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Rafael Popote V. Lee Estock

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

The Bankruptcy Judge And The Generalist Tradition, Alexander Gouzoules

BYU Law Review

The prevailing academic consensus is that bankruptcy judges are specialists presiding over specialized courts. This Article contends that this description is incomplete and, in some respects, inaccurate. Drawing on scholarly models of judicial specialization and historical surveys of the field, this Article contends that bankruptcy judges reflect a hybrid design choice: procedural specialization combined with substantive generalism. This model delivers many of the observed benefits of judicial specialization (including efficiency and technical competence) while preserving the cross-pollination of ideas and other benefits associated with the generalist tradition of American judging.

This Article also reflects on contemporary developments—most notably the rise …

Sga 57 Senate 2026-01-30 Agenda, Niu Student Government Association Senate

Student Government Association Archives

No abstract provided.

Sga 57 Senate 2026-01-30 Minutes, Niu Student Government Association Senate

Student Government Association Archives

No abstract provided.

Cardozo Law News Brief: January 30, 2026, Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law

Cardozo Law News Briefs

Highlights from the January 30, 2026, Cardozo Law News Brief include:

• The Perlmutter Foundation expanded its support for Cardozo’s Perlmutter Center for Legal Justice, increasing its contribution to $16 million, with up to $2 million more committed.

• Professor Lindsay Nash spoke to USA Today, TIME, and Lawyer Monthly about ICE’s claims that it does not need judicial warrants to enter homes, emphasizing the constitutional concerns.

• Professor Haiyun Damon-Feng was quoted in The Guardian regarding constitutional issues raised by Trump’s ICE deployment in Minneapolis.

• Professor Alexander Reinert spoke to The Marshall Project about the legal barriers civilians face when …

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The Influence Of Transformational Leadership, Achievement Motivation, And Organizational Culture On Teachers’ Learning Innovation: A Quantitative Study In Public Senior High Schools, Dewi Nur Cahyaningrum, Yovitha Yulijantiningsih, Supriyono Supriyono

Journal of ICSAR

This study analyzes the influence of transformational leadership, achievement motivation, and organizational culture on teachers’ learning innovation in public senior high schools in Jepara Regency. Using a quantitative survey involving 215 teachers, multiple regression analysis was employed to examine both partial and simultaneous effects. The results show that transformational leadership (β = 0.421; p < 0.001), achievement motivation (β = 0.367; p < 0.001), and organizational culture (β = 0.298; p < 0.001) significantly affect teachers’ learning innovation. Collectively, the three variables explain a substantial proportion of variance in learning innovation (R² = 0.612). In this study, learning innovation is defined to include inclusive teaching practices, the use of accessible digital tools, differentiated instruction, and adaptive strategies that support students with diverse learning needs, including those with disabilities. The findings therefore highlight that pedagogical innovation does not only involve creativity and technology integration but also the development of equitable and disability-responsive learning environments. The study underscores that inclusive learning innovation emerges from the synergy of strong transformational leadership, high teacher motivation, and a school culture committed to accessibility and collaboration. These findings provide important implications for educational leaders and policymakers, calling for the strengthening of inclusive leadership capacity, the cultivation of disability-sensitive school cultures, and the enhancement of teacher motivation to promote equitable instructional reform.

Development Of A Teacher–Parent Collaborative Learning Model Through Musical Drama For Enhancing Early Childhood Creativity, Anastasia Tuty Harminanti, Arri Handayani, Anita Chandra Dewi

Journal of ICSAR

Early childhood education plays a crucial role in fostering children’s creativity during the formative years. However, learning activities that systematically integrate teacher–parent collaboration with arts-based approaches remain limited in early childhood education settings. This study aimed to develop a collaborative learning module involving teachers and parents through musical drama to enhance early childhood creativity at Pelangi Kasih Kindergarten. The study employed a research and development (R&D) design consisting of needs analysis, product design, development, expert validation, practicality testing, and limited effectiveness testing. The module was validated by a material expert and a media expert, followed by practicality tests involving teachers …

Interaction Of Deaf Students With Hearing Peers In Inclusive Elementary Schools: A Phenomenological Study, Anfal Zaeni Noor, Sriyanto Sriyanto

