws, and if laws, …

Nra Group Llc V. Nicole Durenleau

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

In Re: Sylvia N. Emiabata

2025 Decisions

USDC for the District of Delaware

Joint Senate Meeting Minutes 10-7-25, Unk Student Government

Joint Senate Meeting Minutes

No abstract provided.

What Is The Point Of Free Speech?, Hrishikesh Joshi

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

How might we understand the nature and importance of a right to freedom of speech? One way to go is to appeal to the rights of speakers and listeners. Individuals would then have a right against state interference in saying what they want to say. On the other hand, listeners have a right to listen to whom they please and thus also would have a right against state interference. By stopping certain things from being voiced or published, for instance, the state would also be violating individuals’ rights to hear or read these things if they so choose.

This paper …

Student Affairs Minutes 10/07/2025, Student Affairs Committee

Student Affairs Committee

No abstract provided.

How Free Should Campus Speech Be?, Heidi M. Hurd, Michael S. Moore

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

The general topic to which this piece is devoted concerns how non-governmental entities and individuals may and should respond to the speech of other non-governmental entities and individuals. The emphasis on private, non-governmental actions removes the discussion from the ambit of the First Amendment’s constitutional right of free speech and, indeed, removes the discussion from issues of legality, more generally. Although such normative discussions can result in recommended legal actions, in the first instance at least such discussions are about the morality—as opposed to the legality—of the negative responses by private persons to the speech of others.

The particular focus …

Should Private Universities Tie Themselves To The First Amendment?, Keith E. Whittington

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

Private colleges and universities are generally free to depart from First Amendment standards regarding their own regulation of speech on campus and among campus community members. They may adopt more restrictive speech regimes that would sharply separate them from their public university counterparts which are bound by First Amendment requirements. In the modern era, private universities have nonetheless generally chosen to voluntarily embrace something like First Amendment principles to guide their own internal governance. Some would prefer that they shed those commitments and adopt some alternative speech regime. In this Article, I argue that private universities generally should adopt free …

Fiber Recruitment Drives A Phase Transition Of Cell Polarization At A Critical Cell Spacing In Matrix-Mediated Tissue Remodeling, Xiangjun Peng, Yuxuan Huang, Wenyu Kong, Yanan Du, Elliot L Elson, Xi-Qiao Feng, Guy M Genin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Biological tissues exhibit sharp phase transitions where cells collectively transition from disordered to ordered states at critical densities. We demonstrate through bio-chemo-mechanical modeling that this emergent behavior arises from a nonmonotonic dependence on nonlinear extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanics: mechanical communication between cells is optimized at intermediate stiffness values where cells can both generate sufficient forces and create strain-stiffened tension bands in the ECM. This balance establishes a critical cell spacing threshold for cell-cell communication ([Formula: see text]100 to 200 [Formula: see text]m) that is conserved across experimental observations for a broad range of cell types and collagen densities. Our model …

Condition Optimization For The Synthesis Of Castor Oil Templated Mesoporous Silica, Godlisten Namwel Shao

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The present work provides suitable conditions for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with improved porosity using an optimization technique. The proposed preparation method involves forming final products by varying the amount of castor oil, media, and template removal. The obtained samples were examined by TGA, XRD, DRIFT and nitrogen physisorption studies. It was observed that the porosity of the obtained samples was dependent on the conditions under which the materials were synthesized. All synthesized materials showed the Type IV adsorption-desorption isotherm features of mesoporous, regardless of the conditions utilized during the synthesis. The sample synthesized using 2.5 g of a …

Academic Senate - Minutes, 10/07/2025, Academic Senate

Academic Senate Minutes

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Study Of Flywheel Mitigation Controls Using Hamiltonian-Based Design For E3 High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Events, Connor A. Lehman, Rush Robinett, David Wilson, Wayne Weaver

Michigan Tech Publications

This paper explores the feasibility of implementing a flywheel energy storage system designed to generate voltage for the purpose of mitigating current flow through the transformer neutral path to ground, which is induced by a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) event. The active flywheel system presents the advantage of employing custom optimal control laws, in contrast to the conventional approach of utilizing passive blocking capacitors. A Hamiltonian-based optimal control law for energy storage is derived and integrated into models of both the transformer and the flywheel energy storage system. This Hamiltonian-based feedback control law is subsequently compared against an energy-optimal feedforward …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) In Zoulfa Katouh’S As Long As The Lemon Trees Grow, Mai Hazem El Gebali

English Language and Literature

This paper aims to analyze the representation of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Zoulfa Katouh’s novel, As Long as the Lemon Trees Grow (2022). Katouh, a Canadian-Syrian author who specializes in drug sciences, sets her debut novel against the backdrop of the war in Syria in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The protagonist, Salama, a teenage girl pursuing an undergraduate degree in pharmacy, faces the harrowing realities of war and volunteers as a surgical assistant amidst the chaos of bombings and sniper attacks. As a result of the war, Salama tragically loses almost all her family members, and in …

Clarke V. Haliman

All Decisions

In a holdover proceeding, the tenant moved to vacate a prior stipulation of settlement and dismiss the petition, arguing the apartment was rent-stabilized. The court granted the tenant's motion, vacating the stipulation, judgment, and warrant. The court found that the building, constructed before 1974, de facto contained six housing accommodations, evidenced by Department of Buildings violations for cellar units and six mailboxes, despite the landlord's claim of four legal units. Consequently, the apartment was subject to rent stabilization, and the landlord's petition, based on lease expiration for an unregulated unit, failed to state a ground for eviction and was dismissed.