Journal of ICSAR

The interaction of disabilities with their peers in inclusive elementary schools is a critical dimension of social and emotional development, yet existing research has largely emphasized communication barriers or institutional readiness rather than students’ lived communicative experiences. This study examines how a deaf student constructs and negotiates communication with peers in an inclusive elementary school context. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the study involved one deaf student, hearing peers, parents, and a homeroom teacher. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that communication was predominantly mediated through spontaneous, …

Doc 2026-04 Proposal To Suspend Masters Of Science, Applied Mathematics, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences

Senate Documents

With persistent low enrollment, graduate course offerings can be reduced to continue to support needed math content in School of Engineering graduate programs, and can better meet the needs of the undergraduate programs

Doc 2026-03 Proposal For A New Artificial Intelligence Co-Major, University Of Dayton. School Of Engineering

Senate Documents

The Artificial Intelligence Engineering Co-Major provides students with a comprehensive foundation in mathematics, programming, machine learning, and ethical AI practice, combined with hands-on engineering applications.

Doc 2026-05 Proposal To Suspend Masters Of Science, Chemistry, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences

Senate Documents

Because of competition with other regional programs, a small faculty, and a lack of resources for Graduate Assistantships, we don’t have the capacity to offer a Master’s degree that is fully distinct from our advanced undergraduate offerings.

Doc 2026-12 Proposal To Rename An Academic Degree: Bachelor Of Science In Industrial Engineering Technology To Bachelor Of Science In Systems And Industrial Engineering, University Of Dayton. Department Of Engineering Management, Systems And Technology School Of Engineering

Senate Documents

A program name change is being requested for the Industrial Engineering Technology program at  the University of Dayton.

• Previously approved title:  Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology, Industrial Engineering Technology

• Proposed new title: Bachelor of Science in Systems and Industrial Engineering

• The program being proposed for retitle does not lead to an educator preparation license or  endorsement.

Doc 2026-02 Proposal For New Bachelor Of Elementary And Middle Grades Education, University Of Dayton. School Of Education And Health Sciences

Senate Documents

The Elementary and Middle Grades Education major leads to a Bachelor of Science in Education (B.S.E.) and offers two licensure tracks: Elementary Education (PK–5) and Middle Childhood Education (4–9). All students complete a shared core of foundational teacher education coursework. Elementary Education (PK–5) candidates may select a minor, while Middle Childhood (4–9) candidates choose two subject-area concentrations from language arts, mathematics, science, or social studies. Both tracks offer opportunities to pursue specialized professional certificates, including TESOL, Dyslexia, STEM, and the Urban Teacher Academy (UTA).

Front Matter

Texas A&M Law Review

Front Matter.

Constitutional Interpretation As Problem Solving: How The Modalities Work, Jack M. Balkin

Texas A&M Law Review

The standard forms of constitutional argument—the modalities—are central to one of the most important approaches to constitutional interpretation: constitutional pluralism. Both originalists and non-originalists use the modalities. This Essay explains how they work. The modalities of constitutional argument are shared cultural tools for thinking about the Constitution, analyzing legal problems, and formulating arguments to resolve them. Constitutional interpretation is a kind of problem solving, and the modalities are our legal culture’s toolkit for analyzing and solving constitutional problems.

Our use of the modalities presumes that at any point in time, some arguments are better than others. This assumption is central …

Originalist Arguments In Free Speech History, Samantha Barbas

Texas A&M Law Review

Contrary to what historians and legal scholars have often assumed, originalism has played an important role in American free speech history. During the 1950s, originalist interpretations of the First Amendment as prohibiting the crime of seditious libel became popular in legal argumentation, court rulings, and in popular culture more generally. The reason for the popularity of these arguments was the Red Scare. Liberal lawyers, judges, and scholars deployed originalist arguments in their battles against government anti-Communist measures. They argued that the original meaning and purpose of the First Amendment was the ban on punishment for criticism of the government, and …

Race, Memory, And Authority In Constitutional Interpretation, Henry L. Chambers, Jr.

Texas A&M Law Review

This Essay considers how America’s history and memory regarding race complicate constitutional interpretation. If scholars interpreted the Constitution merely to determine what the majority view of the Constitution may have been when it was ratified—its original public meaning (“OPM”)—the loose use of history and memory to interpret the Constitution might be acceptable. What the People—whose membership is contested—thought the Constitution meant when it was framed is interesting, so long as it does not bind us today. However, as Jack Balkin notes in Memory and Authority: The Uses of History in Constitutional Interpretation, lawyers and judges attempt to use history …

Memory Warriors, Pluralists, And Abnegators In Constitutional Interpretation: An Essay On Jack Balkin's Pluralist Originalism In Memory And Authority, Jed Handelsman Shugerman, Zachary Shugerman Handelsman

Texas A&M Law Review

One of the most compelling and generative aspects of Jack Balkin’s Memory and Authority: The Uses of History in Constitutional Interpretation is its synthesis of constitutional theory, history, and the growing field of the “politics of memory,” and especially the concept of the “memory entrepreneur.” The book project itself is entrepreneurial, if you will, in its cultivating, connecting, and building from different disciplines, academic languages, and national narratives (in that the “politics of memory” is already such an international and interdisciplinary field itself).

Balkin Amid Balkanization: Constitutional Construction, The Uses Of History, And Interpretive Discretion In A Divided Country, Neil S. Siegel

Texas A&M Law Review

Professor Jack Balkin’s Memory and Authority is a good book by a great constitutional theorist, but it gives me some pause. Balkin’s account of legitimate constitutional construction is so capacious and seemingly accepting of a results orientation that it may be difficult to discern when someone is doing it wrong. Balkin repeatedly implies that more is better, both regarding the number of modalities of constitutional interpretation and the kinds of history that are relevant to making constitutional arguments. Moreover, he repeatedly declares that “history is a resource and not a command.” But modality creep may make it more challenging for …

Memory And Authority Of Failed Constitutional Amendments, Julie C. Suk

Texas A&M Law Review

When the original public meaning of any constitutional provision is enforced, guarantees of rights that were adopted before women were included in legal rights may appear illegitimate and inadequate for a 21st-century democracy. Originalists have long pointed to Article V amendment as the legitimate path to changing the Constitution. Jack Balkin’s Memory and Authority points to the importance of expanding American constitutional memory if women and minorities are to be included in the transhistorical “We the People.” This Essay illustrates how the memory and authority of failed constitutional amendments can challenge originalists’ reliance on amendment as the path to democratically …

Historical Methods Of Constitutional Interpretation And Political Gradations, Nelson Tebbe

Texas A&M Law Review

In this symposium Essay, I explore the hypothesis that as constitutional politics have become more assertive, historical methods of interpretation have become more prominent. In other words, the claim I would like to test is that the intensification of constitutional politics and the prominence of historical argument are correlated. Moreover, the relationship between the two appears to be linear. As arguments become bolder, they are more likely to deploy history as a method of interpretation. That proposition may seem counterintuitive, and it is intriguing.

Roger Taney, Memory Entrepreneur, Anne Twitty

Texas A&M Law Review

Roger Taney’s infamous “opinion of the court” in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which rejected the possibility that Black Americans could ever be citizens of the United States, was rooted in the authority of the past.

But Taney’s account of that past has been a source of criticism ever since the decision was rendered.

To be sure, there was plenty to complain about. Many, though certainly not all, have taken issue with Taney’s narrative of the making of the United States Constitution and its attendant meaning, critiquing both Taney’s understanding of the Union and his insistence that the Constitution was, …

Hermeneutics In History, John Fabian Witt

Texas A&M Law Review

Lawyers sometimes ask about the place of history in legal or constitutional interpretation. Historians typically ask a different question. The historians’ inquiry is more often about the place of a phenomenon, like interpretation in history, not vice versa. Constitutional interpretation is itself a historical practice, with particular, changing, and contingent political structures. It is driven by relatively autonomous forces such as war, natural disaster, social mobilizations, migrations and exclusions, economic transformations, and more, all of which shape and condition lawyers’ interpretive projects. If we put interpretation in history, rather than the other way around, then interpretation and (by extension) constitutional …

Why Constitutional Argument Matters, Philip Bobbitt

Texas A&M Law Review

The program for this symposium promised that I would be discussing the “descriptive grammar of constitutional law.” To put my purpose less benignly, I should say that I mean to attack the practice of limiting what I will call “modal analysis” to its descriptive virtues. Part of that attack will be the claim that courts and their commentators should pay closer attention to the modal requirements of the fundamental forms of constitutional discourse, but not because straying from this is a kind of grammatical faux pas. After all, if the system I have urged for constitutional analysis—the system of …

A Simple And Affordable Protocol To Assess Censer Seed Dispersal: First Confirmation Of The Mechanism In The Genus Solanum, Abigail J. Motter, Christopher T. Martine, Melody P. Sain

Faculty Journal Articles

The censer seed dispersal mechanism, whereby mature fruits are retained on plants and seeds dispersed by mechanical shaking, is among the most specialized wind-aided seed dispersal strategies employed by the flowering plants. An efficient, affordable, and easily repeatable protocol for determining whether a species uses this unusual mechanism of seed dispersal is lacking. Our focal species, Solanum tudununggae, is one of just two Solanum species (in a fleshy-fruited genus of ca. 1200 species) hypothesized to use this dispersal mechanism as a means to move seeds farther from parent plants than would gravity alone.

Redefining Smile In A Snap: An Interdisciplinary Approach Combining Orthodontics And Veneers For Esthetic Excellence And Improved Well-Being, Yonas A. Hendarto, Putu Lndra, Made D. Satyaputra, Ananto A. Alhasyimi, Francisco J. Vazquez-Santos

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: Mild anterior crowding associated with a gummy smile often requires an interdisciplinary approach to achieve optimal aesthetic outcomes, especially when treatment time is limited. This report aims to present a synergistic orthodontic and prosthodontic strategy using clear aligners followed by veneer placement.

Case Report: A 23-year-old woman sought a rapid smile makeover before participating in a national beauty pageant. Clinical findings included mild maxillary anterior crowding and excessive gingival display, exacerbated by an unconscious habit of raising the upper lip during smiling. Orthodontic treatment included using aligners limited to the maxillary arch to maintain stable occlusion and meet the …

Negotiation And Politeness Strategies: Pragmatic Functions Of The Sentence-Final Particle Ba In Chinese Textbook Dialogues, Hatmi Idris

Multikultura

The sentence-final particle ba is frequently used in Chinese, yet its pragmatic functions in bargaining contexts remain challenging for second-language learners. This study investigates the use of ba in negotiation dialogues from the Hànyǔ Jiàochéng textbook series (Units 1 and 2), focusing on its role in maintaining politeness, protecting face, and facilitating agreement between interlocutors. Using a qualitative approach, each instance of ba was identified and analysed with reference to speech act theory, politeness principles, and the concept of face-threatening acts. The findings reveal that bastrengthens the speaker’s illocutionary force while mitigating potential discourtesy, reducing interactional tension, and providing …

Ideologi Di Balik Pidato Kenegaraan Peringatan Masirat Al-Hadraa Ke-49, Muhammad Sidqon Siroj

Multikultura

This study examines the 49th anniversary speech of the Green March (Masirat Al-Hadraa) as an ideological instrument within the political framework of the Kingdom of Morocco. The research reveals that the historical narrative of the Green March is reproduced not merely as collective memory, but as a strategic mechanism to consolidate monarchical legitimacy and assert territorial sovereignty over Western Sahara. Utilizing a qualitative methodology grounded in Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the findings demonstrate that King Mohammed VI’s discourse serves three primary functions: first, reinforcing the monarchy’s historical-religious and institutional authority amidst domestic and regional political pressures; second, …

Transwoman Motherhood: Analyzing Film Die Beautiful Within Butler’S Gender Performativity Theory, June Louie A. Flores, Mina Elfira

International Review of Humanities Studies

This study explores the representation and construction of gender identity and motherhood of transgender women within the Philippine society, focusing on Jun R. Lana’s 2016 film, Die Beautiful. Recognizing the increasing visibility of the queer community in media and social discourse, the research aims to analyze how the film reflects and challenges the binary construction of gender and societal gender norms using the theory of gender performativity by Judith Butler from her book Gender Trouble. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, specifically the conventional method, selected scenes were examined to identify instances of gender performance and explore how …

From Archives To Public Space: Art Archiving Practices In Indonesia, Ayu Astuti, Ike Iswary Lawanda

International Review of Humanities Studies

Art archives hold a crucial role in the production of knowledge and the writing of art history. In Indonesia, however, the management and accessibility of art archives remain uneven, resulting in significant gaps within art historiography. This article examines how art archives function not merely as repositories of documentation, but as cultural practices and public knowledge infrastructures that shape the conditions of art history writing. Using a qualitative approach, this study combines literature review with case studies of selected archival initiatives in Indonesia, including the Indonesian Visual Art Archive (IVAA), Pusat Dokumentasi Salihara, and Dicti Art Laboratory. The findings reveal …